42797653.pdf
593.6 KB
UKPSC 2025 Mains
Rejected Candidature List.
Rejected Candidature List.
UKPSC 2025 Mains Schedule .pdf
451.9 KB
UKPSC 2025 Mains Schedule
Starting from December 6th.
Starting from December 6th.
❤3👏2👌1
🔆 13 November 2025 – Current Affairs Round-Up
📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ India improves rank in Global Climate Risk Index 2025 (by Germanwatch).
• Annual CRI 2024 Rank: 15
• Long-term CRI (1995–2024): Rank 9
• India’s climate-linked economic losses: ~USD 170 billion
• Worst long-term affected nations: Dominica, Myanmar, Honduras
✅ Oman becomes a member of UNESCO’s Man & Biosphere Council (ICC) for 2025–2029.
• Event: 43rd UNESCO General Conference, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
• Two Omani sites added to World Network:
– Al-Sareen Nature Reserve
– Al Jabal Al Akhdar Landscape Reserve
✅ PM Modi – Bhutan Visit
• Inaugurates 1020 MW Hydroelectric Project with Bhutan’s King
• Event: Kalachakra Empowerment Ceremony
• Venue: Changlimithang Stadium, Thimphu
📍 NATIONAL
✅ Bharat Tex – 3rd Edition scheduled for 14–17 July 2026 (Venue: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi).
✅ 22nd CPA India Region Zone-III Conference (Nagaland)
• Theme: “Policy, Progress & People” – Legislatures as catalysts of change
✅ UIDAI signs MoU with Behavioural Insights Ltd to boost Aadhaar biometric updates for children.
• Mandatory update at age 5 and age 15
• MBU charges waived from 1 Oct 2025 (valid for 1 year)
✅ India launches first Megawatt-scale Vanadium Flow Battery
• Capacity: 3 MWh
• Supports long-duration renewable storage & grid resilience
✅ India Skills Report 2026
• Employability rises to 56.35% (46.2% in 2022 → 54.8% in 2025 → 56.3% in 2026)
• Theme: Gig Work, Freelancing & AI-supported roles
• India’s share in global AI talent pool: 16%
• Gig/freelance workforce to reach 23.5 million by 2030
📍 MoUs
✅ Survey of India + Indian Oil → Launch MapmyIndia Maps integration.
✅ IICA + WNS → Launch YBRANT programme on CSR, ESG & Sustainability.
✅ Assam + Google → Improve AI-enabled administration.
📍 SCHEMES
✅ MGNREGA
• Goal: 100 days of wage employment
• FY 2025–26 outlay: ₹86,000 crore
✅ PMMVY 2.0
• Benefits for second child only if girl
• Minimum beneficiary age: 19 years
📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ Public Service Broadcasting Day: 12 November
✅ World Pneumonia Day: 12 November
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Deepak Gupta selected as CMD of GAIL India.
✅ Noel Tata inducted into Sir Dorabji Tata Trust Board.
✅ Japanese actor Tatsuya Nakadai (star of Ran, Hara-Kiri) passes away at 92.
📍 SPORTS
✅ Mansukh Mandaviya unveils King’s Baton Relay for Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games.
✅ Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium to be transformed into modern sports city.
✅ Wellingdon Stadium to host first National Indoor Athletics Championships.
✅ Asian Games medalist Manju Bala receives five-year doping ban.
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ India improves rank in Global Climate Risk Index 2025 (by Germanwatch).
• Annual CRI 2024 Rank: 15
• Long-term CRI (1995–2024): Rank 9
• India’s climate-linked economic losses: ~USD 170 billion
• Worst long-term affected nations: Dominica, Myanmar, Honduras
✅ Oman becomes a member of UNESCO’s Man & Biosphere Council (ICC) for 2025–2029.
• Event: 43rd UNESCO General Conference, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
• Two Omani sites added to World Network:
– Al-Sareen Nature Reserve
– Al Jabal Al Akhdar Landscape Reserve
✅ PM Modi – Bhutan Visit
• Inaugurates 1020 MW Hydroelectric Project with Bhutan’s King
• Event: Kalachakra Empowerment Ceremony
• Venue: Changlimithang Stadium, Thimphu
📍 NATIONAL
✅ Bharat Tex – 3rd Edition scheduled for 14–17 July 2026 (Venue: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi).
✅ 22nd CPA India Region Zone-III Conference (Nagaland)
• Theme: “Policy, Progress & People” – Legislatures as catalysts of change
✅ UIDAI signs MoU with Behavioural Insights Ltd to boost Aadhaar biometric updates for children.
• Mandatory update at age 5 and age 15
• MBU charges waived from 1 Oct 2025 (valid for 1 year)
✅ India launches first Megawatt-scale Vanadium Flow Battery
• Capacity: 3 MWh
• Supports long-duration renewable storage & grid resilience
✅ India Skills Report 2026
• Employability rises to 56.35% (46.2% in 2022 → 54.8% in 2025 → 56.3% in 2026)
• Theme: Gig Work, Freelancing & AI-supported roles
• India’s share in global AI talent pool: 16%
• Gig/freelance workforce to reach 23.5 million by 2030
📍 MoUs
✅ Survey of India + Indian Oil → Launch MapmyIndia Maps integration.
✅ IICA + WNS → Launch YBRANT programme on CSR, ESG & Sustainability.
✅ Assam + Google → Improve AI-enabled administration.
📍 SCHEMES
✅ MGNREGA
• Goal: 100 days of wage employment
• FY 2025–26 outlay: ₹86,000 crore
✅ PMMVY 2.0
• Benefits for second child only if girl
• Minimum beneficiary age: 19 years
📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ Public Service Broadcasting Day: 12 November
✅ World Pneumonia Day: 12 November
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Deepak Gupta selected as CMD of GAIL India.
✅ Noel Tata inducted into Sir Dorabji Tata Trust Board.
