🔆 Payments Regulatory Board (PRB) — Key Facts
📍 About the Board
✅ The PRB is responsible for regulating and supervising payment systems under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
✅ It replaces the earlier Board for Regulation and Supervision of Payment and Settlement Systems (BPSS).
📍 Composition (as per Section 3, PSS Act, 2007)
✅ Chairperson: Governor, RBI (ex officio)
✅ Members:
• Deputy Governor (in charge of Payment & Settlement Systems) – ex officio
• One RBI officer nominated by the Central Board – ex officio
• Three Central Government nominees – experts in payment systems, IT, cybersecurity, or law
✅ Tenure: 4 years, non-renewable (resignation with 6 weeks’ notice).
✅ Disqualifications: Age >70, insolvency, imprisonment ≥180 days, MPs/MLAs, etc.
✅ Permanent Invitee: Principal Legal Adviser, RBI.
✅ Experts: RBI may invite additional experts (permanent/ad hoc).
📍 Meetings & Decision-making
✅ Meets at least twice a year.
✅ Quorum: 3 members (including Chairperson/Deputy Governor + 1 Govt-nominated member).
✅ Decisions: Majority vote; Chairperson holds casting vote in case of a tie.
📍 About Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007
✅ Objective: Regulate and supervise payment systems in India — from manual clearing to digital transfers (RTGS, NEFT, etc.)
✅ Central Authority: RBI — oversees payment & settlement infrastructure.
✅ Customer Protection: Ensures fairness, prevents overcharging, and holds intermediaries accountable.
#economy #prelims
📍 About the Board
✅ The PRB is responsible for regulating and supervising payment systems under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
✅ It replaces the earlier Board for Regulation and Supervision of Payment and Settlement Systems (BPSS).
📍 Composition (as per Section 3, PSS Act, 2007)
✅ Chairperson: Governor, RBI (ex officio)
✅ Members:
• Deputy Governor (in charge of Payment & Settlement Systems) – ex officio
• One RBI officer nominated by the Central Board – ex officio
• Three Central Government nominees – experts in payment systems, IT, cybersecurity, or law
✅ Tenure: 4 years, non-renewable (resignation with 6 weeks’ notice).
✅ Disqualifications: Age >70, insolvency, imprisonment ≥180 days, MPs/MLAs, etc.
✅ Permanent Invitee: Principal Legal Adviser, RBI.
✅ Experts: RBI may invite additional experts (permanent/ad hoc).
📍 Meetings & Decision-making
✅ Meets at least twice a year.
✅ Quorum: 3 members (including Chairperson/Deputy Governor + 1 Govt-nominated member).
✅ Decisions: Majority vote; Chairperson holds casting vote in case of a tie.
📍 About Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007
✅ Objective: Regulate and supervise payment systems in India — from manual clearing to digital transfers (RTGS, NEFT, etc.)
✅ Central Authority: RBI — oversees payment & settlement infrastructure.
✅ Customer Protection: Ensures fairness, prevents overcharging, and holds intermediaries accountable.
#economy #prelims
❤11
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 16 NOVEMBER 2025
📍 DEFENCE / SECURITY
✅ France released first-ever images of its ASMPA-R nuclear-capable supersonic cruise missile.
• Range: 600 km | Speed: Mach 3 | Engine: Ramjet (dual air intakes)
• Warhead: TNA “dial-a-yield” (100–300 kt)
• Part of France’s air-based nuclear triad.
📍 MILITARY EXERCISES
✅ Exercise Garuda 2025 (India–France) begins at Mont-de-Marsan Air Base, France.
• IAF aircraft: Su-30MKI, C-17 Globemaster, IL-78 tanker
• Focus: Air-to-air combat, BVR tactics, air-defence, joint strike ops
• Builds interoperability with French Air & Space Force.
📍 MINERALS / ECONOMY
✅ Hindustan Zinc Ltd gets licence to mine Tungsten in Andhra Pradesh.
• Tungsten: Critical Mineral, sources — wolframite, scheelite
• Highest melting point: 3410°C
• Uses: Hard alloys, drilling tools, aerospace parts, catalysts
📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ Greenland passed law restricting foreigners’ property ownership.
• Largest non-continent island | Autonomous territory of Denmark
• Capital: Nuuk | Climate: Polar
• Resources: Coal, REEs, diamonds, iron ore, molybdenum
📍 INDIAN ARMY / REFORMS
✅ Indian Army to induct women soldiers into the Territorial Army.
• TA = part-time volunteer force, 2nd line of defence
• Eligibility: 18–42 yrs, Graduate, must be gainfully employed
• Formally inaugurated: 9 Oct 1949 | Motto: Savdhani Va Shoorta
📍 ENVIRONMENT / ECOLOGY
✅ Research underway on wild dolphin–fisher cooperation in Ashtamudi Lake, Kerala.
• Kerala’s 2nd largest lake | Ramsar Site (2002)
• Fed by Kallada River → drains into Arabian Sea
• Rich biodiversity: 57 bird species, 97 fish species
• Mentioned by Ibn Battuta in 14th century.
📍 CULTURE / HERITAGE
✅ Assam begins process to repatriate 400-year-old Vrindavani Vastra from British Museum.
• Theme: Krishna’s exploits | Technique: Lampas (2 weavers required)
• Created under Srimanta Sankardeva, for Koch King Nara Narayan
• Length: 9.5 metres, originally 15 panels
• Considered the crown jewel of Assamese Vaishnavism.
📍 HEALTH / DISEASE OUTBREAK
✅ Ethiopia reports first outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease (WHO).
• Viral hemorrhagic fever like Ebola
• Natural host: Rousettus aegyptiacus (fruit bat)
• Spread: Bodily fluids, contaminated surfaces
• Fatality: Very high | No specific cure; supportive care only.
