🔆 White-Collar Terrorism: Key Concepts & India’s Response
📍 What is White-Collar Terrorism?
✅ Involves educated professionals (doctors, engineers, IT experts) using their professional legitimacy, networks, and institutional access for violent extremist ends.
✅ Contrasts the older belief that terrorism mainly recruits the unemployed and vulnerable.
📍 Why Is It Emerging?
✅ Relative Deprivation Theory – Extremism driven by perceived injustice, not poverty alone.
✅ Social Identity Theory – Professional identity gets replaced by an extremist “higher-purpose” identity.
✅ Digital Technology – Encrypted platforms need high technical skills, making professionals strategic assets.
📍 Other Emerging Terror Forms
✅ Lone-Wolf Terrorism – Individuals acting alone (e.g., Christchurch attack).
✅ Suicide Bombings – Human-bomb attacks (e.g., Pulwama).
✅ Sleeper Cells – Hidden operatives blending in until activated.
✅ Over Ground Workers (OGWs) – Provide logistics, shelter, funds, and support.
📍 India’s Counter-Terror Strategy
✅ Investigation & Intelligence – NIA, NSG, IB, multi-agency coordination.
✅ Legal Framework – UAPA 1967 as core anti-terror legislation.
✅ Preventing Terror Financing – TFFC (NIA), CFT Cell (MHA), FATF compliance.
✅ Retaliatory Operations – Surgical Strike (2016), Operation Sindoor (2025).
📍 Conclusion
✅ White-collar terrorism shows that extremism is evolving, demanding a mix of technology, intelligence, financial tracking, and ideological countermeasures.
#Security #mains
📍 What is White-Collar Terrorism?
✅ Involves educated professionals (doctors, engineers, IT experts) using their professional legitimacy, networks, and institutional access for violent extremist ends.
✅ Contrasts the older belief that terrorism mainly recruits the unemployed and vulnerable.
📍 Why Is It Emerging?
✅ Relative Deprivation Theory – Extremism driven by perceived injustice, not poverty alone.
✅ Social Identity Theory – Professional identity gets replaced by an extremist “higher-purpose” identity.
✅ Digital Technology – Encrypted platforms need high technical skills, making professionals strategic assets.
📍 Other Emerging Terror Forms
✅ Lone-Wolf Terrorism – Individuals acting alone (e.g., Christchurch attack).
✅ Suicide Bombings – Human-bomb attacks (e.g., Pulwama).
✅ Sleeper Cells – Hidden operatives blending in until activated.
✅ Over Ground Workers (OGWs) – Provide logistics, shelter, funds, and support.
📍 India’s Counter-Terror Strategy
✅ Investigation & Intelligence – NIA, NSG, IB, multi-agency coordination.
✅ Legal Framework – UAPA 1967 as core anti-terror legislation.
✅ Preventing Terror Financing – TFFC (NIA), CFT Cell (MHA), FATF compliance.
✅ Retaliatory Operations – Surgical Strike (2016), Operation Sindoor (2025).
📍 Conclusion
✅ White-collar terrorism shows that extremism is evolving, demanding a mix of technology, intelligence, financial tracking, and ideological countermeasures.
#Security #mains
❤7👍1
🔆PANCHAYATI RAJ Introduction
✅Term Panchayati Raj – rural local self-governance
✅ Constitutionalised through 73rd CAA,
▪️ 1992 Evolution of Panchayati Raj
1. Balwant Raj Mehta Committee
✅Recommended scheme for democratic decentralisation
✅Rajasthan was the first state to establish Panchayati Raj – 1959.
✅ Followed by Andhra Pradesh-1959
2. Ashok Mehta Committee
✅ Recommended 132 changes to revive the declining PR system
✅Three tier system of PR – replaced by two tier system – Zila Parishad at district and Mandal Panchayat below it.
✅ District should be first point for decentralisation.
✅PR institutions have compulsory powers of taxation and managing on finances
✅Nyaya panchayats are to be kept separate bodies – preside over by qualified judge.
✅ Minister for PR to be appointed and state answer of ministers.
✅Seats for SC/ST reserved on the basis of population
✅ Could not be implemented due to the collapse of Janata government.
3. GVK Rao Committee
4. L M Singhvi Committee
5. Thungon Committee
6. Gadgil Committee
✅Constituted in 1988 – “how best PR institutions could be made effective”
✅Constitutional status bestowed on PR.
✅Three tier system – Village, block and district levels.
✅Fixed term of five years for members – elected directly – reservation for SC/ST/woman
✅ The state finance commission, State election commission for management
▪️73rd CAA 1992
✅ Part 9 to the Constitution – the Panchayats – Article 243 to 243 O
✅ Landmark in evolution of grassroot democracy.