✅ Japanese actor Tatsuya Nakadai (star of Ran, Hara-Kiri) passes away at 92.
📍 SPORTS
✅ Mansukh Mandaviya unveils King’s Baton Relay for Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games.
✅ Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium to be transformed into modern sports city.
✅ Wellingdon Stadium to host first National Indoor Athletics Championships.
✅ Asian Games medalist Manju Bala receives five-year doping ban.
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
❤5
🔆 Star Formation & Stellar Evolution (Full Revision Post)
🔆 1. Star Formation in Galaxies
📍 Where stars form
✅ Born in clouds of gas & dust (nebulae) inside galaxies
✅ Turbulence creates dense knots → collapse under gravity
📍 Protostar formation
✅ Collapsing cloud heats up → forms protostar
✅ Remaining material → planets, asteroids, comets
📍 Nuclear fusion begins
✅ Hydrogen → Helium inside the core
➡️ Energy flow prevents collapse & makes the star shine
🔆 2. Six Stages of Sun-like Star Formation
📍 A → ISM collapse → forms prestellar core (B)
📍 C → Disk formation with jets at poles
📍 D → Gas accretes on disk
📍 E → Star is born
📍 F → Planets form → Solar system lasts ~10 billion years
🔆 3. Key Terms
📍 Nebula
✅ Cloud of hydrogen + helium + dust
✅ Birthplace of stars
📍 Protostar
✅ Not hot enough for fusion
✅ Emits light from gravitational contraction
✅ Hidden by dust → hard to observe
📍 T Tauri Star
✅ Young star (<10 million years)
✅ Transitional stage between protostar & main-sequence
🔆 4. Main Sequence Stars
📍 Main Features
✅ Fuse hydrogen → helium
✅ 90% of all stars
✅ Sun = main sequence star
📍 End Stage
➡️ Swells into red giant → planetary nebula → white dwarf
🔆 5. Red Dwarf
📍 Characteristics
✅ Smallest & faintest main-sequence stars
✅ Not visible to naked eye
✅ Surface temp: ~4000°C
➡️ Most common in Milky Way
➡️ Proxima Centauri = red dwarf
🔆 6. Red Giant / Red Supergiant
📍 Red Giant
✅ 10–100× Sun’s diameter
✅ Bright but cooler surface
✅ Hydrogen exhausted → fusion in shell
➡️ Forms carbon in the core
📍 Red Supergiant
✅ Massive version of red giant
➡️ Final stage before supernova
🔆 7. Degenerate Matter
📍 When fusion slows → gravity collapses the star
📍 Electrons squeezed → matter becomes super-dense
➡️ Found in white dwarfs & neutron stars
🔆 8. Planetary Nebula → White Dwarf
📍 Planetary Nebula
✅ Star sheds outer layers after red giant stage
📍 White Dwarf
✅ Remnant core (very small, very dense)
➡️ Made of degenerate matter
➡️ 1 spoon = several tonnes
🔆 9. Nova vs Supernova
📍 Nova
✅ Occurs on white dwarf in a binary system
✅ Gas from companion → surface fusion → sudden brightening
➡️ Star survives
📍 Type I Supernova
✅ White dwarf accumulates too much mass
➡️ Runaway thermonuclear explosion destroys star
📍 Type II Supernova
✅ Collapse of core of a massive star (iron core)
➡️ Red supergiant explosion
📍 Importance
➡️ Creates heavier elements (gold, uranium)
➡️ Spreads them into space → new stars form
🔆 10. Black Dwarf
📍 Final stage of white dwarf → becomes black dwarf
📍 None exist yet (universe too young)
🔆 11. Brown Dwarf
📍 Too large to be planets, too small for stars
📍 Core never reaches fusion temperature
🔆 12. Neutron Star
📍 Formed after supernova
📍 Protons + electrons → neutrons
➡️ Extremely dense (Sun’s mass in 20km sphere)
➡️ If mass increases → collapses into a black hole
🔆 13. Black Hole
📍 Collapse of massive star
📍 Gravity so strong → nothing escapes, not even light
📍 Shows gravitational lensing
📍 Can swallow stars & gas
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
🔆 1. Star Formation in Galaxies
📍 Where stars form
✅ Born in clouds of gas & dust (nebulae) inside galaxies
✅ Turbulence creates dense knots → collapse under gravity
📍 Protostar formation
✅ Collapsing cloud heats up → forms protostar
✅ Remaining material → planets, asteroids, comets
📍 Nuclear fusion begins
✅ Hydrogen → Helium inside the core
➡️ Energy flow prevents collapse & makes the star shine
🔆 2. Six Stages of Sun-like Star Formation
📍 A → ISM collapse → forms prestellar core (B)
📍 C → Disk formation with jets at poles
📍 D → Gas accretes on disk
📍 E → Star is born
📍 F → Planets form → Solar system lasts ~10 billion years
🔆 3. Key Terms
📍 Nebula
✅ Cloud of hydrogen + helium + dust
✅ Birthplace of stars
📍 Protostar
✅ Not hot enough for fusion
✅ Emits light from gravitational contraction
✅ Hidden by dust → hard to observe
📍 T Tauri Star
✅ Young star (<10 million years)
✅ Transitional stage between protostar & main-sequence
🔆 4. Main Sequence Stars
📍 Main Features
✅ Fuse hydrogen → helium
✅ 90% of all stars
✅ Sun = main sequence star
📍 End Stage
➡️ Swells into red giant → planetary nebula → white dwarf
🔆 5. Red Dwarf
📍 Characteristics
✅ Smallest & faintest main-sequence stars
✅ Not visible to naked eye
✅ Surface temp: ~4000°C
➡️ Most common in Milky Way
➡️ Proxima Centauri = red dwarf