📍 BIODIVERSITY (ASSAM)
✅ First-ever albinism case recorded in Checkered Keelback (Fowlea piscator).
• Non-venomous freshwater snake
• Habitat: Ponds, marshes, rice fields
• IUCN: Least Concern
📍 TRIBES / SOCIAL JUSTICE
✅ Centre sanctions ₹9 crore under Jan Man Scheme for Maram Naga Tribe (Manipur).
• Group: Tibeto-Burman (Mongoloid)
• Language: Maram, Sino-Tibetan family
• Occupation: Shifting cultivation, wet rice farming
• Festivals: Punghi (July), Kanghi (Dec), Mangkang (April – women’s festival)
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
📍 DEFENCE / SECURITY
✅ France released first-ever images of its ASMPA-R nuclear-capable supersonic cruise missile.
• Range: 600 km | Speed: Mach 3 | Engine: Ramjet (dual air intakes)
• Warhead: TNA “dial-a-yield” (100–300 kt)
• Part of France’s air-based nuclear triad.
📍 MILITARY EXERCISES
✅ Exercise Garuda 2025 (India–France) begins at Mont-de-Marsan Air Base, France.
• IAF aircraft: Su-30MKI, C-17 Globemaster, IL-78 tanker
• Focus: Air-to-air combat, BVR tactics, air-defence, joint strike ops
• Builds interoperability with French Air & Space Force.
📍 MINERALS / ECONOMY
✅ Hindustan Zinc Ltd gets licence to mine Tungsten in Andhra Pradesh.
• Tungsten: Critical Mineral, sources — wolframite, scheelite
• Highest melting point: 3410°C
• Uses: Hard alloys, drilling tools, aerospace parts, catalysts
📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ Greenland passed law restricting foreigners’ property ownership.
• Largest non-continent island | Autonomous territory of Denmark
• Capital: Nuuk | Climate: Polar
• Resources: Coal, REEs, diamonds, iron ore, molybdenum
📍 INDIAN ARMY / REFORMS
✅ Indian Army to induct women soldiers into the Territorial Army.
• TA = part-time volunteer force, 2nd line of defence
• Eligibility: 18–42 yrs, Graduate, must be gainfully employed
• Formally inaugurated: 9 Oct 1949 | Motto: Savdhani Va Shoorta
📍 ENVIRONMENT / ECOLOGY
✅ Research underway on wild dolphin–fisher cooperation in Ashtamudi Lake, Kerala.
• Kerala’s 2nd largest lake | Ramsar Site (2002)
• Fed by Kallada River → drains into Arabian Sea
• Rich biodiversity: 57 bird species, 97 fish species
• Mentioned by Ibn Battuta in 14th century.
📍 CULTURE / HERITAGE
✅ Assam begins process to repatriate 400-year-old Vrindavani Vastra from British Museum.
• Theme: Krishna’s exploits | Technique: Lampas (2 weavers required)
• Created under Srimanta Sankardeva, for Koch King Nara Narayan
• Length: 9.5 metres, originally 15 panels
• Considered the crown jewel of Assamese Vaishnavism.
📍 HEALTH / DISEASE OUTBREAK
✅ Ethiopia reports first outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease (WHO).
• Viral hemorrhagic fever like Ebola
• Natural host: Rousettus aegyptiacus (fruit bat)
• Spread: Bodily fluids, contaminated surfaces
• Fatality: Very high | No specific cure; supportive care only.
📍 BIODIVERSITY (ASSAM)
✅ First-ever albinism case recorded in Checkered Keelback (Fowlea piscator).
• Non-venomous freshwater snake
• Habitat: Ponds, marshes, rice fields
• IUCN: Least Concern
📍 TRIBES / SOCIAL JUSTICE
✅ Centre sanctions ₹9 crore under Jan Man Scheme for Maram Naga Tribe (Manipur).
• Group: Tibeto-Burman (Mongoloid)
• Language: Maram, Sino-Tibetan family
• Occupation: Shifting cultivation, wet rice farming
• Festivals: Punghi (July), Kanghi (Dec), Mangkang (April – women’s festival)
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
❤10👏1👌1
#Goodmorning
⏳188 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳277 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳21 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳13 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳83 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳244 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳188 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳277 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳21 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳13 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳83 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳244 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
👍1
🔆 NASA–Blue Origin ESCAPADE Mission to Mars Launched
📍 What is ESCAPADE?
✅ ESCAPADE = Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers
✅ NASA’s first multi-spacecraft coordinated orbital mission to study Mars
✅ Consists of twin orbiters — Blue & Gold
✅ Part of NASA’s SIMPLEx (Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration)
📍 Launch & Trajectory
✅ Launched by Blue Origin
✅ Uses “launch-and-loiter” strategy
✅ Spacecraft travel first to Earth–Sun Lagrange Point-2 (L2)
✅ They will wait at L2, then depart for Mars in late 2026
📍 Mission Objectives
✅ Study Mars’ magnetosphere and its long-term evolution
✅ Track real-time effects of solar wind on Mars
✅ Examine atmospheric loss — how solar wind strips Mars’ atmosphere
✅ Generate space-weather & plasma data important for future human exploration
📍 Scientific Significance
✅ First-ever simultaneous multi-point plasma measurements around Mars
✅ Crucial for understanding Mars’ evolution, habitability & atmospheric escape
✅ Supports planning for crewed Mars missions
🔆 UPSC Mains Question
Q. How do small multi-spacecraft missions like ESCAPADE strengthen our understanding of planetary evolution? Discuss their relevance for future human missions to Mars
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
📍 What is ESCAPADE?
