Combined Geo-Scientist (Preliminary) Examination, 2026

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 22 NOVEMBER 2025

📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ UNICEF Report: “State of the World’s Children 2025: Ending Child Poverty – Our Shared Imperative”
— 400 million children globally deprived in ≥2 critical areas.
— Released on World Children’s Day (20 Nov 2025).
— India’s child population: ~460 million (under 18).
✅ 72 Nations sign landmark UN Convention Against Cybercrime in Hanoi.
✅ Larry Page becomes world’s 3rd richest (Net worth: $238.5 bn).
✅ India + 6 nations to add 500 million new city residents by 2050 (UN).
✅ Turkey to host COP31 (2026) after Australia withdraws.
✅ World’s Best Cities 2026
— London (UK) – 1st
— New York (USA) – 2nd
— Paris (France) – 3rd
— Two Asian cities in Top 10.

📍 NATIONAL
✅ IndianOil sends first-ever LNG export to Nepal.
✅ 7th Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) NSA Meet begins in New Delhi (20 Nov).
— Members: India, Maldives, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh
— New Member: Seychelles (6th Member State)
— Guest Country: Malaysia
— Hosted by NSA Ajit Doval.
✅ Hyderabad to host Inaugural Earth Summit 2025–26 on rural innovation.
— Organisers: NABARD × IAMAI
✅ Ministry of Jal Shakti launches “Hamaraa Shauchalaya, Hamaraa Bhavishya” campaign (World Toilet Day 2025).
— Other campaigns: Toilet Paas Hai, Main Saaf Hi Achha Hoon.
✅ NITI Aayog Report on Water Budgeting for Aspirational Blocks + SOI signed with CFA Institute India.
✅ Four Labour Codes come into force — reforming 29 existing laws (Effective: 21 Nov 2025).

📍 DEFENCE
🇺🇸 US approves $93 million defence sale to India:
1. Javelin Anti-Tank Missile Package – $45.7 mn
2. Excalibur Precision Artillery Rounds – included in package
Purpose: Strengthen India’s precision strike capability.

📍 MoUs
✅ Uber × Sulabh International — cleaner toilets initiative across 9 cities.
✅ India × Israel sign Terms of Reference to begin FTA negotiations.
✅ GeM × UN Women — partnership to boost women entrepreneurs.
✅ BSL × DRDO — agreement to produce military-grade steel.
✅ Samsung × UN Global Compact India launch “DigiPrav”
— Objective: Strengthen STEM learning & digital education in Tamil Nadu.

📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ World Television Day 2025 — 21 Nov
✅ National Philosophy Day 2025 — 20 Nov
✅ World AMR Awareness Week (WAAW) — 18–24 Nov
✅ Women’s Entrepreneurship Day 2025 — 19 Nov

📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Govt appoints Sandeep Pradhan as Whole-Time Member, SEBI.

📍 AWARDS
✅ Rabih Alameddine & Patricia Smith crowned at National Book Awards 2025.
✅ Roger Federer inducted into International Tennis Hall of Fame.

📍 SCIENCE & TECH
✅ Govt creates ESSC by merging five major Earth Science institutes.
✅ India launches first indigenous CRISPR therapy for Sickle Cell Disease — “BIRSA 101”.
✅ NASA × SpaceX launch Sentinel-6B satellite to monitor Earth’s oceans.

📍 SPORTS
🥊 World Boxing Cup Finals: Minakshi, Preeti, Arundhati, Nupur win gold for India.
♟️ Sarayu Velpula (Telangana) becomes India’s 26th Woman Grandmaster.

#CurrentAffairs

https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

🔆 ASHA AI Platform – Boosting Transparency in PDS

📍 Introduction
The Government of India has launched the ASHA AI Platform to improve efficiency, transparency, and grievance redressal in the Public Distribution System (PDS).

📍 What is ASHA?
✅ Anna Sahayata Holistic AI Solution – an AI-based feedback & monitoring system for PDS.
✅ Launched by the Union Ministry of Food & Public Distribution.
✅ Developed with the Wadhwani Foundation, supported by India AI Mission and Bhashini.