🔆 6. Red Giant / Red Supergiant
📍 Red Giant
✅ 10–100× Sun’s diameter
✅ Bright but cooler surface
✅ Hydrogen exhausted → fusion in shell
➡️ Forms carbon in the core
📍 Red Supergiant
✅ Massive version of red giant
➡️ Final stage before supernova
🔆 7. Degenerate Matter
📍 When fusion slows → gravity collapses the star
📍 Electrons squeezed → matter becomes super-dense
➡️ Found in white dwarfs & neutron stars
🔆 8. Planetary Nebula → White Dwarf
📍 Planetary Nebula
✅ Star sheds outer layers after red giant stage
📍 White Dwarf
✅ Remnant core (very small, very dense)
➡️ Made of degenerate matter
➡️ 1 spoon = several tonnes
🔆 9. Nova vs Supernova
📍 Nova
✅ Occurs on white dwarf in a binary system
✅ Gas from companion → surface fusion → sudden brightening
➡️ Star survives
📍 Type I Supernova
✅ White dwarf accumulates too much mass
➡️ Runaway thermonuclear explosion destroys star
📍 Type II Supernova
✅ Collapse of core of a massive star (iron core)
➡️ Red supergiant explosion
📍 Importance
➡️ Creates heavier elements (gold, uranium)
➡️ Spreads them into space → new stars form
🔆 10. Black Dwarf
📍 Final stage of white dwarf → becomes black dwarf
📍 None exist yet (universe too young)
🔆 11. Brown Dwarf
📍 Too large to be planets, too small for stars
📍 Core never reaches fusion temperature
🔆 12. Neutron Star
📍 Formed after supernova
📍 Protons + electrons → neutrons
➡️ Extremely dense (Sun’s mass in 20km sphere)
➡️ If mass increases → collapses into a black hole
🔆 13. Black Hole
📍 Collapse of massive star
📍 Gravity so strong → nothing escapes, not even light
📍 Shows gravitational lensing
📍 Can swallow stars & gas
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
❤9🔥1
🔆 Important Indian & Regional Scripts – Quick Revision Post
📍 Gupta Script
✅ Used to write Sanskrit during the Gupta Empire.
✅ Descendant of Brahmi → gave rise to Nagari, Sharada, Siddham.
✅ Foundation for major scripts: Devanagari, Bengali, Assamese, Tibetan, Gurmukhi.
➡️ Part of the larger Brahmic script family.
📍 Kharosthi Script
✅ Used in Gandhara (Afghanistan–Pakistan).
✅ Period: 3rd century BCE – 3rd century CE.
✅ Deciphered by James Prinsep.
✅ Written right to left; resembles Roman numerals.
➡️ Sister script to Brahmi (also an abugida).
📍 Vatteluttu Script
✅ South Indian abugida.
✅ Evolved from Tamil-Brahmi.
✅ Used by Tamil people for writing Grantha/Pallava and early Tamil script.
📍 Kadamba Script
✅ First dedicated script for Kannada.
✅ Developed by the Kadamba dynasty (4th–6th century).
➡️ Later evolved into Kannada–Telugu script.
📍 Grantha Script
✅ Used in Tamil Nadu & Kerala (6th–20th century).
✅ For writing Sanskrit + Manipravalam.
🎓 Still used in Vedic schools.
➡️ Ancestor of Malayalam, Tigalari, Sinhala scripts.
📍 Sharada (Sarada) Script
✅ Emerged around 8th century CE.
✅ Used for Sanskrit & Kashmiri.
➡️ Now preserved mainly by Kashmiri Pandits for rituals.
📍 Gurmukhi Script
✅ Evolved from Sharada.
✅ Standardised by Guru Angad (16th century).
➡️ Script of Guru Granth Sahib; widely used for Punjabi.
📍 Devanagari Script
✅ One of the world’s most used abugida scripts.
✅ Written left to right.
🎯 Used for 120+ languages: Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, Konkani, Bodo, Maithili, Sanskrit, etc.
➡️ Standard script for classical Sanskrit today.
📍 Modi Script
✅ Administrative script for Marathi (till 20th century).
🎯 Also adapted for Urdu, Gujarati, Kannada, Tamil, etc.
➡️ Replaced by Balbodh style of Devanagari.
📍 Urdu Script
✅ Right-to-left script of Arabic–Persian origin.
🎯 Based on Nastaliq calligraphic style.
➡️ Extended form = Shahmukhi, used for Punjabi & Saraiki in Pakistan.
#prelims
#art_and_culture
@studytoday1
@upsc_art_and_culture
📍 Gupta Script
✅ Used to write Sanskrit during the Gupta Empire.
✅ Descendant of Brahmi → gave rise to Nagari, Sharada, Siddham.
✅ Foundation for major scripts: Devanagari, Bengali, Assamese, Tibetan, Gurmukhi.
➡️ Part of the larger Brahmic script family.
📍 Kharosthi Script
✅ Used in Gandhara (Afghanistan–Pakistan).
✅ Period: 3rd century BCE – 3rd century CE.
✅ Deciphered by James Prinsep.
✅ Written right to left; resembles Roman numerals.
➡️ Sister script to Brahmi (also an abugida).
📍 Vatteluttu Script
✅ South Indian abugida.
✅ Evolved from Tamil-Brahmi.
✅ Used by Tamil people for writing Grantha/Pallava and early Tamil script.
📍 Kadamba Script
✅ First dedicated script for Kannada.
✅ Developed by the Kadamba dynasty (4th–6th century).
➡️ Later evolved into Kannada–Telugu script.
📍 Grantha Script
✅ Used in Tamil Nadu & Kerala (6th–20th century).
✅ For writing Sanskrit + Manipravalam.
🎓 Still used in Vedic schools.
➡️ Ancestor of Malayalam, Tigalari, Sinhala scripts.
📍 Sharada (Sarada) Script
✅ Emerged around 8th century CE.
✅ Used for Sanskrit & Kashmiri.
➡️ Now preserved mainly by Kashmiri Pandits for rituals.