✅ ESCAPADE = Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers
✅ NASA’s first multi-spacecraft coordinated orbital mission to study Mars
✅ Consists of twin orbiters — Blue & Gold
✅ Part of NASA’s SIMPLEx (Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration)
📍 Launch & Trajectory
✅ Launched by Blue Origin
✅ Uses “launch-and-loiter” strategy
✅ Spacecraft travel first to Earth–Sun Lagrange Point-2 (L2)
✅ They will wait at L2, then depart for Mars in late 2026
📍 Mission Objectives
✅ Study Mars’ magnetosphere and its long-term evolution
✅ Track real-time effects of solar wind on Mars
✅ Examine atmospheric loss — how solar wind strips Mars’ atmosphere
✅ Generate space-weather & plasma data important for future human exploration
📍 Scientific Significance
✅ First-ever simultaneous multi-point plasma measurements around Mars
✅ Crucial for understanding Mars’ evolution, habitability & atmospheric escape
✅ Supports planning for crewed Mars missions
🔆 UPSC Mains Question
Q. How do small multi-spacecraft missions like ESCAPADE strengthen our understanding of planetary evolution? Discuss their relevance for future human missions to Mars
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
❤6
🔆 Rare Earth Hypothesis – Explained (The Hindu)
📍 What is it?
✅ The Rare Earth Hypothesis argues that simple microbial life may be common, but complex life (plants, animals, intelligent life) is extremely rare in the universe.
✅ Advanced life needs a very narrow combination of environmental, geological & astronomical conditions — and Earth meets an unusually rare set.
📍 Proposed By
✅ Peter Ward (paleontologist)
✅ Donald Brownlee (astronomer)
➡ From their 2000 book: “Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe.”
📍 Key Conditions for Complex Life
✅ Planet’s position in a safe galactic zone
✅ Stable Sun-like star at the right distance
✅ Right planet size + active plate tectonics
✅ Presence of a large moon to stabilize climate
✅ Long-term protection from asteroid impacts
📍 How It Differs from Other Theories
✅ Unlike Mediocrity Principle & Drake Equation (which assume life is common),
➡ This hypothesis says complex life is extremely rare.
✅ Offers a solution to Fermi Paradox → very few planets have conditions to evolve intelligent civilizations.
📍 Why It Matters
✅ Changes how scientists evaluate planetary habitability
✅ Directs exoplanet research toward Earth–Sun-like systems
✅ Helps refine search for life-supporting exoplanets
#Geography
📍 What is it?
✅ The Rare Earth Hypothesis argues that simple microbial life may be common, but complex life (plants, animals, intelligent life) is extremely rare in the universe.
✅ Advanced life needs a very narrow combination of environmental, geological & astronomical conditions — and Earth meets an unusually rare set.
📍 Proposed By
✅ Peter Ward (paleontologist)
✅ Donald Brownlee (astronomer)
➡ From their 2000 book: “Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe.”
📍 Key Conditions for Complex Life
✅ Planet’s position in a safe galactic zone
✅ Stable Sun-like star at the right distance
✅ Right planet size + active plate tectonics
✅ Presence of a large moon to stabilize climate
✅ Long-term protection from asteroid impacts
📍 How It Differs from Other Theories
✅ Unlike Mediocrity Principle & Drake Equation (which assume life is common),
➡ This hypothesis says complex life is extremely rare.
✅ Offers a solution to Fermi Paradox → very few planets have conditions to evolve intelligent civilizations.
📍 Why It Matters
✅ Changes how scientists evaluate planetary habitability
✅ Directs exoplanet research toward Earth–Sun-like systems
✅ Helps refine search for life-supporting exoplanets
#Geography
❤3👍1👌1
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 17 NOVEMBER 2025
📍 BANKING & FINANCE
✅ Union Bank of India marks 107th Foundation Day; launches Union eBiz & Union Ease apps; opens 51 new branches.
✅ PNB launches digital PM-SVANidhi solution + Conduct Risk Framework.
✅ Federal Bank launches cultural IP “Bharat Surotsav” (Chennai).
📍 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
✅ UAE launches “Walk to Mars” initiative — target 54 million km of collective walking/cycling/swimming.
📍 HEALTH / WHO
✅ 2nd WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit to be held in New Delhi (17–19 Dec 2025).
Theme: “Restoring Balance: Science & Practice of Health and Well-being.”
📍 INDIAN ECONOMY / ENERGY
✅ India’s Green Hydrogen push:
• National Green Hydrogen Mission outlay: ₹19,744 crore
• Goal by 2030: 125 GW RE, 6 lakh jobs, avoid 50 mt CO₂/yr
• Hubs notified: Deendayal Port, VOC Port, Paradip Port
• GH Certification Scheme (BEE): mandatory lifecycle emissions check.
📍 HEALTH / TB
✅ WHO TB Report: India reduces TB incidence by 21% in a decade but remains global epicentre.
• TB incidence: 187 per lakh (down from 237).
• Deaths: 21 per lakh (down from 28).
📍 EVENTS
✅ 44th India International Trade Fair begins at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
Theme: Ek Bharat – Shreshtha Bharat.
• Partner States: UP, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Bihar
• Focus State: Jharkhand
📍 ENVIRONMENT / BLUE FLAG BEACHES
✅ Kovalam Beach (TN) gets Blue Flag certification for 5th consecutive year.
Also certified:
• Sunapur (Odisha) – 3rd year
• Golden Beach, Puri – 7th year
📍 MINERALS / GOVT DECISIONS
✅ Cabinet sets new royalty rates for cesium, graphite, rubidium, zirconium.
✅ Cabinet approves Credit Guarantee Scheme for Exporters (CGSE) – ₹20,000 cr coverage (100% guarantee).
📍 GI / TRIBAL AFFAIRS
✅ GI Tag fee cut from ₹5,000 → ₹1,000 to support tribal artisans.