✅ Salient Features:
a. Gram Sabha
b. Three tier system
c. Election of members and chairperson
d. Version of seats.
e. Duration of Panchayat fixed.
f. Disqualification prescribed.
g. State election commission.
h. Finance commission - audits and accounts.
▪️PESA Act, 1996 Provisions of the Panchayats (extensions to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 - Objectives:
✅ Extend provisions of Part 9 to scheduled areas with certain modifications.
✅ Self-rule for the bulk of tribal population.
✅ Safeguard and preserve traditions and customs of tribal communities.
✅ Empower panchayats for tribal requirement
✅ Provide village governance with participated democracy
Reasons for ineffective performance
1. Of adequate devolution.
2. Excessive control of bureaucracy.
3. Tied nature of funds.
4. Overwhelming dependence on government funding.
5. Status of gram Sabha.
6. Creation of parallel bodies.
7. Poor infrastructure
Join https://www.tg-me.com/CSE_EXAM
✅Term Panchayati Raj – rural local self-governance
✅ Constitutionalised through 73rd CAA,
▪️ 1992 Evolution of Panchayati Raj
1. Balwant Raj Mehta Committee
✅Recommended scheme for democratic decentralisation
✅Rajasthan was the first state to establish Panchayati Raj – 1959.
✅ Followed by Andhra Pradesh-1959
2. Ashok Mehta Committee
✅ Recommended 132 changes to revive the declining PR system
✅Three tier system of PR – replaced by two tier system – Zila Parishad at district and Mandal Panchayat below it.
✅ District should be first point for decentralisation.
✅PR institutions have compulsory powers of taxation and managing on finances
✅Nyaya panchayats are to be kept separate bodies – preside over by qualified judge.
✅ Minister for PR to be appointed and state answer of ministers.
✅Seats for SC/ST reserved on the basis of population
✅ Could not be implemented due to the collapse of Janata government.
3. GVK Rao Committee
4. L M Singhvi Committee
5. Thungon Committee
6. Gadgil Committee
✅Constituted in 1988 – “how best PR institutions could be made effective”
✅Constitutional status bestowed on PR.
✅Three tier system – Village, block and district levels.
✅Fixed term of five years for members – elected directly – reservation for SC/ST/woman
✅ The state finance commission, State election commission for management
▪️73rd CAA 1992
✅ Part 9 to the Constitution – the Panchayats – Article 243 to 243 O
✅ Landmark in evolution of grassroot democracy.
✅ Salient Features:
a. Gram Sabha
b. Three tier system
c. Election of members and chairperson
d. Version of seats.
e. Duration of Panchayat fixed.
f. Disqualification prescribed.
g. State election commission.
h. Finance commission - audits and accounts.
▪️PESA Act, 1996 Provisions of the Panchayats (extensions to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 - Objectives:
✅ Extend provisions of Part 9 to scheduled areas with certain modifications.
✅ Self-rule for the bulk of tribal population.
✅ Safeguard and preserve traditions and customs of tribal communities.
✅ Empower panchayats for tribal requirement
✅ Provide village governance with participated democracy
Reasons for ineffective performance
1. Of adequate devolution.
2. Excessive control of bureaucracy.
3. Tied nature of funds.
4. Overwhelming dependence on government funding.
5. Status of gram Sabha.
6. Creation of parallel bodies.
7. Poor infrastructure
Join https://www.tg-me.com/CSE_EXAM
❤6
Time effect next 160 day
160× 4hrs = 640hrs
160× 6hrs = 960hrs
160× 8hrs = 1280hrs
160× 10hrs = 1600hrs
160× 12hrs = 1920hrs
160× 14hrs = 2240hrs
160× 15hrs = 2400hrs
160× 16hrs = 2560hrs
160×17hrs = 2720hrs
Your target?
Join https://www.tg-me.com/anmolvachan1
160× 4hrs = 640hrs
160× 6hrs = 960hrs
160× 8hrs = 1280hrs
160× 10hrs = 1600hrs
160× 12hrs = 1920hrs
160× 14hrs = 2240hrs
160× 15hrs = 2400hrs
160× 16hrs = 2560hrs
160×17hrs = 2720hrs
Your target?
Join https://www.tg-me.com/anmolvachan1
❤10👏3👌1
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 25 NOVEMBER 2025
📍 BANKING & FINANCE
✅ Central Bank of Oman unveils new currency symbol for Omani Rial — part of Oman Vision 2040.
📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ India–Australia–Canada launch ACITI Partnership to boost cooperation in AI, clean energy, critical minerals & resilient supply chains.