📍 Gurmukhi Script
✅ Evolved from Sharada.
✅ Standardised by Guru Angad (16th century).
➡️ Script of Guru Granth Sahib; widely used for Punjabi.
📍 Devanagari Script
✅ One of the world’s most used abugida scripts.
✅ Written left to right.
🎯 Used for 120+ languages: Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, Konkani, Bodo, Maithili, Sanskrit, etc.
➡️ Standard script for classical Sanskrit today.
📍 Modi Script
✅ Administrative script for Marathi (till 20th century).
🎯 Also adapted for Urdu, Gujarati, Kannada, Tamil, etc.
➡️ Replaced by Balbodh style of Devanagari.
📍 Urdu Script
✅ Right-to-left script of Arabic–Persian origin.
🎯 Based on Nastaliq calligraphic style.
➡️ Extended form = Shahmukhi, used for Punjabi & Saraiki in Pakistan.
#prelims
#art_and_culture
@studytoday1
@upsc_art_and_culture
❤3
#Goodmorning
⏳2 days left IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳191 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳280 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳24 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳16 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳86 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳247 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳2 days left IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳191 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳280 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳24 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳16 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳86 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳247 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
❤2
Operation Weed Out
✅ Conducted by Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) under the Ministry of Finance (CBIC).
✅ Objective: Crackdown on hydroponic weed smuggling under NDPS Act, 1985.
✅ Over 108.67 kg of hydroponic cannabis seized in 20 days across India.
ऑपरेशन वीड आउट
✅ राजस्व खुफिया निदेशालय (DRI) द्वारा वित्त मंत्रालय (CBIC) के अंतर्गत संचालित।
✅ उद्देश्य: NDPS अधिनियम, 1985 के तहत हाइड्रोपोनिक वीड तस्करी पर कार्रवाई।
✅ भारत भर में 20 दिनों में 108.67 किलोग्राम हाइड्रोपोनिक कैनाबिस जब्त।
#currentaffairs
Join https://www.tg-me.com/prelims_tricks
✅ Conducted by Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) under the Ministry of Finance (CBIC).
✅ Objective: Crackdown on hydroponic weed smuggling under NDPS Act, 1985.
✅ Over 108.67 kg of hydroponic cannabis seized in 20 days across India.
ऑपरेशन वीड आउट
✅ राजस्व खुफिया निदेशालय (DRI) द्वारा वित्त मंत्रालय (CBIC) के अंतर्गत संचालित।
✅ उद्देश्य: NDPS अधिनियम, 1985 के तहत हाइड्रोपोनिक वीड तस्करी पर कार्रवाई।
✅ भारत भर में 20 दिनों में 108.67 किलोग्राम हाइड्रोपोनिक कैनाबिस जब्त।
#currentaffairs
Join https://www.tg-me.com/prelims_tricks
❤5
Carlsberg Ridge Exploration
✅ India signed its first ISA contract to explore polymetallic sulphide nodules in the Carlsberg Ridge (Arabian Sea).
✅ Ridge forms the boundary between Indian & Arabian plates; rich in manganese, cobalt, nickel & copper.
✅ Contract signed with International Seabed Authority (ISA), Jamaica.
कार्ल्सबर्ग रिज़ एक्सप्लोरेशन
✅ भारत ने कार्ल्सबर्ग रिज (अरब सागर) में पॉलीमेटालिक सल्फाइड नोड्यूल्स का अन्वेषण करने के लिए अपना पहला ISA अनुबंध किया।
✅ रिज भारतीय और अरब प्लेटों के बीच सीमा बनाता है; मैंगनीज, कोबाल्ट, निकल और तांबा में समृद्ध।
✅ अनुबंध इंटरनेशनल सीबेड अथॉरिटी (ISA), जमैका के साथ किया गया।
#currentaffairs
Join https://www.tg-me.com/prelims_tricks
✅ India signed its first ISA contract to explore polymetallic sulphide nodules in the Carlsberg Ridge (Arabian Sea).
✅ Ridge forms the boundary between Indian & Arabian plates; rich in manganese, cobalt, nickel & copper.
✅ Contract signed with International Seabed Authority (ISA), Jamaica.
कार्ल्सबर्ग रिज़ एक्सप्लोरेशन
✅ भारत ने कार्ल्सबर्ग रिज (अरब सागर) में पॉलीमेटालिक सल्फाइड नोड्यूल्स का अन्वेषण करने के लिए अपना पहला ISA अनुबंध किया।
✅ रिज भारतीय और अरब प्लेटों के बीच सीमा बनाता है; मैंगनीज, कोबाल्ट, निकल और तांबा में समृद्ध।
✅ अनुबंध इंटरनेशनल सीबेड अथॉरिटी (ISA), जमैका के साथ किया गया।
#currentaffairs
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❤5
🔆 14 November 2025 – Current Affairs Round-Up
📍 NATIONAL
✅ QNu Labs demonstrates India’s first 500-km Quantum Key Distribution Network under the National Quantum Mission.
• Announced at ESTIC 2025 (Emerging Science, Technology & Innovation Conclave).
✅ AIIA sets new benchmark with Triple ISO Certification in Ayurveda Research:
• ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Mgmt.)
• ISO 14001:2015 (Environmental Mgmt.)
• ISO 45001:2018 (Occupational Health & Safety)
✅ India’s air passenger traffic touches 202 million in H1 FY26 (↑2.6% YoY) – CareEdge Ratings.
• International traffic: +6.9%
• Domestic: +4.6%
✅ Digital Labour Chouk App & Online BoCW Portal launched by Mansukh Mandaviya.
📍 DEFENCE
✅ Indian Army conducts Exercise Brahmastra in Rann & Creek sectors (strategic border exercise).
📍 STATES
✅ Maharashtra announces incentive scheme for sugar factories.
✅ Madhya Pradesh hikes Ladli Behna allowance to ₹1,500/month.