• Announced at Tribal Business Conclave, Yashobhoomi (12 Nov).
📍 ENVIRONMENT / WILDLIFE
✅ Botswana hands over 8 cheetahs to India under Project Cheetah.
• Location: Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Gaborone.
📍 TOURISM
✅ 13th International Tourism Mart (ITM) inaugurated in Gangtok, Sikkim.
• Theme: Sustainable tourism in North-East; part of Travel for Life mission.
📍 DEFENCE (INDIA)
✅ VINBAX-2025 (India–Vietnam Army Exercise) begins in Hanoi; focus on UN peacekeeping.
✅ IAF arrives in France for Garuda-2025 (16–27 Nov).
✅ BSF commissions India’s first all-women “Durga Drone Squadron” in Gwalior.
✅ Operation Akhand Prahar under Tri-services Exercise Trishul tests integrated desert warfare.
📍 TRADE / MoUs
✅ India–Nepal sign pact for Jogbani–Biratnagar rail connectivity for freight via Kolkata/Visakhapatnam.
📍 STATES
✅ Punjab becomes 1st state to fully implement amended BharatNet Scheme (43 shadow areas connected).
✅ Watershed Mahotsav launched in Guntur, AP — part of Watershed 2.0 (₹13,000 cr).
• Goal: Rejuvenate 25,000 ponds/yr, raise groundwater by 3 m.
📍 IMPORTANT DAYS (13 NOV)
🎗️ World Kindness Day 2025 – Theme: Towards Longevity: Redefining Health & Well-being.
💙 World Diabetes Day 2025 – Theme: Diabetes Across Life Stages.
📍 STATES / CULTURE
✅ Jharkhand celebrates 25th Statehood Day with street dance festival (15 Nov).
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Shafali Verma appointed Brand Ambassador of Haryana State Women’s Commission.
📍 AWARDS
🏆 Singer Palak Muchhal enters Guinness World Records 2025 for funding 3,800+ heart surgeries for poor children.
#CurrentAffairs
📍 BANKING & FINANCE
✅ Union Bank of India marks 107th Foundation Day; launches Union eBiz & Union Ease apps; opens 51 new branches.
✅ PNB launches digital PM-SVANidhi solution + Conduct Risk Framework.
✅ Federal Bank launches cultural IP “Bharat Surotsav” (Chennai).
📍 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
✅ UAE launches “Walk to Mars” initiative — target 54 million km of collective walking/cycling/swimming.
📍 HEALTH / WHO
✅ 2nd WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit to be held in New Delhi (17–19 Dec 2025).
Theme: “Restoring Balance: Science & Practice of Health and Well-being.”
📍 INDIAN ECONOMY / ENERGY
✅ India’s Green Hydrogen push:
• National Green Hydrogen Mission outlay: ₹19,744 crore
• Goal by 2030: 125 GW RE, 6 lakh jobs, avoid 50 mt CO₂/yr
• Hubs notified: Deendayal Port, VOC Port, Paradip Port
• GH Certification Scheme (BEE): mandatory lifecycle emissions check.
📍 HEALTH / TB
✅ WHO TB Report: India reduces TB incidence by 21% in a decade but remains global epicentre.
• TB incidence: 187 per lakh (down from 237).
• Deaths: 21 per lakh (down from 28).
📍 EVENTS
✅ 44th India International Trade Fair begins at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
Theme: Ek Bharat – Shreshtha Bharat.
• Partner States: UP, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Bihar
• Focus State: Jharkhand
📍 ENVIRONMENT / BLUE FLAG BEACHES
✅ Kovalam Beach (TN) gets Blue Flag certification for 5th consecutive year.
Also certified:
• Sunapur (Odisha) – 3rd year
• Golden Beach, Puri – 7th year
📍 MINERALS / GOVT DECISIONS
✅ Cabinet sets new royalty rates for cesium, graphite, rubidium, zirconium.
✅ Cabinet approves Credit Guarantee Scheme for Exporters (CGSE) – ₹20,000 cr coverage (100% guarantee).
📍 GI / TRIBAL AFFAIRS
✅ GI Tag fee cut from ₹5,000 → ₹1,000 to support tribal artisans.
• Announced at Tribal Business Conclave, Yashobhoomi (12 Nov).
📍 ENVIRONMENT / WILDLIFE
✅ Botswana hands over 8 cheetahs to India under Project Cheetah.
• Location: Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Gaborone.
📍 TOURISM
✅ 13th International Tourism Mart (ITM) inaugurated in Gangtok, Sikkim.
• Theme: Sustainable tourism in North-East; part of Travel for Life mission.
📍 DEFENCE (INDIA)
✅ VINBAX-2025 (India–Vietnam Army Exercise) begins in Hanoi; focus on UN peacekeeping.
✅ IAF arrives in France for Garuda-2025 (16–27 Nov).
✅ BSF commissions India’s first all-women “Durga Drone Squadron” in Gwalior.
✅ Operation Akhand Prahar under Tri-services Exercise Trishul tests integrated desert warfare.
📍 TRADE / MoUs
✅ India–Nepal sign pact for Jogbani–Biratnagar rail connectivity for freight via Kolkata/Visakhapatnam.
📍 STATES
✅ Punjab becomes 1st state to fully implement amended BharatNet Scheme (43 shadow areas connected).
✅ Watershed Mahotsav launched in Guntur, AP — part of Watershed 2.0 (₹13,000 cr).
• Goal: Rejuvenate 25,000 ponds/yr, raise groundwater by 3 m.
📍 IMPORTANT DAYS (13 NOV)
🎗️ World Kindness Day 2025 – Theme: Towards Longevity: Redefining Health & Well-being.
