🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 20 NOVEMBER 2025

📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ QS Sustainability Rankings 2026 released.
Top 3:
1. Lund University (Sweden)
2. University of Toronto (Canada)
3. University College London (UK)
➡️ 103 Indian universities featured.
✅ India ranks 4th globally in total representation — behind US (210), China (163), UK (109).
✅ UNEP’s Methane Status Report 2025 warns of rising global emissions.
• Methane emissions (2020): 352 million tonnes
• Projected (2030, current policies): 369 million tonnes
• Global goal: 30% reduction from 2020 levels by 2030
✅ “Parasocial” named Cambridge Dictionary’s Word of the Year 2025.
✅ India drops 13 places in CCPI 2026, now ranked 23rd.
• CCPI assesses 63 countries + EU on GHG emissions, renewables, energy use & climate policy.
✅ TRST01 launches AI–Blockchain Climate Governance Platform at COP30.
• Platform: PAIP — Paris Agreement Integrated Platform
• Malawi = first to adopt PAIP.

📍 NATIONAL
✅ Centre launches ASHA, an AI platform for PDS feedback.
Also launched:
• Bhandaaran 360 (CWC EPR system)
• Smart EXIM Warehouse System (CWC)
• ANNA DARPAN (FCI)
• ASHA Citizen Feedback System
• Launch of Steel Silo Complex at Malout, Punjab
✅ India updates industrial classification with NIC 2025 after 17 years.
• Released by MoSPI at Udaipur during NSS 75th anniversary.
• Introduces new 6-digit coding, replacing old 5-digit NIC 2008.
✅ India re-elected to Codex Executive Committee (Asia) till 2027.
• Codex formed in 1963 by FAO–WHO; 189 members.
• India joined in 1964.
✅ INTACH launches landmark project Gaja-Lok to document cultural, ecological & climate-linked significance of Asian elephants.
✅ Piyush Goyal launches Trade Intelligence & Analytics Portal—a transparent, data-driven trade ecosystem.
✅ Health Minister JP Nadda launches National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2.0.

📍 MoUs
✅ C-DOT × Andhra Pradesh Govt partner under Amaravati Quantum Valley Initiative.
✅ AIM × CFA Institute India forge strategic partnership.

📍 STATES
✅ Telangana launches MeeSeva on WhatsApp for citizen services.
✅ Iceland & UK named partner countries for Hornbill Festival 2025 (Nagaland).
✅ Kolkata to host 5th International Choir Poetry Festival.

📍 SCHEMES
✅ PM Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY)
• Budget Outlay: ₹6,520 crore
• Projects Approved: 1,601
• Processing & Preservation Capacity: 255.66 lakh MT/year

📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ World Toilet Day — 19 Nov
✅ World Fisheries Day — 21 Nov
✅ International Men’s Day — 19 Nov
✅ 8th Naturopathy Day — 18 Nov
✅ World COPD Day — 19 Nov (3rd Wednesday of November)

📍 AWARDS
✅ India’s IDEX Startup wins Robotics Challenge at Dubai Airshow 2025.
✅ Sonali S. Jeet Iyengar honoured with Lifetime Achievement Award 2025.
✅ Lateef Khan conferred Maulana Azad National Award 2025.
✅ Amala Ashok Riju wins Ramoji Excellence Award 2025.
✅ TVS Motor Chairman Emeritus Venu Srinivasan receives CII Quality Ratna Award.

#CurrentAffairs

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🔆 Food Waste Breakthrough

📍 Essentials
✅ Launched at COP30 (Belém) under the Marrakech Partnership.
✅ Aims to halve global food waste by 2030.
✅ Targets up to 7% methane reduction.
✅ Backed by GEF: US$3 million.
✅ Champions: Brazil, Japan, UK + global cities & partners.

🔆 खाद्य अपशिष्ट में क्रांतिकारी बदलाव

📍 मुख्य बातें
✅ माराकेच पार्टनरशिप के तहत COP30 (बेलम) में लॉन्च किया गया।
✅ 2030 तक वैश्विक खाद्य अपशिष्ट को आधा करने का लक्ष्य।
✅ 7% तक मीथेन उत्सर्जन में कमी का लक्ष्य।
✅ GEF: 3 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर द्वारा समर्थित।
✅ प्रमुख समर्थक: ब्राजील, जापान, यूके + वैश्विक शहर और साझेदार।

#environment #currentaffairs

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🔆 Suicide Data Report 2023 — Key Highlights

📍 Trends
✅ Total suicides increased by 0.3% in 2023 vs 2022.
✅ Suicide rate decreased by 0.8%, indicating slower population-adjusted growth.
✅ Cities continue to show higher suicide rates than the national average.