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Catherine Martha Ann Connolly sworn in as 10th President of Ireland.
📍 OBITUARY
✅ Eminent Telugu poet & lyricist Ande Sri Laxminarayana passes away.
📍 AWARDS / BOOKS
✅ Infosys Prize 2025 honours 6 young researchers for scientific excellence.
📍 SCIENCE & TECH
✅ IIT Guwahati develops new material to detect fuel adulteration & cleanse oil spills.
✅ Service India partners with two genomic labs to advance specific cancer testing.
📍 SPORTS
✅ Beighton Cup (126th edition) to be held at newly built Vivekananda Hockey Stadium.
✅ Abhishek Sharma becomes fastest to 1000 runs in T20Is (by balls faced) – 528 balls.
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
📍 NATIONAL
✅ QNu Labs demonstrates India’s first 500-km Quantum Key Distribution Network under the National Quantum Mission.
• Announced at ESTIC 2025 (Emerging Science, Technology & Innovation Conclave).
✅ AIIA sets new benchmark with Triple ISO Certification in Ayurveda Research:
• ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Mgmt.)
• ISO 14001:2015 (Environmental Mgmt.)
• ISO 45001:2018 (Occupational Health & Safety)
✅ India’s air passenger traffic touches 202 million in H1 FY26 (↑2.6% YoY) – CareEdge Ratings.
• International traffic: +6.9%
• Domestic: +4.6%
✅ Digital Labour Chouk App & Online BoCW Portal launched by Mansukh Mandaviya.
📍 DEFENCE
✅ Indian Army conducts Exercise Brahmastra in Rann & Creek sectors (strategic border exercise).
📍 STATES
✅ Maharashtra announces incentive scheme for sugar factories.
✅ Madhya Pradesh hikes Ladli Behna allowance to ₹1,500/month.
📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Catherine Martha Ann Connolly sworn in as 10th President of Ireland.
📍 OBITUARY
✅ Eminent Telugu poet & lyricist Ande Sri Laxminarayana passes away.
📍 AWARDS / BOOKS
✅ Infosys Prize 2025 honours 6 young researchers for scientific excellence.
📍 SCIENCE & TECH
✅ IIT Guwahati develops new material to detect fuel adulteration & cleanse oil spills.
✅ Service India partners with two genomic labs to advance specific cancer testing.
📍 SPORTS
✅ Beighton Cup (126th edition) to be held at newly built Vivekananda Hockey Stadium.
✅ Abhishek Sharma becomes fastest to 1000 runs in T20Is (by balls faced) – 528 balls.
#CurrentAffairs
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
❤3
🔆 ARISE Programme – CIF’s New Climate Resilience Initiative
📍 What is ARISE?
✅ ARISE = Accelerating Resilience Investments & Innovations for Sustainable Economies
✅ New programme to help poor/developing countries withstand climate change impacts.
✅ Launched by Climate Investment Funds (CIF) – a multilateral climate finance mechanism under the World Bank.
📍 Aim & Purpose
✅ Help nations turn climate risk into opportunity
✅ Strengthen adaptive capacity of economies
✅ Integrate resilience into development planning
✅ Mobilise finance from MDBs, climate funds & private sector
📍 Funding Update (2025)
✅ Germany + Spain pledged $100 million at COP30 (Belém, Brazil)
✅ Programme prioritises:
• Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
• Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
#goverment_schemes
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_government_scheme
📍 What is ARISE?
✅ ARISE = Accelerating Resilience Investments & Innovations for Sustainable Economies
✅ New programme to help poor/developing countries withstand climate change impacts.
✅ Launched by Climate Investment Funds (CIF) – a multilateral climate finance mechanism under the World Bank.
📍 Aim & Purpose
✅ Help nations turn climate risk into opportunity
✅ Strengthen adaptive capacity of economies
✅ Integrate resilience into development planning
✅ Mobilise finance from MDBs, climate funds & private sector
📍 Funding Update (2025)
✅ Germany + Spain pledged $100 million at COP30 (Belém, Brazil)
✅ Programme prioritises:
• Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
• Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
#goverment_schemes
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_government_scheme
❤4
#Goodmorning
⏳ Tomorrow IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳190 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳279 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳23 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳15 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳85 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳246 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳ Tomorrow IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳190 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳279 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳23 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳15 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳85 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳246 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
❤1
🔆 Antigens vs Antibodies
📍 Antigens (Immunogens)
✅ Foreign substances that trigger an immune response
✅ Usually bacteria, viruses, protozoa, allergens, toxins, snake venom, foreign RBCs
✅ Activate lymphocytes → body produces antibodies
Types:
• Heteroantigens: microbes, allergens, venom, foreign blood
• Autoantigens: body’s own molecules attacked in autoimmune diseases
🧠 Antigens have epitopes → the exact part antibodies bind to.
📍 Antibodies (Immunoglobulins / Ig)
✅ Y-shaped proteins produced by B-cells
✅ Bind and neutralise specific antigens
Functions:
• Tag antigens for destruction
• Block them from entering healthy cells
• Help kill pathogens
Major Types (exam-important):
• IgG: most abundant; long-term immunity
• IgM: first antibody produced
• IgA: in mucus, saliva, tears; removes antigens
• IgE: allergy + parasite defence
• IgD: activates B-cells
🧠 Antibodies have paratopes → regions that bind to antigen epitopes.
📍 Key Differences
• Antigens → cause illness; Antibodies → fight illness
• Antigens → often lipids/proteins; Antibodies → always proteins
• Antigens → enter from outside; Antibodies → made inside the body
• Antigens use epitopes; Antibodies use paratopes
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
📍 Antigens (Immunogens)
✅ Foreign substances that trigger an immune response
✅ Usually bacteria, viruses, protozoa, allergens, toxins, snake venom, foreign RBCs
✅ Activate lymphocytes → body produces antibodies
Types:
• Heteroantigens: microbes, allergens, venom, foreign blood
• Autoantigens: body’s own molecules attacked in autoimmune diseases
🧠 Antigens have epitopes → the exact part antibodies bind to.