📍 Key Features
✅ AI-enabled automated calls to beneficiaries in their preferred language.
✅ Collects feedback on:
• Whether full ration entitlement was received
• Quality of foodgrains
• Issues at Fair Price Shops
✅ Powered by:
• Multilingual translation
• Sentiment analysis
• Automated grievance classification
• Real-time dashboards for administrators

📍 Impact
✅ Reaches ~20 lakh beneficiaries/month.
✅ Enables faster grievance redressal, improved monitoring & reduced leakages.
✅ Enhances accountability in PDS operations across India.

📍 Conclusion
ASHA strengthens India’s PDS by combining AI + multilingual feedback + real-time governance, ensuring more transparent and citizen-centric service delivery.

#goverment_schemes

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@upsc_government_scheme

🔆 Radio Galaxies & Twin Radio Galaxies (TRGs)

📍 Introduction
Researchers have successfully recreated the complex structure of Twin Radio Galaxies (TRGs), offering new insights into the physics of relativistic jets emitted by their supermassive black holes.

📍 What are Radio Galaxies?
✅ Galaxies emitting powerful radio waves, far brighter than normal galaxies.
✅ Their radio power comes from giant plasma lobes extending beyond visible stars.

📍 How They Work
✅ At the centre lies an AGN (Active Galactic Nucleus) powered by a supermassive black hole.
✅ Infalling gas forms an accretion disk → some material is ejected as relativistic jets.
✅ Jets inflate massive radio lobes, often millions of light-years across.
✅ Radiation is through synchrotron emission (electrons near light-speed spiralling in magnetic fields).

📍 Types of Radio Galaxies
✅ Broad-Line Radio Galaxies
• Show broad emission lines → fast-moving gas close to the AGN.

✅ Narrow-Line Radio Galaxies
• Show narrow emission lines → slower, cooler gas farther from the black hole.

📍 Why They Matter
✅ Reveal how black holes regulate galaxy evolution.
✅ Help study intergalactic magnetic fields.
✅ Act as cosmic beacons visible across vast distances.
✅ Aid research in high-energy particle physics.

📍 Significance of Twin Radio Galaxies (TRGs)
✅ Provide clues about jet symmetry, black hole dynamics, and plasma behaviour.
✅ Help refine models of jet formation & energy transport in the universe.

🔹 UPSC Mains Question
“Discuss the significance of Radio Galaxies in understanding galaxy evolution and high-energy astrophysical processes. How do relativistic jets influence their surrounding cosmic environment?”

#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology

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🔆 World Urbanisation Prospects 2025 — Key Facts (UN DESA)

📍 Introduction
The UN DESA report highlights how rapidly the world is urbanising, with cities becoming the core of global population and economic activity.

📍 Key Highlights
✅ 45% of the world’s population (≈ 8.2 billion) now lives in cities.
✅ Number of megacities (10M+ population) rose from 8 in 1975 → 33 in 2025.
✅ Jakarta is now the most populous city, followed by Dhaka, Tokyo, and New Delhi.

📍 India-Specific Findings
✅ 44% of India’s population now lives in towns and cities.
✅ India, along with six other countries, will add over 500 million new urban residents between 2025–2050 — the largest global increase.

#GS1 #mains

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🔆 Global Methane Status Report 2025 — Key Facts

📍 Introduction
The UNEP–CCAC report reviews global progress on methane reduction.

📍 Key Highlights
✅ Methane concentrations doubled since pre-industrial era; reached 352 Mt/year (2020); projected to rise 5% by 2030.
✅ Rising methane may cause 24,000 extra premature deaths & 2.5 Mt crop losses annually by 2030.
✅ India = 3rd-largest emitter (~31 Mt/year), mainly from stubble burning, rice cultivation, and livestock.

📍 Global Initiatives
✅ Global Methane Pledge (GMP) — cut methane 30% from 2020 levels by 2030 (India not a signatory).
• Launched at COP26 (2021) by CCAC & partners.
✅ International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) — UNEP-led platform for tracking methane sources globally.