📍 State Rankings
✅ Highest suicide rate: A&N Islands > Sikkim > Kerala.
✅ Highest share of total suicides:
• Maharashtra
• Tamil Nadu
• Madhya Pradesh
• Karnataka
• West Bengal

📍 Demographic Pattern
✅ Male : Female = 72.8 : 27.2 — males form the vast majority.

📍 Major Causes
1. Family Problems – 31.9%
2. Illness – 19.0%
3. Drug/Alcohol Addiction – 7.0%
4. Marriage Related Issues – 5.3%
5. Love Affairs – 4.7%
6. Bankruptcy/Indebtedness – 3.8%
7. Unemployment – 1.8%
8. Failure in Examination – 1.4%

📍 Farmer Suicides
✅ 10,786 deaths (6.3% of total suicides).
✅ Zero farmer suicides reported from:
West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa.

📍 Initiatives to Prevent Suicides
✅ National Suicide Prevention Strategy (2022): Reduce suicide mortality by 10% by 2030.
✅ Tele-MANAS: 24×7, free tele–mental health helpline.
✅ NMHP: Decentralised, accessible mental healthcare services.
✅ Manodarpan: Psychosocial support for students, teachers, and families.

#GS1 #GS2 #GS4
#mains

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 21 NOVEMBER 2025

📍 BANKING & FINANCE
✅ HDFC Bank becomes India’s Most Valued Brand 2025 ($44.9 bn), overtakes TCS.
— 377% rise since 2014; 103 Indian brands in Top 100 list.
✅ Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana deposits cross ₹3.25 lakh crore; 4+ crore accounts.
— Interest: 8.2%, EEE tax status, tenure 21 years.

📍 POSTAL / DIGITAL PAYMENTS
✅ India Post opens first Gen-Z themed post office at IIT Delhi — Wi-Fi zones, graffiti walls, QR-based booking.
Part of revamp of 46 campus post offices.

📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ World Urbanisation Prospects 2025 (UN):
— India + 6 nations will add 500 million new city residents by 2050.
— Mega-cities to rise to 37 by 2050.
✅ Turkey to host COP31 (2026) after Australia withdrew bid.
✅ World’s Best Cities 2026:
— Bengaluru #29, Mumbai #40, Delhi #54, Hyderabad #82.

📍 NATIONAL

🎬 IFFI 2025 (Goa)
✅ Goa hosts 56th International Film Festival of India (20–28 Nov).
— Country of Focus: Japan
— Partner Country: Spain
— Spotlight: Australia
— 240+ films from 81 countries.

✈ Aerospace
✅ IAM Bengaluru hosts 64th ISAM Conference; theme: “Infinite Possibilities in Aerospace Medicine”.

🌍 G20 Summit
✅ PM Modi to attend 20th G20 Summit (21–23 Nov) in South Africa + IBSA meet.

🚽 Swachh Bharat
✅ India builds 11 crore toilets; new campaigns launched: Toilet Paas Hai, Main Saaf Hi Achha Hoon, Swachh Aadatein.

🧪 S&T & Health
✅ BARC launches ColoNoX wound dressing for diabetic ulcers + BARC-B1401 rare-earth reference material.

🇷🇺 India–Russia
✅ India opens new consulates in Yekaterinburg & Kazan to deepen economic/scientific cooperation.

📊 Economy
✅ Eight Core Industries Index (ICI) (Oct 2025): 162.4 (no YoY growth).
— Growth in: fertilizer, steel, cement, petroleum refinery products.

🌾 Agriculture
✅ Govt introduces new PMFBY modalities — wild animal attack cover + restored paddy inundation cover.