📍 Antibodies (Immunoglobulins / Ig)
✅ Y-shaped proteins produced by B-cells
✅ Bind and neutralise specific antigens
Functions:
• Tag antigens for destruction
• Block them from entering healthy cells
• Help kill pathogens
Major Types (exam-important):
• IgG: most abundant; long-term immunity
• IgM: first antibody produced
• IgA: in mucus, saliva, tears; removes antigens
• IgE: allergy + parasite defence
• IgD: activates B-cells
🧠 Antibodies have paratopes → regions that bind to antigen epitopes.
📍 Key Differences
• Antigens → cause illness; Antibodies → fight illness
• Antigens → often lipids/proteins; Antibodies → always proteins
• Antigens → enter from outside; Antibodies → made inside the body
• Antigens use epitopes; Antibodies use paratopes
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
❤5👌2👏1
doc20251112690301.pdf
1.7 MB
🔆 NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION — KEY FACTS
📍 Core Targets (2030)
✅ 5 MMT/yr Green H₂
✅ 125 GW RE capacity
✅ ₹8 lakh cr investments
✅ 6 lakh jobs
✅ Cuts imports by ₹1 lakh+ cr
📍 What Counts as Green H₂?
✅ Produced using renewables/biomass
✅ Emissions ≤ 2 kg CO₂/kg H₂
📍 Mission Outlay: ₹19,744 cr
✅ SIGHT Scheme: ₹17,490 cr
✅ Pilot Projects: ₹1,466 cr
✅ R&D: ₹400 cr
📍 Key Actions
✅ Electrolyser & H₂ production incentives (SIGHT)
✅ Green Hydrogen Hubs: Deendayal, VOC Port, Paradip
✅ GHCI certification (BEE)
✅ 23 R&D projects + Startup Call
📍 Sectoral Push
✅ Fertilizers: 7.24 LMT green ammonia auction
✅ Steel & Refineries: multiple pilots
✅ Mobility: 37 H₂ vehicles, 9 refuelling stations
✅ Shipping: India’s 1st port pilot at VOC Port
📍 Global Partnerships
✅ EU, UK, Germany (H2Global), Singapore
✅ India Pavilion at World Hydrogen Summit
🔆 MAINS QUESTION
“Evaluate the significance of Green Hydrogen in India’s Net-Zero strategy.”
#GS3
📍 Core Targets (2030)
✅ 5 MMT/yr Green H₂
✅ 125 GW RE capacity
✅ ₹8 lakh cr investments
✅ 6 lakh jobs
✅ Cuts imports by ₹1 lakh+ cr
📍 What Counts as Green H₂?
✅ Produced using renewables/biomass
✅ Emissions ≤ 2 kg CO₂/kg H₂
📍 Mission Outlay: ₹19,744 cr
✅ SIGHT Scheme: ₹17,490 cr
✅ Pilot Projects: ₹1,466 cr
✅ R&D: ₹400 cr
📍 Key Actions
✅ Electrolyser & H₂ production incentives (SIGHT)
✅ Green Hydrogen Hubs: Deendayal, VOC Port, Paradip
✅ GHCI certification (BEE)
✅ 23 R&D projects + Startup Call
📍 Sectoral Push
✅ Fertilizers: 7.24 LMT green ammonia auction
✅ Steel & Refineries: multiple pilots
✅ Mobility: 37 H₂ vehicles, 9 refuelling stations
✅ Shipping: India’s 1st port pilot at VOC Port
📍 Global Partnerships
✅ EU, UK, Germany (H2Global), Singapore
✅ India Pavilion at World Hydrogen Summit
🔆 MAINS QUESTION
“Evaluate the significance of Green Hydrogen in India’s Net-Zero strategy.”
#GS3
❤4
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2025
✅ IIT Madras retained 1st in “Overall” & “Engineering”; IISc Bengaluru topped “Research Institutions”.
✅ Introduced new category – Sustainability Ranking to assess climate & energy initiatives..
राष्ट्रीय संस्थागत रैंकिंग फ्रेमवर्क (NIRF) 2025
✅ IIT मद्रास ने “कुल” और “इंजीनियरिंग” में 1वां स्थान बनाए रखा; IISc बेंगलुरु ने “अनुसंधान संस्थान” में शीर्ष स्थान प्राप्त किया।
✅ नई श्रेणी – सस्टेनेबिलिटी रैंकिंग शुरू की गई ताकि जलवायु और ऊर्जा पहलों का आकलन किया जा सके।
#currentaffairs
Join https://www.tg-me.com/prelims_tricks
✅ IIT Madras retained 1st in “Overall” & “Engineering”; IISc Bengaluru topped “Research Institutions”.
✅ Introduced new category – Sustainability Ranking to assess climate & energy initiatives..
राष्ट्रीय संस्थागत रैंकिंग फ्रेमवर्क (NIRF) 2025
✅ IIT मद्रास ने “कुल” और “इंजीनियरिंग” में 1वां स्थान बनाए रखा; IISc बेंगलुरु ने “अनुसंधान संस्थान” में शीर्ष स्थान प्राप्त किया।
✅ नई श्रेणी – सस्टेनेबिलिटी रैंकिंग शुरू की गई ताकि जलवायु और ऊर्जा पहलों का आकलन किया जा सके।
#currentaffairs
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❤1
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) Enumeration
✅ MoTA approved separate PVTG count in Census 2027.
✅ India has 75 PVTGs across 18 States & UTs; data to aid targeted welfare under PM Janjati Adivasi Nyay Mission.