💙 World Diabetes Day 2025 – Theme: Diabetes Across Life Stages.
📍 STATES / CULTURE
✅ Jharkhand celebrates 25th Statehood Day with street dance festival (15 Nov).
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Shafali Verma appointed Brand Ambassador of Haryana State Women’s Commission.
📍 AWARDS
🏆 Singer Palak Muchhal enters Guinness World Records 2025 for funding 3,800+ heart surgeries for poor children.
#CurrentAffairs
❤6🔥2👍1👏1👌1
#Goodmorning
⏳187 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳277 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳20 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳12 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳82 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳243 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳187 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳277 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳20 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳12 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳82 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳243 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
👍2👌1
Press Release_Press Information Bureau (11).pdf
114.9 KB
🔆 e-Jagriti: India’s New-Age Consumer Grievance Revolution (2025)
📍 Introduction
✅ The e-Jagriti platform, launched on 1 January 2025, has emerged as a major leap in digital consumer justice, improving accessibility, speeding up case disposal, and enabling global NRI participation.
📍 Key Achievements (2025)
✅ 2.75 lakh+ users, including 1,388 NRIs
✅ 1,30,550 cases filed | 1,27,058 cases disposed
➡️ Reflects high efficiency and faster backlog clearance
✅ Adoption highest in Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra
📍 Key Features
✅ OTP-based registration
✅ Virtual hearings & online document exchange
✅ Real-time tracking & SMS/email updates (12+ lakh notifications sent)
✅ Multilingual interface, chatbot, voice-to-text for elderly & visually impaired
✅ Secure payments via Bharat Kosh & PayGov
➡️ Ensures accessibility, transparency & user security
📍 Integrated Single Platform
✅ Merges older systems: OCMS, e-Daakhil, NCDRC CMS, CONFONET
➡️ Reduces fragmentation & speeds up redressal
📍 Global Accessibility for NRIs
✅ File complaints from abroad
✅ Attend virtual hearings
✅ Receive real-time updates across time zones
➡️ Over 466 NRI complaints filed in 2025 (major contributors: USA, UK, UAE, Canada, Australia, Germany)
📍 Performance Gains
✅ Disposal rates exceeded 100% in 10 states
✅ July–Aug: 27,545 disposed vs 27,080 filed
✅ Sep–Oct: 24,504 disposed vs 21,592 filed
📍 Success Stories
🏆 Assam: ₹3.05 lakh refund for online course scam (25 days)
🏆 Tripura: ₹1.67 lakh+ compensation for defective LG fridge (8 years old)
➡️ Highlights speed + consumer empowerment
📍 Conclusion
✅ e-Jagriti is a major step toward paperless, contactless, citizen-centric governance, empowering both domestic consumers and NRIs.
🔹 UPSC Mains Question
“Discuss how platforms like e-Jagriti strengthen consumer protection and digital governance in India. What challenges must be addressed to ensure inclusivity, transparency, and long term efficiency?
#goverment_schemes
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_government_scheme
📍 Introduction
✅ The e-Jagriti platform, launched on 1 January 2025, has emerged as a major leap in digital consumer justice, improving accessibility, speeding up case disposal, and enabling global NRI participation.
📍 Key Achievements (2025)
✅ 2.75 lakh+ users, including 1,388 NRIs
✅ 1,30,550 cases filed | 1,27,058 cases disposed
➡️ Reflects high efficiency and faster backlog clearance
✅ Adoption highest in Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra
📍 Key Features
✅ OTP-based registration
✅ Virtual hearings & online document exchange
✅ Real-time tracking & SMS/email updates (12+ lakh notifications sent)
✅ Multilingual interface, chatbot, voice-to-text for elderly & visually impaired
✅ Secure payments via Bharat Kosh & PayGov
➡️ Ensures accessibility, transparency & user security
📍 Integrated Single Platform
✅ Merges older systems: OCMS, e-Daakhil, NCDRC CMS, CONFONET
➡️ Reduces fragmentation & speeds up redressal
📍 Global Accessibility for NRIs
✅ File complaints from abroad
✅ Attend virtual hearings
✅ Receive real-time updates across time zones
➡️ Over 466 NRI complaints filed in 2025 (major contributors: USA, UK, UAE, Canada, Australia, Germany)
📍 Performance Gains
✅ Disposal rates exceeded 100% in 10 states
✅ July–Aug: 27,545 disposed vs 27,080 filed
✅ Sep–Oct: 24,504 disposed vs 21,592 filed
📍 Success Stories
🏆 Assam: ₹3.05 lakh refund for online course scam (25 days)
🏆 Tripura: ₹1.67 lakh+ compensation for defective LG fridge (8 years old)
➡️ Highlights speed + consumer empowerment
📍 Conclusion
✅ e-Jagriti is a major step toward paperless, contactless, citizen-centric governance, empowering both domestic consumers and NRIs.
🔹 UPSC Mains Question
“Discuss how platforms like e-Jagriti strengthen consumer protection and digital governance in India. What challenges must be addressed to ensure inclusivity, transparency, and long term efficiency?
#goverment_schemes
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_government_scheme
❤7🔥1👏1👌1
Belarus–Russia Joint Exercise ‘Zapad-2025’
✅ Conducted near NATO borders across Belarus, Russia, & Baltic region.
✅ Simulates territorial defence & coalition response; part of Union State defence alignment.
✅ Belarus acts as strategic buffer against NATO expansion.
✅ Conducted near NATO borders across Belarus, Russia, & Baltic region.
✅ Simulates territorial defence & coalition response; part of Union State defence alignment.
✅ Belarus acts as strategic buffer against NATO expansion.