✅ At G20 Johannesburg, PM Modi announces 6 Global Initiatives, including:
— Global Traditional Knowledge Repository
— Africa Skills Multiplier Programme
— G20 Healthcare Response Team
— Drug–Terror Nexus Initiative
— Open Satellite Data Partnership
— Critical Minerals Circularity Initiative
✅ Malaysia to ban social media for under-16s from 2026.
✅ USA designates Saudi Arabia as a Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA); F-35 deal approved.
✅ 17 nations join Blue NDC Challenge to accelerate ocean-based climate action (COP30).
📍 NATIONAL
✅ India–Italy launch joint initiative to counter terror financing; cooperation at FATF & GCTF.
✅ India–Georgia strengthen ties in textiles, sericulture & trade; India unveils 5-in-1 Silk Stole.
✅ Cyclone Fina (Category-3) hits Northern Territory, Australia — winds up to 205 km/h.
✅ Steel Ministry launches SARAL SIMS, cutting import fields from 56 → 20; QCO exemptions extended to 31 Mar 2026.
✅ MHA scraps Sign-On / Sign-Off / Shore Leave Pass for Indian seafarers on coastal vessels.
📍 DEFENCE
✅ ITBP to set up 10 all-women Border Outposts along the India–China LAC (Ladakh & Himachal first).
✅ Indian Coast Guard conducts coastal security exercise Sagar Kavach-02/25 in Maharashtra & Goa.
✅ India–Nepal Exercise ‘Suryakiran-19’ begins (25 Nov–8 Dec, Pithoragarh) — focus on jungle warfare & CT ops.
📍 SCHEMES / GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES
PM Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) — 9 years
✅ 10.33 crore LPG connections delivered.
✅ Ujjwala 2.0 achieved 1 crore additional target (Jan 2022).
✅ Migrant families eligible via self-declaration (no address proof).
National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)
✅ 34 supercomputers, capacity 35 Petaflops.
✅ Indigenous Trinetra HPC network developed; PARAM Pravega, PARAM Rudra deployed.
✅ AIRAWAT AI super-compute platform under implementation; 45 PF more capacity planned FY 24–25.
📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ National Integration Day — 19 Nov
✅ International Day for Elimination of Violence Against Women — 25 Nov
✅ Constitution Day (26 Nov) to be observed nationwide with Preamble reading.
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Justice Vikram Nath appointed Executive Chairman, NALSA.
✅ Chitra Talwar appointed new Part-Time Chairperson, Jana SFB.
📍 OBITUARY
✅ Veteran actor Dharmendra passes away at 89 in Mumbai.
📍 SCIENCE & TECH
✅ OmanSat-1, Oman’s first national communication satellite, launched (with Airbus; OneSat platform; Ka-band).
📍 SPORTS
🏎 Max Verstappen wins Las Vegas Grand Prix (Red Bull).
🏸 Lakshya Sen wins Australian Open 2025 (BWF Super 500).
🏏 Indian Women’s Blind Cricket Team wins 1st-ever Women’s T20 World Cup (beat Nepal).
🥇 Anahat Singh wins Indian Open Squash title (def. Joshna Chinappa).
⚽ Curaçao becomes smallest nation ever to qualify for the FIFA World Cup.
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
📍 BANKING & FINANCE
✅ Central Bank of Oman unveils new currency symbol for Omani Rial — part of Oman Vision 2040.
📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ India–Australia–Canada launch ACITI Partnership to boost cooperation in AI, clean energy, critical minerals & resilient supply chains.
✅ At G20 Johannesburg, PM Modi announces 6 Global Initiatives, including:
— Global Traditional Knowledge Repository
— Africa Skills Multiplier Programme
— G20 Healthcare Response Team
— Drug–Terror Nexus Initiative
— Open Satellite Data Partnership
— Critical Minerals Circularity Initiative
✅ Malaysia to ban social media for under-16s from 2026.
✅ USA designates Saudi Arabia as a Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA); F-35 deal approved.
✅ 17 nations join Blue NDC Challenge to accelerate ocean-based climate action (COP30).
📍 NATIONAL
✅ India–Italy launch joint initiative to counter terror financing; cooperation at FATF & GCTF.
✅ India–Georgia strengthen ties in textiles, sericulture & trade; India unveils 5-in-1 Silk Stole.
✅ Cyclone Fina (Category-3) hits Northern Territory, Australia — winds up to 205 km/h.
✅ Steel Ministry launches SARAL SIMS, cutting import fields from 56 → 20; QCO exemptions extended to 31 Mar 2026.
✅ MHA scraps Sign-On / Sign-Off / Shore Leave Pass for Indian seafarers on coastal vessels.