विशेष रूप से संवेदनशील जनजातीय समूह (PVTG) गणना
✅ MoTA ने अलग PVTG गणना को जनगणना 2027 में मंजूरी दी।
✅ भारत में 75 PVTG हैं जो 18 राज्यों और केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में फैले हैं; डेटा प्रधानमंत्री जनजाति आदिवासी न्याय मिशन के तहत लक्षित कल्याण में मदद करेगा।
#currentaffairs
Join https://www.tg-me.com/prelims_tricks
✅ MoTA approved separate PVTG count in Census 2027.
✅ India has 75 PVTGs across 18 States & UTs; data to aid targeted welfare under PM Janjati Adivasi Nyay Mission.
विशेष रूप से संवेदनशील जनजातीय समूह (PVTG) गणना
✅ MoTA ने अलग PVTG गणना को जनगणना 2027 में मंजूरी दी।
✅ भारत में 75 PVTG हैं जो 18 राज्यों और केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में फैले हैं; डेटा प्रधानमंत्री जनजाति आदिवासी न्याय मिशन के तहत लक्षित कल्याण में मदद करेगा।
#currentaffairs
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❤4
Operation Black Forest (Odisha)
✅ Joint anti-naxal operation (Odisha Police + CRPF) in Swabhiman Anchal.
✅ Neutralised key Maoist leaders; improved road & telecom access in red-zone areas.
ऑपरेशन ब्लैक फॉरेस्ट (ओडिशा)
✅ संयुक्त नक्सल विरोधी अभियान (ओडिशा पुलिस + CRPF) स्वाभिमान अंचल में।
✅ प्रमुख माओवादी नेताओं को निष्क्रिय किया; रेड-ज़ोन क्षेत्रों में सड़क और टेलीकॉम पहुंच में सुधार।
#currentaffairs
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✅ Joint anti-naxal operation (Odisha Police + CRPF) in Swabhiman Anchal.
✅ Neutralised key Maoist leaders; improved road & telecom access in red-zone areas.
ऑपरेशन ब्लैक फॉरेस्ट (ओडिशा)
✅ संयुक्त नक्सल विरोधी अभियान (ओडिशा पुलिस + CRPF) स्वाभिमान अंचल में।
✅ प्रमुख माओवादी नेताओं को निष्क्रिय किया; रेड-ज़ोन क्षेत्रों में सड़क और टेलीकॉम पहुंच में सुधार।
#currentaffairs
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❤1
doc20251114692801.pdf
3.2 MB
Janjatiya Gaurav Divas
Honouring India’s Tribal Freedom Fighters
Honouring India’s Tribal Freedom Fighters
🔆 UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 15 November 2025
🔆 GS-3: Environment
📍 Conservation as Coexistence
Context: India needs to shift from fortress conservation to community-led models.
✅ Conservation = sustainable management of ecosystems + biodiversity
✅ India currently relies on protection-based systems (NPs, WLS, ESZs)
✅ Limitations → exclusion of local communities, weak enforcement, conflicts
✅ Coexistence models involve community-based, co-managed & landscape governance
✅ Gir (Gujarat): Lions thrive outside PA due to Maldhari tolerance
✅ Biate Villages (Meghalaya): Traditional jhum sustaining biodiversity
✅ Way Ahead → inclusive conservation, FPIC, indigenous knowledge integration
🔆 GS-4: Ethics
📍 Media Ethics – Dharmendra ICU Footage Issue
✅ Leaked ICU video triggered privacy, dignity, and misinformation concerns
✅ Core ethics → truth, accuracy, fairness, independence, privacy, accountability
✅ Decline due to TRP race, weak regulation, paparazzi culture
✅ Fixes → strict privacy norms (ICUs, funerals, minors), self-regulation, ombudsman
✅ Media literacy + ethical newsroom training essential
🔆 CME – Mains Enrichment
📍 Saalumarada Thimmakka (Mother of Trees)
✅ Planted & nurtured 385 banyan trees with husband
✅ Symbol of grassroots environmental ethics & perseverance
✅ Excellent anecdote for Essay & Ethics on stewardship & individual agency
🔆 Facts for Prelims (FFP)
📍 Indigenous High-Precision Diode Laser (India)
✅ Developed by Prenishq Pvt. Ltd. (IIT Delhi spin-off)
✅ Supports QKD, quantum computing, spectroscopy, atomic clocks
✅ Backed by National Quantum Mission
📍 Birsa Munda – 150th Birth Anniversary
✅ Leader of Ulgulan (Munda Rebellion)
✅ Legacy → Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908
✅ Born in Ulihatu, Jharkhand
📍 Operation Southern Spear (USA)
✅ Large US naval + unmanned operation targeting Latin American drug cartels
✅ Uses robotic vessels, drones, high-speed interdiction
📍 DPDP Rules 2025
✅ Implements DPDP Act 2023 with 18-month rollout
✅ Clear consent notices + breach reporting mandatory
✅ Strengthens rights: access, erase, correct, withdraw consent
✅ Digital-first Data Protection Board
📍 Ammonium Nitrate
✅ Chemical: NH₄NO₃, strong oxidiser, explosive with fuel
✅ Regulated under Ammonium Nitrate Rules 2012
✅ Used in fertilizers + mining explosives (ANFO)
📍 DRDO Man-Portable AUVs
✅ Designed for underwater mine detection & classification
✅ Features → AI-based recognition, side-scan sonar, multi-AUV missions
🔆 Mapping
📍 Lake Turkana (Kenya–Ethiopia)
✅ World’s largest permanent desert lake
✅ Located in East African Rift System
✅ Fed by the Omo River; key paleoanthropological site
#CurrentAffairs
🔆 GS-3: Environment
📍 Conservation as Coexistence
Context: India needs to shift from fortress conservation to community-led models.