❤1
🔆 Gupta Period: Key Administrative, Social & Economic Terms (300–800 AD)
📍 Central Administration
✅ Mahabaladhikrita – Commander-in-Chief
✅ Mahadandanayaka – Chief Justice
✅ Mahapratihara – Chief of palace maintenance
✅ Mahasandhivigrahika / Sandhivigrahaka – Minister of War & Peace (Foreign Affairs)
✅ Dandapashika – Head of Police
✅ Bhadagaradhikreta – Head of Royal Treasury
✅ Vinaysthitistanshapaka – Head of Education Department
✅ Sarvadhyaksha – Inspector of all central departments
📍 Military Administration
✅ Mahashvapati – Commander of Cavalry
✅ Mahamahipalapati – Commander of Elephants; executed elephant corps operations
✅ Mahanarpati – Commander of Infantry
✅ Yuktapurusha – Officer to maintain war booty accounts
📍 Royal Household & Court Administration
✅ Khadyapaka – Inspector of Royal Kitchen
✅ Ranbhandagarika – In charge of arms and ammunition
✅ Vinayapura – Officer representing special guests in royal court
📍 Provincial & Local Administration
✅ Samanta – Subordinate ruler/tributary
✅ Bhukti / Desa – Provinces (governed by Kumaramatyas)
✅ Pradesha / Adhisthana / Pattana – Districts within provinces
✅ Kutumbis & Mahattaras – Village-level officers
✅ Nagarashreshthin – Head of city corporations
✅ Sarthavaha – Representative of trade guilds
✅ Prathamkulika – Representative of artisan guilds
✅ Prathamkayashtha – Representative of government scribal/official community
✅ Pustapala – District-level record keeper
📍 Land & Revenue Terms
✅ Brahmadeya – Land grants to Brahmins
✅ Devagrahara / Devadana – Grants to temples/monasteries
✅ Kshetra – Fertile land
✅ Khil – Unfertile land
✅ Aprabata – Forest land
✅ Vastu – Habitable land
📍 Coins & Currency
✅ Nishka, Pala – Gold coins
✅ Rupaka, Satmana, Panna – Silver coins
✅ Kakini, Kasharpana – Copper coins
📍 Other Important Terms
✅ Kulika – Chief Architect
✅ Kanchuki – Head of Queen’s harem
#history
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_history
📍 Central Administration
✅ Mahabaladhikrita – Commander-in-Chief
✅ Mahadandanayaka – Chief Justice
✅ Mahapratihara – Chief of palace maintenance
✅ Mahasandhivigrahika / Sandhivigrahaka – Minister of War & Peace (Foreign Affairs)
✅ Dandapashika – Head of Police
✅ Bhadagaradhikreta – Head of Royal Treasury
✅ Vinaysthitistanshapaka – Head of Education Department
✅ Sarvadhyaksha – Inspector of all central departments
📍 Military Administration
✅ Mahashvapati – Commander of Cavalry
✅ Mahamahipalapati – Commander of Elephants; executed elephant corps operations
✅ Mahanarpati – Commander of Infantry
✅ Yuktapurusha – Officer to maintain war booty accounts
📍 Royal Household & Court Administration
✅ Khadyapaka – Inspector of Royal Kitchen
✅ Ranbhandagarika – In charge of arms and ammunition
✅ Vinayapura – Officer representing special guests in royal court
📍 Provincial & Local Administration
✅ Samanta – Subordinate ruler/tributary
✅ Bhukti / Desa – Provinces (governed by Kumaramatyas)
✅ Pradesha / Adhisthana / Pattana – Districts within provinces
✅ Kutumbis & Mahattaras – Village-level officers
✅ Nagarashreshthin – Head of city corporations
✅ Sarthavaha – Representative of trade guilds
✅ Prathamkulika – Representative of artisan guilds
✅ Prathamkayashtha – Representative of government scribal/official community
✅ Pustapala – District-level record keeper
📍 Land & Revenue Terms
✅ Brahmadeya – Land grants to Brahmins
✅ Devagrahara / Devadana – Grants to temples/monasteries
✅ Kshetra – Fertile land
✅ Khil – Unfertile land
✅ Aprabata – Forest land
✅ Vastu – Habitable land
📍 Coins & Currency
✅ Nishka, Pala – Gold coins
✅ Rupaka, Satmana, Panna – Silver coins
✅ Kakini, Kasharpana – Copper coins
📍 Other Important Terms
✅ Kulika – Chief Architect
✅ Kanchuki – Head of Queen’s harem
#history
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_history
❤5👌2👍1
Global Coast Guard Summit (CGGS) 2025
✅ 4th edition co-chaired by Italy & Japan, theme: “Guardians at Sea.”
✅ Focus: Maritime safety, piracy control, environmental protection & disaster response.
✅ India bids to host CGGS 2027 to strengthen maritime diplomacy & blue economy leadership.
ग्लोबल कोस्ट गार्ड समिट (CGGS) 2025
✅ 4वीं संस्करण की सह-अध्यक्षता इटली और जापान द्वारा, थीम: “समुद्र के रक्षक।”
✅ फोकस: समुद्री सुरक्षा, समुद्री डकैती नियंत्रण, पर्यावरण संरक्षण और आपदा प्रतिक्रिया।
✅ भारत ने CGGS 2027 की मेजबानी के लिए बोली लगाई है ताकि समुद्री कूटनीति और ब्लू इकोनॉमी नेतृत्व को मजबूत किया जा सके।
#currentaffairs
Join https://www.tg-me.com/prelims_tricks
✅ 4th edition co-chaired by Italy & Japan, theme: “Guardians at Sea.”
✅ Focus: Maritime safety, piracy control, environmental protection & disaster response.
✅ India bids to host CGGS 2027 to strengthen maritime diplomacy & blue economy leadership.
