Major Indus Valley Civilization Sites

🔺️UPSC Prelims Accelerator Program 2.0🔺️

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🗞 Prelims 2026 starts now!!!

🆕First Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 27 NOVEMBER 2025

📍 BANKING & ECONOMY
✅ NBFC borrowings to hit $750 bn by FY27 – 13% CAGR; market funding ↑ to 64%.
✅ BHIM launches UPI Circle Delegation – secondary user can make payments; limit ₹15,000/month.
✅ India H1 FY26 GDP: 7.6% (ICICI).
✅ Ind-Ra raises FY26 forecast to 7%.
✅ SIB launches ‘Power CONSOL’ – single EMI for multiple loans.
✅ IDFC FIRST Bank–FPSB MoU for financial planning upskilling.
✅ RCMS Bank wins Best Profit-Making Cooperative Bank (Belagavi).

📍 NATIONAL AFFAIRS
✅ Pune Metro Phase-2 approved – 31.6 km, ₹9,857.85 cr.
✅ Vision for Sujalam Bharat Summit (28–29 Nov) – water, sanitation, groundwater reforms.
✅ Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill – Chandigarh to be brought under Article 240.
✅ ₹7,280-cr Rare Earth Magnet Scheme – India to build 6,000 MTPA REPM capacity.

📍 CULTURE / EVENTS
✅ PM releases stamp & coin on Guru Tegh Bahadur – 350th Shaheedi Diwas.

📍 FILMS & MEDIA
✅ India’s first AI Film Festival at IFFI – winners:
• Nagori (Craft Master)
• The Cinema That Never Was (Craft Vanguard)
• Kyra (Craft Spectra)

📍 AYUSH / RESEARCH
✅ CCRAS launches SIDDHI 2.0 – boosts innovation in Ayurveda pharma.

📍 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
✅ 10th APDIM Session – theme: Inclusive Disaster Risk Data Governance.

📍 DEFENCE
✅ PM inaugurates Safran Aircraft Engine MRO facility – Hyderabad; 300 LEAP engines/year.

📍 MoUs
✅ Gavi–UNICEF malaria vaccine deal – price cut to $2.99; 30M extra doses globally.

📍 TECH & STARTUPS
✅ Google + Accel to fund Indian AI startups – up to $2M each.

📍 SPORTS BUSINESS
✅ Asian Paints becomes official BCCI partner (₹45 cr).

📍 SCHEMES
✅ PM Surya Ghar milestone – 10 lakh solar homes; ₹4,770 cr subsidy disbursed.

📍 EDUCATION
✅ YUVA 3.0 – mentorship scheme for young authors under 30.

📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ National Milk Day – 26 Nov
✅ NCC Raising Day – 23 Nov

📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Rohit Sharma – Brand Ambassador for ICC T20 World Cup 2026.

📍 OBITUARIES
✅ Viola Ford Fletcher (111) – Tulsa Race Massacre survivor.
✅ ‘Gramma’ tortoise dies at 141.

📍 SCIENCE & TECH
✅ Russia launches undisclosed military satellites via Angara-1.2 from Plesetsk.

#CurrentAffairs

https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

🔆 Hayli Gubbi Volcano Eruption — Ethiopia

✅ Ethiopia’s long-dormant Hayli Gubbi volcano erupted for the first time in 12,000+ years
✅ Massive ash cloud spread across Red Sea & South Asia, reaching India and causing flight diversions

🔆 About Volcanic Eruptions

📍 Meaning
✅ Expulsion of gases, rock fragments, molten lava through a vent onto Earth’s surface or into the atmosphere

📍 How Eruptions Happen
✅ Mantle’s asthenosphere allows magma to rise
✅ Dissolved gases expand → pressure builds → magma pushes through cracks/fissures → eruption

📍 Key Eruption Materials
✅ Lava (magma reaching surface)
✅ Pyroclastic debris, volcanic bombs, ash, dust
✅ Gases: nitrogen compounds, sulphur compounds, etc.

📍 Recent Incidents
✅ Sabancaya (Peru, 2025)
✅ Ruang (Indonesia, 2025)
✅ Kilauea (USA, 2024)
✅ Etna (Italy, 2025)

📍 Consequences
✅ Positive: info on Earth’s interior, geothermal energy, temporary atmospheric cooling
✅ Negative: air pollution, acid rain, seismic disturbances, property & life loss.

#places_in_news

https://www.tg-me.com/Mapping_prelims_mains

Water Input and Output, Agriculture.