📍 DEFENCE
🪖 Indian Army
✅ Army secures IPR for new digital-print combat coat (Filed: 27 Feb 2025).
🇮🇳 Defence Production
✅ India records highest-ever defence production: ₹1.54 lakh crore (2024–25).
Exports: ₹23,622 crore.
🇺🇸 US–India Defence Deal
✅ US approves $93 million arms package (Javelin missiles + Excalibur rounds).

📍 MoUs
✅ Oil India × TotalEnergies — deep-sea exploration cooperation.
✅ IICT × YouTube — Create with AI program to boost AVGC-XR skilling.
✅ CSIR-IGIB × Serum Institute — indigenous gene-editing therapies.
✅ DRDO × France DGA — defence R&D cooperation.

📍 SCHEMES
🏙 Smart Cities Mission — 10 Years
— 8,067 projects | 94% completed | Investment: ₹1.64 lakh crore.
— 7,555 projects completed.

📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ World Children’s Day — 20 Nov (Theme: My Day, My Rights)
✅ World Philosophy Day — 20 Nov

📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Sandeep Pradhan appointed Whole-Time Member, SEBI.
✅ Nitish Kumar sworn in as Bihar CM for record 10th time.

📍 AWARDS
✅ Meerut Bugle gets GI Tag.
✅ Ex-Chile President Michelle Bachelet receives Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2024.
✅ Leonardo DiCaprio to get Desert Palm Achievement Award (Palm Springs Film Festival 2026).

📍 SCIENCE & TECH
✅ NASA to release new images of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS (8+ billion years old).

📍 SPORTS
✅ Zimbabwe × Namibia to jointly host ICC U-19 Cricket World Cup 2026 (15 Jan – 6 Feb).

#CurrentAffairs

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🔆 Landslides : Key Facts

📍 What is a Landslide?
A mass movement of rock, soil, or debris down a slope under the force of gravity.

📍 India’s Vulnerability
✅ 12.6% of India’s land is landslide-prone (ISRO Landslide Atlas 2023).
✅ 75%+ of this falls in the Himalayan region.

📍 Why the Himalayas Are Highly Vulnerable

🔹 Natural Factors
• Young, unstable mountains formed by India–Eurasia collision → fractured rocks, active faults.
• Heavy monsoon rainfall, cloudbursts & snowmelt reduce slope stability.
• Climate change → more extreme rainfall events.
• Seismic activity, steep slopes, poor drainage, flash floods worsen instability.

🔹 Human-Induced Factors
• Unplanned construction: road cutting, tunnelling, slope undercutting.
• Deforestation, urbanisation, mining → disrupt natural drainage.
• Encroachments on fragile slopes increase risk.

📍 NDMA Landslide Management Guidelines
✅ Hazard Mapping – identify & map vulnerable zones.
✅ Multi-hazard Planning – integrate landslides into district/state disaster plans.
✅ Early Warning Systems – real-time sensors & rainfall thresholds for alerts.
✅ Preparedness & Response – coordination among scientists, NDRF, paramilitary & local bodies.
✅ Capacity Building & Awareness – training, community education.
✅ Legal & Institutional Framework – for landslide risk reduction and knowledge sharing.

#mains #GS1 #geography

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🔆 PM Pays Tribute to Freedom Fighters Tiruppur Kumaran & Subramaniya Siva

📍 Introduction
On their birth anniversary, the Prime Minister honoured Tiruppur Kumaran and Subramaniya Siva, two inspiring leaders of Tamil Nadu’s freedom struggle.

📍 About Tiruppur Kumaran (1904–1932)
✅ Born in a weaver family near Erode, Tamil Nadu.
✅ Founded the Desa Bandhu Youth Association.
✅ Deeply inspired by Gandhian non-violent civil disobedience.
✅ Participated in several protests against British rule.
✅ Martyred while holding the National Flag, earning the title Kumaran who died with the flag in his hand.

📍 About Subramaniya Siva (1884–1925)
✅ Born in Dindigul (Madurai), Tamil Nadu.
✅ Freedom fighter, writer, and fiery orator.
✅ Actively took part in the Non-Cooperation Movement, influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and V.O. Chidambaram Pillai.
✅ Authored works such as Ramanuja Vijayam and Madhva Vijayam.

#history

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2 page oct current affairs

Sept click here

Government Makes the Four Labour Codes effective to Simplify and Streamline Labour Laws

https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=2192463

Labour codes

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