ग्लोबल कोस्ट गार्ड समिट (CGGS) 2025
✅ 4वीं संस्करण की सह-अध्यक्षता इटली और जापान द्वारा, थीम: “समुद्र के रक्षक।”
✅ फोकस: समुद्री सुरक्षा, समुद्री डकैती नियंत्रण, पर्यावरण संरक्षण और आपदा प्रतिक्रिया।
✅ भारत ने CGGS 2027 की मेजबानी के लिए बोली लगाई है ताकि समुद्री कूटनीति और ब्लू इकोनॉमी नेतृत्व को मजबूत किया जा सके।
#currentaffairs
Join https://www.tg-me.com/prelims_tricks
❤4👍2👌2
🗞 Prelims 2026 starts now!!!
🆕First Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.
💻 Known the source of UPSC Prelims Current Affairs Questions.
▶️Many failures have cleared Prelims for the first time from our platform. It’s your turn now.
📝Solve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1493
Telegram link: https://www.tg-me.com/goalTide
🆕First Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.
💻 Known the source of UPSC Prelims Current Affairs Questions.
▶️Many failures have cleared Prelims for the first time from our platform. It’s your turn now.
📝Solve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1493
Telegram link: https://www.tg-me.com/goalTide
❤4
🔆 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) — Key Facts & Current Status
📍 Recent Context
✅ To mark a milestone, NABARD and the Department of Financial Services (Ministry of Finance) are organizing a national event in New Delhi celebrating RRBs’ contribution to rural development.
📍 About RRBs
✅ Established: 1975 (by Ordinance), formalized through Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976.
✅ Objective: Provide institutional credit to agriculture & rural sectors, supplementing cooperative credit channels.
✅ Shareholding:
• Govt. of India – 50%
• State Govt. – 15%
• Sponsoring Bank – 35%
✅ Target Clients: Small & marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, rural artisans, and priority sectors.
✅ Regulation:
• Regulated by: RBI (under Banking Regulation Act, 1949)
• Supervised by: NABARD
✅ Priority Sector Lending: Must allocate 75% of ANBC/CEOBE (whichever higher) to PSL.
✅ Amalgamation: Began in 2005 after Dr. V.S. Vyas Committee (2001) to improve infrastructure & service delivery.
📍 Current Status & Performance (as of March 2022)
✅ Number of RRBs: 43, sponsored by 12 Scheduled Commercial Banks.
✅ Sponsorship: All PSBs except Punjab & Sind Bank sponsor at least one; J&K Bank is the only private sponsor.
✅ PSL Leadership: 89% of total lending directed toward priority sectors.
✅ Role in Financial Inclusion:
• PMJDY accounts: 18.5% share
• PMSBY enrolments: 13.3% share
• PM-Kisan beneficiaries: 16.9% share
#mains #prelims #economy
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_economy
📍 Recent Context
✅ To mark a milestone, NABARD and the Department of Financial Services (Ministry of Finance) are organizing a national event in New Delhi celebrating RRBs’ contribution to rural development.
📍 About RRBs
✅ Established: 1975 (by Ordinance), formalized through Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976.
✅ Objective: Provide institutional credit to agriculture & rural sectors, supplementing cooperative credit channels.
✅ Shareholding:
• Govt. of India – 50%
• State Govt. – 15%
• Sponsoring Bank – 35%
✅ Target Clients: Small & marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, rural artisans, and priority sectors.
✅ Regulation:
• Regulated by: RBI (under Banking Regulation Act, 1949)
• Supervised by: NABARD
✅ Priority Sector Lending: Must allocate 75% of ANBC/CEOBE (whichever higher) to PSL.
✅ Amalgamation: Began in 2005 after Dr. V.S. Vyas Committee (2001) to improve infrastructure & service delivery.
📍 Current Status & Performance (as of March 2022)
✅ Number of RRBs: 43, sponsored by 12 Scheduled Commercial Banks.
✅ Sponsorship: All PSBs except Punjab & Sind Bank sponsor at least one; J&K Bank is the only private sponsor.
✅ PSL Leadership: 89% of total lending directed toward priority sectors.
✅ Role in Financial Inclusion:
• PMJDY accounts: 18.5% share
• PMSBY enrolments: 13.3% share
• PM-Kisan beneficiaries: 16.9% share
#mains #prelims #economy
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_economy
❤6
71st BPSC Prelims Result.pdf
2.1 MB
BPSC prelims result
#Goodmorning
⏳186 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳276 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳19 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳11 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳81 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳242 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳186 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳276 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳19 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳11 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳81 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳242 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
❤4
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 18 NOVEMBER 2025
📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ Oman Airports launched the world’s first Wi-Fi 7 airport network, enabling ultra-fast aviation operations.
✅ 3rd International Ayurveda Conference held in São Paulo, Brazil (14–15 Nov); theme — “Diversity & Inclusion in Ayurveda: Caring for Everybody & Every Being.”
✅ Brazil marks 40 years of Ayurveda recognition.
📍 NATIONAL AFFAIRS
✅ Centre targets awarding 10,000 km of National Highway projects in FY 2026.
• FY23: ~12,000 km → FY24: ~7,500 km → FY25: ~6,000 km
✅ India signs its first long-term (1-year) US LPG import deal for 2.2 MTPA, strengthening energy security.
✅ 10th International Gita Festival begins in Kurukshetra; Madhya Pradesh is the partner state.
✅ India’s unemployment rate stays at 5.2% (Oct 2025); LFPR: 55.4%, WPR: 52.5%.
✅ Intellipaat × IndiaAI Mission launch YUVAi for ALL to make 1 crore citizens AI-literate by Jan 2026.
📍 DEFENCE
✅ India–UK Exercise AJEYA WARRIOR-25 begins in Rajasthan (17–30 Nov).