📍 DEFENCE
✅ ITBP to set up 10 all-women Border Outposts along the India–China LAC (Ladakh & Himachal first).
✅ Indian Coast Guard conducts coastal security exercise Sagar Kavach-02/25 in Maharashtra & Goa.
✅ India–Nepal Exercise ‘Suryakiran-19’ begins (25 Nov–8 Dec, Pithoragarh) — focus on jungle warfare & CT ops.
📍 SCHEMES / GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES
PM Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) — 9 years
✅ 10.33 crore LPG connections delivered.
✅ Ujjwala 2.0 achieved 1 crore additional target (Jan 2022).
✅ Migrant families eligible via self-declaration (no address proof).
National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)
✅ 34 supercomputers, capacity 35 Petaflops.
✅ Indigenous Trinetra HPC network developed; PARAM Pravega, PARAM Rudra deployed.
✅ AIRAWAT AI super-compute platform under implementation; 45 PF more capacity planned FY 24–25.
📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ National Integration Day — 19 Nov
✅ International Day for Elimination of Violence Against Women — 25 Nov
✅ Constitution Day (26 Nov) to be observed nationwide with Preamble reading.
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Justice Vikram Nath appointed Executive Chairman, NALSA.
✅ Chitra Talwar appointed new Part-Time Chairperson, Jana SFB.
📍 OBITUARY
✅ Veteran actor Dharmendra passes away at 89 in Mumbai.
📍 SCIENCE & TECH
✅ OmanSat-1, Oman’s first national communication satellite, launched (with Airbus; OneSat platform; Ka-band).
📍 SPORTS
🏎 Max Verstappen wins Las Vegas Grand Prix (Red Bull).
🏸 Lakshya Sen wins Australian Open 2025 (BWF Super 500).
🏏 Indian Women’s Blind Cricket Team wins 1st-ever Women’s T20 World Cup (beat Nepal).
🥇 Anahat Singh wins Indian Open Squash title (def. Joshna Chinappa).
⚽ Curaçao becomes smallest nation ever to qualify for the FIFA World Cup.
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
❤8
JK_Combined_Competitive_Preliminary_Examination_2025_Instruction.pdf
4.7 MB
JK_Combined_Competitive_Preliminary_Examination_2025_Instruction.pdf
🔆 Important Buddhist Monasteries in India – Quick Revision
📍 Context
Monasteries are centres of Buddhist learning, home to Sanghas (Orders of Discipline). Monks’ spiritual practices are believed to benefit society by bringing prosperity, protection, and cultural continuity.
🔆 Major Monasteries in India (State-wise)
📍 Ladakh & Jammu–Kashmir
✅ Hemis Monastery – Drukpa lineage; 45 km south of Leh; famous Guru Padmasambhava Festival.
✅ Thiksey Monastery – Gelug sect; 12-storey complex; resembles Potala Palace.
✅ Alchi Gompa – Constructed by Rinchen Zangpo (958–1055 AD).
✅ Phugtal Monastery – Built around a natural cave; accessible only by foot (Zanskar).
✅ Shankar Monastery – Daughter monastery of Spituk; residence of Abbot Kushok Bakula.
✅ Matho Monastery – Saskya order; founded in 16th century near Indus river.
📍 Himachal Pradesh
✅ Tabo Monastery (Spiti) – Founded in 996 CE by Rinchen Zangpo; “Ajanta of the Himalayas”.
✅ Shashur Monastery – Drugpa sect; built in 17th century by Lama Deva Gyatsho.
✅ Kye Gompa – Largest monastery of Spiti; major Lama training centre.
✅ Dhankar Monastery – Built at 3894 m; former capital of Spiti; 2nd highest monastery in the world.
✅ Nako Monastery – Founded in 996 AD by Rinchen Zangpo; among oldest Himalayan monasteries.
📍 Sikkim
✅ Tsuklakhang Monastery – Royal chapel of Sikkim kings; located in Gangtok.
✅ Lingdum Monastery (Ranka) – Follows Zurmang Kagyu tradition.
✅ Rumtek Monastery – Dharmachakra Centre; built under the 12th Karmapa.
✅ Pemayangtse Monastery – Founded in 1647 by Lama Lhatsun Chempo; premier Sikkim monastery.
📍 Arunachal Pradesh
✅ Tawang Monastery – Largest in India; 2nd largest in the world after Potala, Tibet.
📍 Karnataka
✅ Bylakuppe Monastery (Namdroling) – Largest Nyingma teaching centre; 5000+ lamas; includes school, shedra, and hospital.
