🌱 Indigenous Role in Forest Conservation – UPSC GS3

📍 Key Contributions
✅ Natural Flora conserved due to magico-religious beliefs
✅ Traditional Knowledge aids in medicinal plant cultivation
✅ Sacred Groves protect untouched biodiversity
✅ Sustainable Biodiversity via eco-harmonious lifestyles

📍 Case Study: Aka Tribe (Arunachal)
✅ Avoids overharvesting 🌿
✅ Spares pregnant/youth animals 🐾
✅ Harvests only essentials
→ Builds eco-friendly forest relations

📍 Way Forward
✅ Recognize Indigenous Rights
✅ Implement Forest Rights Act
✅ Conserve Traditional Knowledge

#environment

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🔆 Plastic Pollution: Challenges & Sectoral Contribution

📍 Global Context
✅ The world produces 400+ million tons of plastic annually.

📍 Key Challenges of Plastic Pollution
✅ Threat to Ecosystem: Harms marine and terrestrial biodiversity.
✅ Threat to Humans: Enters food chain, exposes humans to toxins.
✅ Threat to Climate: Emits GHGs during production, causes resource depletion.
✅ Economic Inequality: Affects livelihoods of fishers, farmers and vulnerable groups.
✅ Climate Injustice: Poorer countries bear a disproportionate waste burden.

📍 Sector-wise Contribution to Plastic Pollution (NCERT Data)
✅ Packaging – 36% (highest contributor)
✅ Building & Construction – 16%
✅ Textiles – 14%
✅ Consumer & Institutional Products – 10%
✅ Transportation – 7%
✅ Electrical/Electronics – 4%
✅ Others – 12%
✅ Industrial Machinery – 1%

#environment #mains #gs3


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🔆 Probable Impacts of De-globalisation on India

📍 Key Impacts
✅ Farmers & Agriculture: Reduced agricultural exports, lower demand for Indian produce.
✅ Technological Limitations: Limited knowledge sharing and tech access in developing countries.
✅ Political Instability: Rising prices, living costs, protests, and potential civil unrest due to protectionist measures.
✅ Economic Setbacks: Slower economic growth, reduced competition, higher prices affecting trade and businesses.
✅ Social Consequences: Lower standards of living, increased social tensions, and wealth inequality.

#society

🔆 Food Processing Industry – Key Stats (MoFPI)

📍 Sector Performance
✅ The Indian FP sector has performed well with an impressive average annual growth rate of 7.3% from 2015 to 2022

📍 Gross Value Addition (GVA)
✅ GVA in FP sector has increased from 1.30 lakh crore in 2013-14 to 2.08 lakh crore in 2021-22

📍 Sector Contribution
✅ FP sector accounted for 10.54% of Manufacturing GVA and 1.57% of Agriculture GVA in 2020-21

📍 Employment Impact
✅ FP sector employs around 1.93 million people, accounting for 2.38% of employment in the registered factory sector

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UKPSC

🔆 RFID Technology: Smart Tracking for Modern India

📍 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to identify and track tags attached to objects — enabling real-time inventory and data collection.

✅ EXAMPLE: FASTag uses RFID to auto-deduct tolls while a vehicle is in motion.

📘 Applications of RFID:
✅ Army Asset Tracking – Improves tracking of military equipment and assets
✅ Retail & Supply Chain – Tracks inventory, reduces theft, boosts customer service
✅ Access Control – Used in parking lots, event security, smart IDs
✅ Medical & Hospitals – Tracks medical records, monitors condition of patients
✅ Automation in Manufacturing – Tracks parts, tools, and machines in real-time
✅ Animal Tracking – RFID tags used to monitor livestock health and behavior

📘 Significance of RFID:
✅ Enhanced Tracking – Real-time monitoring of assets across sectors
✅ Increased Safety – Reduces errors by automating validation (e.g. in hospitals)
✅ Streamlined Operations – Simplifies complex workflows (e.g. logistics)
✅ Inventory Cost Reduction – Optimizes stock levels, prevents overholding
✅ Better Livestock Management – Tracks animal movement, migration
✅ Higher Productivity – Aids decision-making, speeds up processes

📘 Challenges:
✅ High Initial Costs – Expensive setup for small organizations
✅ Technical Issues – Interference from liquids or metals
✅ Privacy Concerns – Sensitive tracking data may be exploited
✅ Compatibility Issues – Global standardization remains poor

#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology

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🔆 Global Ocean Heat Content (OHC) – Climate Indicator

📍 Definition: Total heat absorbed & stored in oceans, measured at various depths.

✅ Key Facts
• Oceans absorb 90% of excess global heat.
• Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans warm faster than global average.
• Since 1980s, OHC has doubled/tripled (2023 study).

✅ Significance
• Drives sea level rise, alters weather, disrupts ecosystems, and strengthens cyclones.
• A stable climate change indicator beyond surface temperatures.

#Geography