✅ Indian Navy to commission “MAHE”, first of eight ASW–Shallow Water Craft, built by Cochin Shipyard Ltd.
✅ Defence Minister Rajnath Singh unveils Rezang La Memorial Stamp honouring 13 Kumaon Regiment (1962 War).
📍 STATES
✅ Himachal Pradesh celebrates Raulane Festival, a 5,000-year-old tradition honouring mystical Sauni fairies.
✅ Supreme Court protects 314 sq km of Saranda Forest (Jharkhand) — to be declared a Wildlife Sanctuary.
✅ Rajasthan to celebrate the Ghoomar Festival on 19 November, across all 7 divisional HQs.
✅ Andhra Pradesh × WEF to establish a Centre for Energy & Cyber Resilience; state targets 160 GW green energy generation.
✅ Assam Zoo reports first-ever albino Checkered Keelback (Fowlea piscator) — a rare biodiversity record.
📍 SCHEMES
✅ National Beekeeping & Honey Mission (NBHM)
• Outlay: ₹500 crore (2020–26)
• India = 2nd largest honey exporter
• 2024 output: ~1.4 lakh MT
• Linked to Sweet Revolution
✅ Digital Agriculture Mission (2024–29)
• Builds India’s digital agri–infrastructure
• Systems: AgriStack, Krishi-DSS, soil fertility & profile mapping
📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ National Press Day: 16 Nov
✅ International Students’ Day: 17 Nov
✅ International Day for Tolerance: 16 Nov
✅ International Day Against Transnational Organised Crime: 15 Nov
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Mallika Srinivasan gets extended tenure as Chairperson, Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB).
📍 AWARDS / BOOKS
✅ National Gopal Ratna Awards 2025 (to be conferred on 26 Nov):
• 1st: ₹5,00,000
• 2nd: ₹3,00,000
• 3rd: ₹2,00,000
✅ Kochi Metro wins “City with Best Green Transport Initiative” at UMI 2025.
✅ Rajwanti Mann publishes “Jallianwala Bagh ki Karahein” — reviving banned colonial-era texts.
📍 SPORTS
✅ Ravindra Jadeja becomes the first Indian (and 4th globally) to achieve:
• 4000+ Test Runs
• 300+ Test Wickets
Current wickets: 338
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ Oman Airports launched the world’s first Wi-Fi 7 airport network, enabling ultra-fast aviation operations.
✅ 3rd International Ayurveda Conference held in São Paulo, Brazil (14–15 Nov); theme — “Diversity & Inclusion in Ayurveda: Caring for Everybody & Every Being.”
✅ Brazil marks 40 years of Ayurveda recognition.
📍 NATIONAL AFFAIRS
✅ Centre targets awarding 10,000 km of National Highway projects in FY 2026.
• FY23: ~12,000 km → FY24: ~7,500 km → FY25: ~6,000 km
✅ India signs its first long-term (1-year) US LPG import deal for 2.2 MTPA, strengthening energy security.
✅ 10th International Gita Festival begins in Kurukshetra; Madhya Pradesh is the partner state.
✅ India’s unemployment rate stays at 5.2% (Oct 2025); LFPR: 55.4%, WPR: 52.5%.
✅ Intellipaat × IndiaAI Mission launch YUVAi for ALL to make 1 crore citizens AI-literate by Jan 2026.
📍 DEFENCE
✅ India–UK Exercise AJEYA WARRIOR-25 begins in Rajasthan (17–30 Nov).
✅ Indian Navy to commission “MAHE”, first of eight ASW–Shallow Water Craft, built by Cochin Shipyard Ltd.
✅ Defence Minister Rajnath Singh unveils Rezang La Memorial Stamp honouring 13 Kumaon Regiment (1962 War).
📍 STATES
✅ Himachal Pradesh celebrates Raulane Festival, a 5,000-year-old tradition honouring mystical Sauni fairies.
✅ Supreme Court protects 314 sq km of Saranda Forest (Jharkhand) — to be declared a Wildlife Sanctuary.
✅ Rajasthan to celebrate the Ghoomar Festival on 19 November, across all 7 divisional HQs.
✅ Andhra Pradesh × WEF to establish a Centre for Energy & Cyber Resilience; state targets 160 GW green energy generation.
✅ Assam Zoo reports first-ever albino Checkered Keelback (Fowlea piscator) — a rare biodiversity record.
📍 SCHEMES
✅ National Beekeeping & Honey Mission (NBHM)
• Outlay: ₹500 crore (2020–26)
• India = 2nd largest honey exporter
• 2024 output: ~1.4 lakh MT
• Linked to Sweet Revolution
✅ Digital Agriculture Mission (2024–29)
• Builds India’s digital agri–infrastructure
• Systems: AgriStack, Krishi-DSS, soil fertility & profile mapping
📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ National Press Day: 16 Nov
✅ International Students’ Day: 17 Nov
✅ International Day for Tolerance: 16 Nov
✅ International Day Against Transnational Organised Crime: 15 Nov
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Mallika Srinivasan gets extended tenure as Chairperson, Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB).
📍 AWARDS / BOOKS
✅ National Gopal Ratna Awards 2025 (to be conferred on 26 Nov):
• 1st: ₹5,00,000
• 2nd: ₹3,00,000
• 3rd: ₹2,00,000
✅ Kochi Metro wins “City with Best Green Transport Initiative” at UMI 2025.
✅ Rajwanti Mann publishes “Jallianwala Bagh ki Karahein” — reviving banned colonial-era texts.
📍 SPORTS
✅ Ravindra Jadeja becomes the first Indian (and 4th globally) to achieve:
• 4000+ Test Runs
• 300+ Test Wickets
Current wickets: 338
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
❤13🔥2