📍 West Bengal
✅ Ghum Monastery – Established in 1875 by Lama Sherab Gyatso; famous 15-ft Maitreya Buddha statue.
📍 Tibet (for awareness)
✅ Mindrolling Monastery – One of the six great Nyingma monasteries; founded in 1676; located in Shannan Prefecture.
#prelims
#art_and_culture
@studytoday1
@upsc_art_and_culture
📍 Context
Monasteries are centres of Buddhist learning, home to Sanghas (Orders of Discipline). Monks’ spiritual practices are believed to benefit society by bringing prosperity, protection, and cultural continuity.
🔆 Major Monasteries in India (State-wise)
📍 Ladakh & Jammu–Kashmir
✅ Hemis Monastery – Drukpa lineage; 45 km south of Leh; famous Guru Padmasambhava Festival.
✅ Thiksey Monastery – Gelug sect; 12-storey complex; resembles Potala Palace.
✅ Alchi Gompa – Constructed by Rinchen Zangpo (958–1055 AD).
✅ Phugtal Monastery – Built around a natural cave; accessible only by foot (Zanskar).
✅ Shankar Monastery – Daughter monastery of Spituk; residence of Abbot Kushok Bakula.
✅ Matho Monastery – Saskya order; founded in 16th century near Indus river.
📍 Himachal Pradesh
✅ Tabo Monastery (Spiti) – Founded in 996 CE by Rinchen Zangpo; “Ajanta of the Himalayas”.
✅ Shashur Monastery – Drugpa sect; built in 17th century by Lama Deva Gyatsho.
✅ Kye Gompa – Largest monastery of Spiti; major Lama training centre.
✅ Dhankar Monastery – Built at 3894 m; former capital of Spiti; 2nd highest monastery in the world.
✅ Nako Monastery – Founded in 996 AD by Rinchen Zangpo; among oldest Himalayan monasteries.
📍 Sikkim
✅ Tsuklakhang Monastery – Royal chapel of Sikkim kings; located in Gangtok.
✅ Lingdum Monastery (Ranka) – Follows Zurmang Kagyu tradition.
✅ Rumtek Monastery – Dharmachakra Centre; built under the 12th Karmapa.
✅ Pemayangtse Monastery – Founded in 1647 by Lama Lhatsun Chempo; premier Sikkim monastery.
📍 Arunachal Pradesh
✅ Tawang Monastery – Largest in India; 2nd largest in the world after Potala, Tibet.
📍 Karnataka
✅ Bylakuppe Monastery (Namdroling) – Largest Nyingma teaching centre; 5000+ lamas; includes school, shedra, and hospital.
📍 West Bengal
✅ Ghum Monastery – Established in 1875 by Lama Sherab Gyatso; famous 15-ft Maitreya Buddha statue.
📍 Tibet (for awareness)
✅ Mindrolling Monastery – One of the six great Nyingma monasteries; founded in 1676; located in Shannan Prefecture.
#prelims
#art_and_culture
@studytoday1
@upsc_art_and_culture
❤7
#Goodmorning
⏳179 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳269 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳12 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳4 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳235 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://www.tg-me.com/anmolvachan1
⏳179 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳269 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳12 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳4 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳235 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://www.tg-me.com/anmolvachan1
❤2🙏1
🔆National Party Status :
✅Citing the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, which
stipulates criteria for recognition as a national or state party.
✅The ElectionCommission of India (ECI) now recognises six national parties.
🔸Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
🔸Indian National Congress,
🔸Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP),
🔸Communist Party of India (CPI) (Marxist),
🔸National People’s Party (NPP) and
🔸Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).
▪️ How is a Party’s National status decided?
✅ Votes in Lok Sabha (LS), state polls: A party should secure at least 6% of votes
polled in four or more states in LS or assembly elections, and, in addition, have at least four members in LS.
✅ Seats in LS: It should have at least 2% of total Lok Sabha seats and have candidates from not less than three states.
✅ Must be a state party: in at least four states.
▪️Benefits of National Party Status :
✅ Exclusive allotment of its reserved symbol to its candidates throughout India.
✅ Need only one person to propose a candidate’s name to file nominations.
✅ Get broadcast facilities over Akashvani/Doordarshan during general elections.
✅ Can have up to 40-star campaigners while others can have up to 20-star campaigners.
#pre_revision
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
✅Citing the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, which
stipulates criteria for recognition as a national or state party.
✅The ElectionCommission of India (ECI) now recognises six national parties.
🔸Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
🔸Indian National Congress,
🔸Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP),
🔸Communist Party of India (CPI) (Marxist),
🔸National People’s Party (NPP) and
🔸Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).
▪️ How is a Party’s National status decided?