📍 India’s Measures
✅ National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA).
✅ Methane mitigation technologies in agriculture:
• System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
• Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) — avoids continuous flooding
• Crop Diversification Programme

#environment

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🔆 Hambantota Port: Key Facts

📍 Overview
🌍 A deep-water port on Sri Lanka’s southwestern coast, overlooking the Indian Ocean. It is vital for international trade and economic growth.

📍 Construction and Funding
🔨 Built by the Sri Lankan Port Authority with funding from EXIM Bank of China.
🏗 Construction started in 2008, and the first phase finished in 2010.

📍 Lease to China
📜 In 2017, Sri Lanka leased the port to China Merchant Port Holdings for 99 years after failing to repay the loan.

📍 Strategic Importance
🌏 Part of China’s One Belt, One Road (OBOR) initiative.
🔗 Links Southeast Asia, Africa, and West Asia.
⚠️ India’s Concern: Possible Chinese military presence threatens India’s security in the region.

#Places_in_news
#Port_series

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🔆Article 310 and Article 311

✅Recently President terminated services of Army Major posted with Strategic Forces Command under the powers conferred upon him under the article 310.
✅ Article 310 : The following members works at the pleasure of the President:
☑️ Members of the defence services, Civil services of the Centre and All-India services or persons holding military posts or civil posts under the Centre.
✅The following members works at the pleasure of the Governors of the respective state:
☑️ Members of the civil services of a state or persons holding civil posts under a state.
✅ Article 311 : It places 2 restrictions on the above ‘doctrine of pleasure’.
☑️ A civil servant cannot be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to that by which he was appointed.
☑️ A civil servant cannot be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank except after an inquiry in which he has been informed of the charges against him.
✅ The above 2 safeguards are available only to the members of the civil services of the Centre, the all-India services, the civil services of a state or to persons holding civil posts under the Centre or a state.

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🔆 White-Collar Terrorism: Key Concepts & India’s Response

📍 What is White-Collar Terrorism?
✅ Involves educated professionals (doctors, engineers, IT experts) using their professional legitimacy, networks, and institutional access for violent extremist ends.
✅ Contrasts the older belief that terrorism mainly recruits the unemployed and vulnerable.

📍 Why Is It Emerging?
✅ Relative Deprivation Theory – Extremism driven by perceived injustice, not poverty alone.
✅ Social Identity Theory – Professional identity gets replaced by an extremist “higher-purpose” identity.
✅ Digital Technology – Encrypted platforms need high technical skills, making professionals strategic assets.

📍 Other Emerging Terror Forms
✅ Lone-Wolf Terrorism – Individuals acting alone (e.g., Christchurch attack).
✅ Suicide Bombings – Human-bomb attacks (e.g., Pulwama).
✅ Sleeper Cells – Hidden operatives blending in until activated.
✅ Over Ground Workers (OGWs) – Provide logistics, shelter, funds, and support.

📍 India’s Counter-Terror Strategy
✅ Investigation & Intelligence – NIA, NSG, IB, multi-agency coordination.
✅ Legal Framework – UAPA 1967 as core anti-terror legislation.
✅ Preventing Terror Financing – TFFC (NIA), CFT Cell (MHA), FATF compliance.
✅ Retaliatory Operations – Surgical Strike (2016), Operation Sindoor (2025).

📍 Conclusion
✅ White-collar terrorism shows that extremism is evolving, demanding a mix of technology, intelligence, financial tracking, and ideological countermeasures.