Cgpsc prelims 22 Feb

https://www.tg-me.com/CSE_EXAM

🔆 State Mining Readiness Index (SMRI)

📍 Who Released It?
✅ Ministry of Mines

📍 What It Measures
✅ Tracks States’ role in developing the mining sector
✅ Evaluates:
• Auction performance
• Early operationalization
• Exploration thrust
• Sustainable mining (non-coal minerals)

📍 State Categories & Top Performers
✅ Category A: Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat
✅ Category B: Goa, Uttar Pradesh, Assam
✅ Category C: Punjab, Uttarakhand, Tripura

#GS3

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Geography Enrichment (GEO 300+) cum Test Series | Mains 2026 Program | Batch Starts:1st December

Component 1:
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Component 2:
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👉 Handwritten Model Answers
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🔆 Arabian Sea Mini Warm Pool (MWP)

📍 Current Finding
✅ Arabian Sea Mini Warm Pool acts as a self-correcting mechanism, helping the monsoon recover after an El Niño-induced disruption.

📍 About MWP
✅ Small patch of unusually warm SSTs in the SE Arabian Sea (near Kerala coast)
✅ A warm pool = water body with SST > 28.5°C, strongly influencing weather & climate
✅ Forms every year during April–May, just before the Indian Summer Monsoon

#Geography

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🔆 Bodhisattva in Buddhism

📍 Core Idea
✅ Bodhisattvas = enlightened beings who delay Nirvana to help others.
✅ Central to Mahayana Buddhism.

📍 Theravāda vs Mahāyāna View
✅ Theravāda: Rare; an individual who vows to become a Buddha (focus on Arhatship).
✅ Mahayana: Ideal path; all beings possess Buddha-nature and can become Buddhas.

🔆 Major Bodhisattvas — Key One-Liners

📍 Avalokitesvara
✅ Compassion; Padmapani; Dalai Lama = incarnation.

📍 Manjusri
✅ Wisdom; sword + Prajnaparamita book.

📍 Vajrapani
✅ Power & protection; holds vajra.

📍 Maitreya
✅ Future Buddha; embodiment of Maitri.

📍 Ksitigarbha
✅ Protects beings in hell realms.

📍 Samantabhadra
✅ Meditation, practice, vows.

📍 Akasagarbha
✅ Infinite wisdom; purification.

📍 Tara
✅ Female Bodhisattva of compassion; swift savior.

📍 Vasudhara
✅ Wealth, prosperity, abundance.

📍 Skanda
✅ Guardian of monasteries & Dharma.

📍 Sitatapatra
✅ Protection from supernatural harm.

📍 Sarvanivarana-Vishkambhin
✅ Removes mental obstacles.

📍 Amitabha
✅ Infinite light & salvation; Pure Land Buddhism.

📍 Dipankara
✅ Buddha before Gautama; future Buddha = Maitreya.

🔆 Four Virtues (Brahmavihāras)
✅ Maitri: Loving-kindness
✅ Karuna: Compassion
✅ Mudita: Joy in others’ joy
✅ Upeksha: Equanimity

🔆 Paramitas (10 Perfections)
✅ Dana: Generosity
✅ Sila: Morality
✅ Nishkama: Renunciation
✅ Prajna: Wisdom
✅ Virya: Effort
✅ Ksanti: Patience
✅ Satya: Truthfulness
✅ Adhithana: Determination
✅ Maitri: Friendliness
✅ Upeksha: Equanimity

🔆 Pancha Paramesthi (Jainism Counterpart)
✅ Arihants: Destroy inner vices
✅ Siddhas: Liberated souls
✅ Acharyas: Heads of monastic orders
✅ Upadhyayas: Teachers of scriptures
✅ Monks/Saints: Follow strict vows

🔆 Buddhism vs Jainism

📍 Followers
✅ Buddhism: Sangha-led
✅ Jainism: Lay + monks both key

📍 Path to Salvation
✅ Buddhism: Middle Path
✅ Jainism: Severe asceticism

📍 Spread
✅ Buddhism: Spread widely
✅ Jainism: Mostly stayed in India

📍 Women
✅ Buddhism: Later admitted
✅ Jainism: More liberal

📍 Soul
✅ Buddhism: No permanent soul (Anatta)
✅ Jainism: Soul exists (Jiva)

📍 Ahimsa
✅ Buddhism: Practical compassion
✅ Jainism: Strict non-violence

📍 Scriptures
✅ Buddhism: Pali, Sanskrit
✅ Jainism: Prakrit, Ardha-Magadhi

📍 Philosophy
✅ Buddhism: Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path
✅ Jainism: Three Jewels

📍 Rituals
✅ Buddhism: Minimal
✅ Jainism: Rituals accepted

📍 Deities
✅ Buddhism: No creator God
✅ Jainism: No creator God; divine beings exist

#history #prelims #mains

Join https://www.tg-me.com/CSE_EXAM https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_history

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 28 NOVEMBER 2025

📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ CEC Gyanesh Kumar to chair International IDEA from 3 Dec 2025 (Stockholm).
✅ UNSC & UNGA adopt twin resolutions for 2025 Peacebuilding Architecture Review.