✅ Votes in Lok Sabha (LS), state polls: A party should secure at least 6% of votes
polled in four or more states in LS or assembly elections, and, in addition, have at least four members in LS.
✅ Seats in LS: It should have at least 2% of total Lok Sabha seats and have candidates from not less than three states.
✅ Must be a state party: in at least four states.
▪️Benefits of National Party Status :
✅ Exclusive allotment of its reserved symbol to its candidates throughout India.
✅ Need only one person to propose a candidate’s name to file nominations.
✅ Get broadcast facilities over Akashvani/Doordarshan during general elections.
✅ Can have up to 40-star campaigners while others can have up to 20-star campaigners.
#pre_revision
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
❤11👌1
Attention UPSC Aspirants!
Balancing preparation and earning can be tough. But now, there's a unique freelancing opportunity designed especially for UPSC veterans.
✅ Work online
✅ Earn while you prepare
✅ Flexible hours – Learn and grow at your own pace
If you're looking to stay engaged, productive, and financially independent during your UPSC journey, this is for you.
📩 Apply now by filling this short form:
👉 https://forms.gle/Jxa2vghMgXZCvPVS9
Balancing preparation and earning can be tough. But now, there's a unique freelancing opportunity designed especially for UPSC veterans.
✅ Work online
✅ Earn while you prepare
✅ Flexible hours – Learn and grow at your own pace
If you're looking to stay engaged, productive, and financially independent during your UPSC journey, this is for you.
📩 Apply now by filling this short form:
👉 https://forms.gle/Jxa2vghMgXZCvPVS9
Google Docs
Job Opening for UPSC CSE
Looking for Freelance Work for UPSC CSE? You can fill in the form and we will share your details with the Institutes that have job openings for evaluators', mentors' or content developers' role.
❤1
Forwarded from UPSC PIB NEWS current affairs polity geography science economy government schemes ir prelims mains
doc20251125706001.pdf
1.4 MB
Hamara Samvidhan- Hamara Swabhiman Campaign
❤1
UPSC CSE 2026 .pdf
235.1 KB
🔺️UPSC Prelims Accelerator Program 2.0🔺️
• Daily 9 PM Quiz | 30 MCQs
• Saturday CSAT | Sunday OFF
• UPSC + CDS + CAPF + State PSC PYQs
• Full syllabus schedule included
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☆ ₹899 Pre-enroll | ₹999 Post 10 Dec
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DM -@studytoday_bot
• Daily 9 PM Quiz | 30 MCQs
• Saturday CSAT | Sunday OFF
• UPSC + CDS + CAPF + State PSC PYQs
• Full syllabus schedule included
• MCQs available anytime for revision.
☆ ₹899 Pre-enroll | ₹999 Post 10 Dec
Demo que CLICK HERE
DM -@studytoday_bot
❤2😁1
Gulf of Tonkin:
✅It is referred as “Beibu Gulf”in Chinese and “Bac Bo Gulf” in Vietnamese.
✅It is a crescent-shaped, shallow, semi-enclosed water body situated off South China and Northern Vietnam coasts in the South China Sea’s northwestern portion.
✅Bordering regions: It is bordered by the northern coastline of Vietnam in the west and northwest; by China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the north; and by the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island in the east.
✅It is connected with the South China Sea via the gulf’s mouth in the south and the Hainan Strait in the northeast.
✅Many rivers empty into the Gulf of Tonkin, with the Red River supplying the major riverine discharge along with some smaller rivers along the northern and western coastal areas.
✅Major Ports: In Northern Vietnam, the gulf’s main ports include Haiphong and Ben Thuy, whereas, in China, its major port is Beihai (Pakhoi).
#Places_in_news
#Sea_series
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
✅It is referred as “Beibu Gulf”in Chinese and “Bac Bo Gulf” in Vietnamese.
✅It is a crescent-shaped, shallow, semi-enclosed water body situated off South China and Northern Vietnam coasts in the South China Sea’s northwestern portion.
✅Bordering regions: It is bordered by the northern coastline of Vietnam in the west and northwest; by China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the north; and by the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island in the east.
✅It is connected with the South China Sea via the gulf’s mouth in the south and the Hainan Strait in the northeast.
✅Many rivers empty into the Gulf of Tonkin, with the Red River supplying the major riverine discharge along with some smaller rivers along the northern and western coastal areas.
✅Major Ports: In Northern Vietnam, the gulf’s main ports include Haiphong and Ben Thuy, whereas, in China, its major port is Beihai (Pakhoi).
#Places_in_news
#Sea_series
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
❤8
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 26 NOVEMBER 2025
📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ India ranks 36th in CDI 2025.