#Security #mains

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 24 NOVEMBER 2025
​📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ G20 Summit (South Africa): PM Modi proposes 6 global initiatives in Johannesburg, including a "Global Traditional Knowledge Repository" and "Africa Skills Multiplier Program."
✅ COP30 Outcomes (Brazil): Nations approve 10 thematic agreements; fossil fuel phase-out language removed in favor of "energy transition flexibility" for developing nations.
✅ Rafale Controversy: French Navy dismisses Pakistani media reports of Rafale losses as "misinformation."
✅ Israel-Hamas: Mossad claims to have uncovered Hamas cells planning attacks across Europe (Vienna to Berlin).
​📍 NATIONAL
✅ Guru Tegh Bahadur Shaheedi Diwas: Delhi Government declares public holiday on 25 Nov 2025; large-scale events planned at Red Fort.
✅ Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill 2025: Govt to introduce bill to bring Chandigarh under Article 240 (similar to other UTs without legislatures).
✅ 19th National Jamboree: Bharat Scouts & Guides event kicks off in Lucknow with 30,000+ participants.
✅ Health Alert: Study reveals elevated Uranium (U-238) levels in breast milk samples in several districts of Bihar.
✅ Limestone Auction: J&K Govt announces first-ever block-auction of limestone mineral resources.
​📍 DEFENCE
✅ Exercise AUSINDEX 2025: India & Australia conduct major maritime drills focusing on anti-submarine warfare (INS Sahyadri participating).
✅ Territorial Army: Army plans to induct women soldiers in TA battalions for the first time.
✅ US-India Relations: US Secretary of State Marco Rubio emphasizes 28-point peace plan; discusses defence ties.
​📍 SCIENCE & TECH
✅ Trade Intelligence Portal: Govt launches new portal to provide single digital platform for all trade-related data & analytics.
✅ Climate Tech: Startup TRST01 launches "Paris Agreement Integrated Platform" (AI & Blockchain) for emissions governance.
​📍 SPORTS
🏸 Australian Open Super 500: Lakshya Sen wins Men's Singles title (First title of 2025).
🏆 Khelo India University Games 2025: Schedule announced; Rajasthan to host (Jaipur, Kota, Bharatpur).
🏏 Cricket: Pakistan defeats Sri Lanka by 7 wickets in tri-series match.
​📍 AWARDS
✅ Indira Gandhi Peace Prize: Presented to Michelle Bachelet (Former UN Human Rights Chief & Chilean President).
✅ Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari Awards: Telangana named top performer in water conservation structures; awards presented by President Murmu.
✅ Best State (Water): Maharashtra wins 1st prize at 6th National Water Awards.
​📍 OBITUARY
✅ Dharmendra: Veteran Indian actor passes away (as per early reports).

#CurrentAffairs

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🔆 Current Affairs – 24 November pointers

📍 International Affairs
✅ India to restart Air Freight Corridors with Afghanistan (Kabul → Delhi, Kabul → Amritsar) after meeting with Al-Haj Nooruddin Azizi, Taliban Trade Minister.
✅ UAE becomes 3rd-largest humanitarian donor (2025) with USD 1.46 bn (7.2%) of global aid (UNOCHA FTS).
✅ WHO declares Indonesia polio-free after ending Type-2 poliovirus outbreak (last case: 27 June 2024; declared on 19 Nov 2025).

🔆 National Affairs
📍 Culture & Events
✅ President Droupadi Murmu inaugurates Second Bharatiya Kala Mahotsav at Rashtrapati Nilayam, Secunderabad (Min. of Culture + Textiles + Tourism).

📍 Agriculture & Food Systems
✅ Sixth International Agronomy Congress begins in New Delhi (24 Nov).
— Theme: Re-envisioning agronomy for Agri-Food Systems & Environmental Stewardship.
— India’s foodgrain output: 357 MT (8% rise).
— Stubble burning down 95%.

📍 Health Governance
✅ National One Health Mission Assembly 2025 concludes in New Delhi.
— Theme: One Earth, One Health, One Future.
— Inaugurated by JP Nadda.

📍 Transport & Infrastructure
✅ Indian Railways crosses 1 billion tonne freight loading for FY 2025–26.
— Coal: 505 MT | Iron Ore: 115 MT | Cement: 92 MT.
— Daily loading: 4.4 MT.

📍 Film & Media
✅ CBFC launches multilingual module on e-Cinepramaan to ease multilingual film certification.
✅ UNICEF–IFFI 2025 showcase 5 films on childhood (Egypt, India ×2, South Korea, France–Kosovo).

🔆 Defence & Security
📍 Internal Security
✅ Government designates CISF as the primary security organisation for seaports.

📍 India–UK Defence Cooperation
(From earlier post connected to your set, kept only if you want to include; otherwise skipped — let me know.)