📍 NATIONAL
✅ India’s Kharif foodgrain output to hit 173.33 MT (record estimate).
✅ India–UAE CEPA meet: bilateral trade crosses $100.06 bn (+19.6%).
✅ NTTM unveils India’s first scientific model for recycling national flags & aramid fibres.
✅ PM to inaugurate Skyroot’s Infinity Campus (Hyderabad) & unveil Vikram-I orbital rocket.
✅ Centre clears ₹305-cr Tex-RAMPS scheme for textile research & innovation.
✅ India Internet Governance Forum (IIGF) 2025 held on 27–28 Nov in New Delhi.
✅ Rooftop solar installs up 161% – 4.9 GW (Jan–Sept 2025); PM Surya Ghar drives 73% Q3 installs.
✅ Cyclone Ditwah alert for TN–AP–Puducherry coasts; heavy rainfall expected till 1 Dec.

📍 DEFENCE
✅ President Murmu inaugurates ‘Chanakya Defence Dialogue 2025’ – Theme: Reform to Transform: Sashakt, Surakshit aur Viksit Bharat.

📍 STATES
✅ Punjab declares Anandpur Sahib, Talwandi Sabo & Golden Temple Galiara as holy cities (ban on liquor/meat/tobacco).
✅ Andhra Pradesh adds 3 new districts — Polavaram, Markapuram, Madanapalle → total now 29.

📍 SCHEMES
✅ Palna Scheme (Mission Shakti) – childcare for 6 months–6 years; 60:40, 90:10, 100% funding variants.
✅ PM Internship Scheme (PMIS) – 1 crore paid internships; 12-month duration; portal launched 2025.

📍 IMPORTANT DAY
✅ World Conjoined Twins Day – 24 November.

📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Ramprasad Sridharan appointed MD, PUMA India.

📍 AWARDS
✅ International Emmy Awards 2025:
• Best TV Movie/Mini-Series – Lost Boys and Fairies (UK)
• Best Actor – Oriol Pla
• Best Actress – Anna Maxwell Martin
• Best Drama – Rivals (UK)
• Best Documentary – Hell Jumper (UK)

📍 SCIENCE & TECH
✅ NASA’s Perseverance detects ‘mini-lightning’ — first proof of electrical discharges on Mars.


📍 SPORTS
✅ India to host 2030 Commonwealth Games – Ahmedabad confirmed as host city.
✅ ICC Men’s T20 World Cup 2026 → Host: India; Final at Narendra Modi Stadium.
✅ India finishes 3rd at ISSF Rifle/Pistol World Championship 2025 – 13 medals (3G, 6S, 4B).
✅ Javokhir Sindarov becomes youngest FIDE World Cup Champion.

#CurrentAffairs

https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

Ahmedabad (Gujarat)
✅Ahmedabad the host city for the 2030 Centenary
Commonwealth Games.
✅Location & Geography: Sabarmati River bank
✅ It is Gujarat’s commercial capital while Gandhinagar is the administrative capital.
✅ India’s 1st UNESCO Heritage City; hosted G20 Sherpa & Culture tracks (2023).

#Goodmorning

⏳176 days  left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳266 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]

⏳8 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳ tomorrow CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳232 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳85 days CGPSC prelims 22 February

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

https://www.tg-me.com/anmolvachan1

🔆 NASA’s ESCAPADE Mission: Key Facts

📍 Recent Update
✅ ESCAPADE spacecraft launched aboard Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket, marking a major milestone in NASA’s Mars exploration programme.

📍 About ESCAPADE Mission
✅ Full form: Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers.
✅ A twin-spacecraft mission to study Mars’ plasma environment.

📍 Objectives
✅ Investigate how solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment.
✅ Understand how these interactions drive atmospheric escape, a key reason Mars lost most of its air and water.
✅ Map the structure, dynamics, and energy transfer within Mars’ magnetosphere.

📍 Mars’ Magnetic Environment
✅ Mars does not have a global magnetic field like Earth.
✅ Its magnetosphere is formed from:
• Residual crustal magnetic fields from an ancient molten core
• A weak magnetic field in the upper atmosphere
➡️ This makes Mars highly vulnerable to solar wind stripping.

📍 Conclusion
✅ ESCAPADE will help explain how Mars became cold and barren, improving understanding of planetary evolution and habitability.

#Geography

https://www.tg-me.com/Mapping_prelims_mains