✅ Ethiopia’s Hayli Gubbi Volcano erupts after 12,000 years; ash heading toward India.
✅ Antarctic Ozone Hole shrinks — 5th smallest since 1992, closed early.
📍 NATIONAL
✅ Govt announces ₹720 cr Quantum Fabrication Facilities at IIT Bombay (also at IISc, IIT Kanpur, IIT Delhi).
✅ NCW launches 24×7 women’s helpline 14490.
✅ Pellet Plant (240 T/day) inaugurated in Haryana; K2 Bio-Ethanol Plant foundation laid.
✅ Stricter BNCAP 2.0 safety norms; 5-star = 80+ points; feedback till 20 Dec.
✅ India unveils BharatGen multilingual AI model (Bharat-1, Shrutam, Sooktam, Patram).
📍 DEFENCE
✅ Navy commissions INS Mahé, India’s 1st indigenous ASW vessel (Cochin Shipyard); “Silent Hunter”.
📍 MoUs
✅ BEL × Safran to co-manufacture HAMMER weapons.
✅ Lava × Amazon sign Wi-Fi patent licensing pact.
📍 SCHEMES
🔸 UDAN Scheme — Launched 21 Oct 2016; under NCAP 2016.
🔸 Mission Amrit Sarovar — Launched 24 Apr 2022 in Samba (J&K).
📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ Elimination of Violence Against Women Day — 25 Nov.
✅ World COPD Day — 19 Nov.
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Dhruv Shringi → Executive Chairman, Yatra; Siddhartha Gupta → CEO.
✅ Samia Suluhu Hassan → Tanzania President (2nd term).
✅ Sunil Paliwal → Chairman, IWAI.
📍 AWARDS / BOOKS
✅ Army to honour Operation Pawan soldiers (1,171 martyred).
✅ Velemala Simmanana wins LNF Literary Award 2025 (₹2 lakh).
📍 SPORTS
🏆 Khelo India University Games begin in Jaipur; new sports: Canoeing, Kayaking, Cycling, Beach Volleyball.
🏆 India wins Women’s Kabaddi World Cup.
♟️ Badhana Sivanandan wins UK Women’s Blitz Title.
🎾 Italy wins Davis Cup (2–0 vs Spain).
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ India ranks 36th in CDI 2025.
✅ Ethiopia’s Hayli Gubbi Volcano erupts after 12,000 years; ash heading toward India.
✅ Antarctic Ozone Hole shrinks — 5th smallest since 1992, closed early.
📍 NATIONAL
✅ Govt announces ₹720 cr Quantum Fabrication Facilities at IIT Bombay (also at IISc, IIT Kanpur, IIT Delhi).
✅ NCW launches 24×7 women’s helpline 14490.
✅ Pellet Plant (240 T/day) inaugurated in Haryana; K2 Bio-Ethanol Plant foundation laid.
✅ Stricter BNCAP 2.0 safety norms; 5-star = 80+ points; feedback till 20 Dec.
✅ India unveils BharatGen multilingual AI model (Bharat-1, Shrutam, Sooktam, Patram).
📍 DEFENCE
✅ Navy commissions INS Mahé, India’s 1st indigenous ASW vessel (Cochin Shipyard); “Silent Hunter”.
📍 MoUs
✅ BEL × Safran to co-manufacture HAMMER weapons.
✅ Lava × Amazon sign Wi-Fi patent licensing pact.
📍 SCHEMES
🔸 UDAN Scheme — Launched 21 Oct 2016; under NCAP 2016.
🔸 Mission Amrit Sarovar — Launched 24 Apr 2022 in Samba (J&K).
📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ Elimination of Violence Against Women Day — 25 Nov.
✅ World COPD Day — 19 Nov.
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Dhruv Shringi → Executive Chairman, Yatra; Siddhartha Gupta → CEO.
✅ Samia Suluhu Hassan → Tanzania President (2nd term).
✅ Sunil Paliwal → Chairman, IWAI.
📍 AWARDS / BOOKS
✅ Army to honour Operation Pawan soldiers (1,171 martyred).
✅ Velemala Simmanana wins LNF Literary Award 2025 (₹2 lakh).
📍 SPORTS
🏆 Khelo India University Games begin in Jaipur; new sports: Canoeing, Kayaking, Cycling, Beach Volleyball.
🏆 India wins Women’s Kabaddi World Cup.
♟️ Badhana Sivanandan wins UK Women’s Blitz Title.
🎾 Italy wins Davis Cup (2–0 vs Spain).