🔆 MoUs & International Collaborations
📍 Energy & Hydropower
✅ Tata Power + Druk Green (Bhutan) to build 1125 MW Dorjilung Hydro Project.
— Tata Power investment: ₹1,572 crore.
— Total project cost: ₹13,100 crore.

📍 Waterways & Tourism
✅ IWAI signs MoUs with Assam Govt to boost inland water transport & river tourism.
— Partners include Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd (APL).

📍 Culture Exchange
✅ IICT signs MoU for India–Australia Creative Collaboration at IFFI.

🔆 State-Specific Updates
📍 Arunachal Pradesh
✅ State secures 20 GI-tagged products; target 50 GI products by 2030.

🔆 Schemes & Government Initiatives
📍 Education – PM-USHA
✅ Launched June 2023 under Ministry of Education.
— Outlay: ₹12,926.10 crore (2023–26).
— FY 2025–26 budget: ₹1,821 crore.
— Focus: Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability, Accountability (NEP 2020 pillars).

📍 SC Welfare – PM-AJAY
✅ Launched 2021 (Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment).
— 100% Central funding.
— 83 projects sanctioned in 2024–25 worth ₹1.28 lakh (as written).
— Implemented in 28 States & UTs.

🔆 Awards & Recognition
📍 Brand & Fintech
✅ NivCap, India’s first fintech digital solutions platform, appoints Justin Langer as brand ambassador.

📍 Global Pageants
✅ Fatima Bosch (Mexico) crowned 74th Miss Universe 2025 (held in Thailand).

📍 Corporate & Research
✅ ISB honours Azim Premji with ‘Research Catalyst’

#CurrentAffairs

​"Ek Kamra, Ek Sapna, aur Aakhri 6 Mahine CSP26"
​Kabhi-kabhi lagta hai na ki hum thahar gaye hain, aur waqt bhaag raha hai?
Subah aankh khulti hai toh wahi chhat dikhti hai, wahi Laxmikanth, wahi notes. Bahar dekho toh dost aage badh gaye, rishtedaar taane maar rahe hain, aur hum? Hum bas apne 10x10 ke kamre mein 'IAS' banne ka khawab paale baithe hain.
​Sach kahun? Darr lagta hai.
Bahut darr lagta hai.
​Jab din ke targets pure nahi hote aur raat ko bistar par let kar khud ko koso.
​Jab YPT kholo aur dekho ki duniya 14 ghante padh rahi hai aur humse 6 ghante bhi dhang se nahi hua.
​Jab Maa-Baap ki ummeedon ka bojha seene par patthar ki tarah lagta hai.
​Aur sabse bada darr... "Agar nahi hua toh?" Kya wo insaan mera saath dega jise main toot kar chahta hoon? Ya meri naakaami humein alag kar degi? Ye khayal rooh kampa deta hai.
​Ansoon aate hain, aane do. Ghabrahat hoti hai, hone do.
​Lekin suno...
Ye jo ghutan hai, ye jo pressure hai—ye tumhe todne ke liye nahi, tumhe "Tarashne" ke liye hai. Sona (Gold) bhi tapne ke baad hi chamakta hai.
​Tumhare paas ab 180 din hain.
In 180 dino ke liye apne dil ke darwaze par "Do Not Disturb" laga do.
Apne emotions, apna darr, apni insecurities sabko ek bakse mein band karke kone mein rakh do.
​Agar wo rishta saccha hai, toh wo tumhari struggle samjhega. Aur agar wo tumhari safalta ka mohtaaj hai, toh wo pyaar tha hi nahi. Isliye darna chhod do.
​Utho.
Aansu ponchho aur table par baitho.
Duniya ko lagne do ki tum haar gaye ho, shant ho gaye ho.
Kyunki sher shikaar karne se pehle khamosh hi hota hai.
​6 mahine. Sirf tum aur tumhari kitabein.
Khud ko itna nichod do ki jab aaine mein dekho toh garv ho ki "Maine apna 100% diya."
​Rona band, ladna shuru.
Kyunki is kahani ka "Happy Ending" tumhe hi likhna hai.
​All the best. Phod denge. 🔥

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