✅ Conservation = sustainable management of ecosystems + biodiversity
✅ India currently relies on protection-based systems (NPs, WLS, ESZs)
✅ Limitations → exclusion of local communities, weak enforcement, conflicts
✅ Coexistence models involve community-based, co-managed & landscape governance
✅ Gir (Gujarat): Lions thrive outside PA due to Maldhari tolerance
✅ Biate Villages (Meghalaya): Traditional jhum sustaining biodiversity
✅ Way Ahead → inclusive conservation, FPIC, indigenous knowledge integration
🔆 GS-4: Ethics
📍 Media Ethics – Dharmendra ICU Footage Issue
✅ Leaked ICU video triggered privacy, dignity, and misinformation concerns
✅ Core ethics → truth, accuracy, fairness, independence, privacy, accountability
✅ Decline due to TRP race, weak regulation, paparazzi culture
✅ Fixes → strict privacy norms (ICUs, funerals, minors), self-regulation, ombudsman
✅ Media literacy + ethical newsroom training essential
🔆 CME – Mains Enrichment
📍 Saalumarada Thimmakka (Mother of Trees)
✅ Planted & nurtured 385 banyan trees with husband
✅ Symbol of grassroots environmental ethics & perseverance
✅ Excellent anecdote for Essay & Ethics on stewardship & individual agency
🔆 Facts for Prelims (FFP)
📍 Indigenous High-Precision Diode Laser (India)
✅ Developed by Prenishq Pvt. Ltd. (IIT Delhi spin-off)
✅ Supports QKD, quantum computing, spectroscopy, atomic clocks
✅ Backed by National Quantum Mission
📍 Birsa Munda – 150th Birth Anniversary
✅ Leader of Ulgulan (Munda Rebellion)
✅ Legacy → Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908
✅ Born in Ulihatu, Jharkhand
📍 Operation Southern Spear (USA)
✅ Large US naval + unmanned operation targeting Latin American drug cartels
✅ Uses robotic vessels, drones, high-speed interdiction
📍 DPDP Rules 2025
✅ Implements DPDP Act 2023 with 18-month rollout
✅ Clear consent notices + breach reporting mandatory
✅ Strengthens rights: access, erase, correct, withdraw consent
✅ Digital-first Data Protection Board
📍 Ammonium Nitrate
✅ Chemical: NH₄NO₃, strong oxidiser, explosive with fuel
✅ Regulated under Ammonium Nitrate Rules 2012
✅ Used in fertilizers + mining explosives (ANFO)
📍 DRDO Man-Portable AUVs
✅ Designed for underwater mine detection & classification
✅ Features → AI-based recognition, side-scan sonar, multi-AUV missions
🔆 Mapping
📍 Lake Turkana (Kenya–Ethiopia)
✅ World’s largest permanent desert lake
✅ Located in East African Rift System
✅ Fed by the Omo River; key paleoanthropological site
#CurrentAffairs
❤8👍2👌1
#Goodmorning
⏳ All the best IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳189 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳278 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳22 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳14 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳84 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳245 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳ All the best IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳189 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳278 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳22 days left PPSC/JKPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳14 day's left CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳84 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳245 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
❤6
Majorana Particles
✅ Subatomic fermions that are their own antiparticles; studied for quantum computing potential.
✅ India’s IISER Pune & TIFR Mumbai simulated quantum models proving Majorana zero modes.
माजोराना कण
✅ उपपरमाण्विक फर्मियॉन जो अपने स्वयं के विरोधक कण होते हैं; क्वांटम कंप्यूटिंग की संभावनाओं के लिए अध्ययन किए जाते हैं।
✅ भारत के IISER पुणे और TIFR मुंबई ने क्वांटम मॉडल का सिमुलेशन किया जो माजोराना शून्य मोड को साबित करता है।
#currentaffairs
Join https://www.tg-me.com/prelims_tricks
✅ Subatomic fermions that are their own antiparticles; studied for quantum computing potential.
✅ India’s IISER Pune & TIFR Mumbai simulated quantum models proving Majorana zero modes.
माजोराना कण
✅ उपपरमाण्विक फर्मियॉन जो अपने स्वयं के विरोधक कण होते हैं; क्वांटम कंप्यूटिंग की संभावनाओं के लिए अध्ययन किए जाते हैं।
✅ भारत के IISER पुणे और TIFR मुंबई ने क्वांटम मॉडल का सिमुलेशन किया जो माजोराना शून्य मोड को साबित करता है।
#currentaffairs
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❤4
Pink Tax in India
✅ Refers to gender-based pricing — women pay 7–13% more for similar products/services.
✅ Common in personal care, clothing, salon & dry-cleaning sectors.
✅ Term coined in California (1994); in India, 67% unaware (IFSA survey).
भारत में पिंक टैक्स
✅ यह लिंग-आधारित मूल्य निर्धारण को संदर्भित करता है — महिलाओं को समान उत्पादों/सेवाओं के लिए 7–13% अधिक भुगतान करना पड़ता है।
✅ यह व्यक्तिगत देखभाल, कपड़ों, सैलून और ड्राई-क्लीनिंग क्षेत्रों में आम है।
✅ यह शब्द कैलिफोर्निया (1994) में गढ़ा गया था; भारत में, 67% लोग अनजान हैं (IFSA सर्वेक्षण)।
#CurrentAffairs
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✅ Refers to gender-based pricing — women pay 7–13% more for similar products/services.
✅ Common in personal care, clothing, salon & dry-cleaning sectors.
✅ Term coined in California (1994); in India, 67% unaware (IFSA survey).
भारत में पिंक टैक्स
✅ यह लिंग-आधारित मूल्य निर्धारण को संदर्भित करता है — महिलाओं को समान उत्पादों/सेवाओं के लिए 7–13% अधिक भुगतान करना पड़ता है।
✅ यह व्यक्तिगत देखभाल, कपड़ों, सैलून और ड्राई-क्लीनिंग क्षेत्रों में आम है।
✅ यह शब्द कैलिफोर्निया (1994) में गढ़ा गया था; भारत में, 67% लोग अनजान हैं (IFSA सर्वेक्षण)।
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