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
❤10
#Goodmorning
⏳178 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳268 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳11 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳3 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳234 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://www.tg-me.com/anmolvachan1
⏳178 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳268 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳11 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳3 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳234 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://www.tg-me.com/anmolvachan1
🔆 Status of Custodial Deaths in India
📍 Key Facts
✅ 1,754 custodial deaths in prisons in 2023 — SC’s Centre for Research and Planning
✅ 1,237 enquiries pending in district courts for over a year (2023)
✅ India signed the UN Convention Against Torture (UNCAT) in 1997, but has not ratified it
#mains
https://www.tg-me.com/CSE_EXAM
📍 Key Facts
✅ 1,754 custodial deaths in prisons in 2023 — SC’s Centre for Research and Planning
✅ 1,237 enquiries pending in district courts for over a year (2023)
✅ India signed the UN Convention Against Torture (UNCAT) in 1997, but has not ratified it
#mains
https://www.tg-me.com/CSE_EXAM
❤4👍1👌1
🔆 Zinc-Ion Batteries (ZIBs) — Key Facts
📍 What Are They?
✅ Rechargeable batteries using zinc ions (Zn²⁺) for charge transfer.
✅ Emerging alternative to lithium-ion due to cost, safety, and sustainability.
📍 How They Work
✅ Anode: Metallic zinc → releases Zn²⁺ during discharge
✅ Cathode: Manganese/vanadium oxides → intercalate zinc ions
✅ Electrolyte: Aqueous zinc-salt solution
👉 Discharge: Zn → Zn²⁺ (moves to cathode)
👉 Charge: Zn²⁺ moves back + plates as metallic Zn
📍 Advantages of ZIBs
✅ Low-cost: Zinc is abundant & cheap
✅ High safety: Water-based electrolyte → no fire/explosion risk
✅ Environment-friendly: Fewer toxic by-products
✅ High volumetric energy density: Stores more energy in compact size
✅ Long cycle life: Modern ZIBs last thousands of cycles with low degradation
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
📍 What Are They?
✅ Rechargeable batteries using zinc ions (Zn²⁺) for charge transfer.
✅ Emerging alternative to lithium-ion due to cost, safety, and sustainability.
📍 How They Work
✅ Anode: Metallic zinc → releases Zn²⁺ during discharge
✅ Cathode: Manganese/vanadium oxides → intercalate zinc ions
✅ Electrolyte: Aqueous zinc-salt solution
👉 Discharge: Zn → Zn²⁺ (moves to cathode)
👉 Charge: Zn²⁺ moves back + plates as metallic Zn
📍 Advantages of ZIBs
✅ Low-cost: Zinc is abundant & cheap
✅ High safety: Water-based electrolyte → no fire/explosion risk
✅ Environment-friendly: Fewer toxic by-products
✅ High volumetric energy density: Stores more energy in compact size
✅ Long cycle life: Modern ZIBs last thousands of cycles with low degradation
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
❤5
Geography Enrichment (GEO 300+) cum Test Series | Mains 2026 Program | Batch Starts:1st December
Component 1:
☘️ Revise Syllabus with 300+ Qs
☘️ Based upon PYQ & Current Affair Themes
☘️ 50+ Enrichment Sessions
☘️ Integration of Thinkers, Case Studies etc
☘️ Hand written model answers
Component 2:
👉10 Sectional & 4 Full Length Tests
👉 Handwritten Model Answers
👉 Personalised mentorship by Shikha Ma’am.
👉 Guaranteed Evaluation in 3-4 Days
[CLICK HERE - HEAR OUT LOUD from AIR 67 - Farkhanda Qureshi]
👉Demo classes GEO 300+
Session 1
Session 2
Session 3
Register at: https://www.sunyaias.com/subscription-details/geography-enrichment-program-geo-300-2026-24-november
For Queries, Call us at 9311082312 or fill the form at: https://forms.gle/dqijMWGvTa3BCU3N6
Component 1:
☘️ Revise Syllabus with 300+ Qs
☘️ Based upon PYQ & Current Affair Themes
☘️ 50+ Enrichment Sessions
☘️ Integration of Thinkers, Case Studies etc
☘️ Hand written model answers
Component 2:
👉10 Sectional & 4 Full Length Tests
👉 Handwritten Model Answers
👉 Personalised mentorship by Shikha Ma’am.
👉 Guaranteed Evaluation in 3-4 Days
[CLICK HERE - HEAR OUT LOUD from AIR 67 - Farkhanda Qureshi]
👉Demo classes GEO 300+
Session 1
Session 2
Session 3
Register at: https://www.sunyaias.com/subscription-details/geography-enrichment-program-geo-300-2026-24-november
For Queries, Call us at 9311082312 or fill the form at: https://forms.gle/dqijMWGvTa3BCU3N6
❤1