Vision to reality: The digital India journey

Authored by PM Modi.

A must read for those writing CSE MAINS 2025.

https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/vision-to-reality-the-digital-india-journey-101751382103112.html

🔆 Strategic Importance of the Northeast

✅ The northeast is rich in cultural diversity and natural resources. Its unique location, topography, and complex histories make it a distinctive space.
✅ However, linguistic, tribal, and cultural affinities can cause conflicts within the Indian state.

✅ Government Initiatives for Development
• Sela Tunnel (Arunachal Pradesh)
• Bhupen Hazarika Bridge (Assam)
• 11,000 km of new highways, rail lines, and airports
• 1,600 km Northeast Gas Grid
• Development of waterways on Brahmaputra and Barak rivers
• Expansion of mobile telephony
The Modi government and state governments aim to make the region attractive for investors and tourists.

✅ Peace and Security Efforts
• Framework Agreement with NSCN (Isak-Muivah) (2015)
• Bodo Peace Accord and Bru refugee settlement (2020)
• Rollback of Armed Forces Special Powers Act

✅ Challenges to Development
• Perception of Centre’s disengagement (e.g., Nagaland peace process)
• Interstate border disputes
• Local resistance to hydroelectric projects over environmental concerns
• Rising socio-political tensions due to immigration-related rhetoric

✅ Economic Potential and Investment
• Rising investments like Tata’s ₹27,000-crore semiconductor plant in Assam.
• Need to balance industrial growth with ecological and social sensitivities.

✅ Link to India’s Act East Policy
• Integrating Northeast with East Asian economies is key to successful Act East implementation.
• Enhancing connectivity and cooperation with Southeast Asia can make the region an economic gateway.

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🔆 India’s Internal Security & Cyber Snapshot

📍 Terrorism & Extremism
✅ 18 States/UTs have dedicated ATS, STF, CT units (sanctioned strength: 80–650)
✅ Only 6 States/UTs have SOPs + designated courts for terror cases
✅ India ranked 14th in Global Terrorism Index 2024 (↓ from 13th in 2023)
✅ 28 killed in 11 terror incidents (H1 2024), down from 44 in 2023
✅ 40 districts still affected by Left Wing Extremism (from 200 in 2001); 10 districts report >70% cases
✅ Insurgency incidents in NE ↓ 70% (2023 vs 2014)

📍 Money Laundering & Financial Crime
✅ Only 23 convictions out of 5500 PMLA cases (till 2023)
✅ India ranked 70/140 in Anti-Money Laundering Index (BASEL)
✅ Illicit flows = ~5% of India’s GDP (FICCI)
✅ Global: $2 trillion laundered annually (2–5% of global GDP – UNODC)
✅ 4.5 lakh ‘mule bank accounts’ frozen in 2023 (used for cybercrime – I4C)

📍 Border & Security
✅ Ceasefire violations (Indo-Pak): 5000 (2020) → 670 (2021) → ~100 (2022)
✅ Illegal migrants = 5.5 million (0.44% of India’s pop); 40% from B’desh, 13% from Pakistan

📍 Defence Readiness
✅ India’s defence budget split: Army 55%, IAF 25%, Navy 15%
✅ Global comparison: USA $700bn, China $200bn, Russia $70bn, India $65bn (SIPRI)
✅ India’s defence imports: Russia 40%, France 30%, USA 10%

📍 Health, Drugs, & Abuse
✅ 14.6% Indians use alcohol, 2.1% use opioids
✅ 1.5 crore minors into substance abuse
✅ Avg age for tobacco use: 12 years (MoSJ&E)

📍 Digital India & Cyber Threats
✅ Only 38% Indian households digitally literate
 • Urban: 61% • Rural: 25% (CBWE/Labour Ministry)
✅ 2023: ~400 million cyberattacks in India
 • 761 malware detections every minute
✅ Ransomware hit 75% of Indian orgs (2023)

📘 Source tags: MHA | I4C | FICCI | SIPRI | UNODC | Census 2011 | India Cyber Threat Report 2023 | CBWE | MoSJ&E

#Data #GS3 #mains #security

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