🔆 National Manuscript Mission (NMM)

📍 Nodal Ministry
✅ Ministry of Culture

📍 Establishment
✅ 2003

📍 Objective
✅ The Mission aims to identify, document, conserve, and make accessible the manuscript heritage of India.

📍 Key Objectives
✅ Locate manuscripts through national level Survey and Post-Survey.
✅ Document each manuscript and repository for a National Electronic Database.
✅ Conserve manuscripts using modern and indigenous methods, and train a new generation of manuscript conservators.
✅ Train scholars in various aspects of Manuscript Studies.
✅ Promote access to manuscripts by digitizing rare and endangered manuscripts.
✅ Promote access to manuscripts through publication of critical editions and catalogues.
✅ Facilitate public engagement with manuscripts through lectures, seminars, and outreach programmes.

📍 Functioning
✅ NMM operates as a unit under the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts.

📍 Technological Use
✅ The NMM uses technology for preservation and digitisation of manuscripts.
✅ Digital manuscripts are uploaded to an online portal: [Pandulipi Patal](https://www.pandulipipatal.nic.in).

📍 Methodologies for Preservation
✅ Lamination, restoration, and deacidification of manuscripts.

✅ Coral Sea
• Contains the Great Barrier Reef
• 🌍 Countries (Mnemonic: VASP)
  ✅ Vanuatu
  ✅ Australia
  ✅ Solomon Islands
  ✅ Papua New Guinea

🔆What is PSLV?

✅PSLV = Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, designed to launch satellites into sun-synchronous polar orbits (SSPO).
✅It is a four-stage rocket with sequentially firing engines, shedding stages to reduce weight during ascent.

📍Technical specifications:

✅First stage: Uses HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) fuel, peak thrust ~4.8 MN; XL version adds 6 strap-on boosters for extra thrust.
✅Second stage: Powered by Vikas engine using unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (fuel) and nitrogen tetroxide (oxidiser), thrust ~0.8 MN.
✅Third stage: Uses HTPB fuel again.
✅Fourth stage: Uses monomethylhydrazine and mixed oxides of nitrogen with two engines.

📍PSLV-C61 mission specifics:

✅Launched May 18, 2023, at 5:59 am carrying EOS-09 satellite intended for SSPO.
✅Mission ended in failure due to a problem in the third stage.

#gs3
#science_technology

@upsc_science_and_technology

Timeline of major reform movement

Join @CSE_EXAM

CDS -2 2024 Final Result

#Goodmorning

⏳( Apko hrs tk yd honge aj ) only left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳90 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]

⏳365 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳454 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]


⏳16 days left ESE Prelims
⏳24 days left RAS mains 17 june
⏳36 days left UPPSC mains 29 June
⏳64 days UPPSC RO ARO 27 July
⏳141 days left UPPSC prelims 12 Oct

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

🔆 Important Plains of Europe

📍 North European Plain
✅ Countries: France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Denmark, Belarus, parts of Russia
✅ Facts:
• Extends from Pyrenees (west) to Ural Mountains (east)
• Largest mountain-free landform in Europe
• Known for fertile soils & extensive agriculture

📍 Pannonian Plain (Carpathian Basin)
✅ Countries: Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Romania, Slovakia, Austria
✅ Facts:
• Bounded by Carpathians & Alps
• Contains fertile lands supporting agriculture

📍 East European Plain / Steppes
✅ Countries: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
✅ Facts:
• Among the largest plains globally
• Includes vast steppes & agriculture zones
• Spans from Ural Mountains to western Russia

📍 Great Hungarian Plains
✅ Countries: Hungary, Serbia, Romania
✅ Facts:
• Contains Pustaz

Check List for Tomorrow (25th May)

Tangible items:

1. e-Admit Card

2. 2 Black ball point pen

3. Original Photo Identity Card, as mentioned in the e-Admit Card

4. 2 Passport size photos (with his/her name and date of photograph) , if appearing blurry/photograph is without his/her name and date in admit card

5. Transparent Water bottle and chocolates

6. Normal wrist watch,Mask, Sanitisers and Face cover etc whatever essential stuff you deem fit


Intangible items:

7. Brain, Blessings and Luck

8. DIL GHAR/ROOM PE HI RKH K JAANA H. Negative marking se bchna h to ! 😁👍👍🙏🙏🙏🤲🤲🤲✌️✌️✌️


Note: Be on time to avoid last-minute stress! Make sure you arrive at the examination venue at least an hour before the scheduled start time.
The examination venue closes 30 minutes before the scheduled start time. No candidates will be allowed entry after that time.

#HumHongeKamyaabEkDin

Best wishes comrades ✌️✌️

🔆Article 310 and Article 311

✅Recently President terminated services of Army Major posted with Strategic Forces Command under the powers conferred upon him under the article 310.
✅ Article 310 : The following members works at the pleasure of the President:
☑️ Members of the defence services, Civil services of the Centre and All-India services or persons holding military posts or civil posts under the Centre.
✅The following members works at the pleasure of the Governors of the respective state:
☑️ Members of the civil services of a state or persons holding civil posts under a state.
✅ Article 311 : It places 2 restrictions on the above ‘doctrine of pleasure’.
☑️ A civil servant cannot be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to that by which he was appointed.
☑️ A civil servant cannot be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank except after an inquiry in which he has been informed of the charges against him.
✅ The above 2 safeguards are available only to the members of the civil services of the Centre, the all-India services, the civil services of a state or to persons holding civil posts under the Centre or a state.

🔆Ajeevika Grameen Express Yojana (AGEY)

✅It is part of the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM).

📍Key Facts about the scheme :

✅ The Self Help Groups under DAY-NRLM will operate road transport service in backward areas.
✅This will help to provide safe, affordable and community monitored rural transport services to connect remote villages with key services and amenities for the overall economic development of backward rural areas. ✅This will also provide an additional avenue of livelihood for SHGs.
✅ The beneficiary SHG member will be provided an interest free loan by the CBO from its Community Investment Fund upto Rs.6.50 lakh for purchase of the vehicle.
✅Alternative, CBO will own the vehicle and lease it to an SHG member to operate the vehicle and pay lease rental to the CBO
✅Nodal Ministry and institutions : Ministry of Rural Development

#gs3
#economy
#pib

Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_government_scheme

#Goodmorning

⏳ All the best CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳89 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]

⏳364 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳453 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]


⏳15 days left ESE Prelims
⏳23 days left RAS mains 17 june
⏳35 days left UPPSC mains 29 June
⏳63 days UPPSC RO ARO 27 July
⏳140 days left UPPSC prelims 12 Oct

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

Paper -1

CS(P) 2025 Paper -2 (CSAT)

🔆 Indian Passes & Plateaus

📍 Aghil Pass
✅ Location: Between Ladakh (J&K) and Sinkiang (China)
✅ Significance: Important for military movement, part of the Karakoram Range.

📍 Banihal Pass (Jawahar Tunnel)
✅ Location: Connects Banihal town (Doda District) and Qazigund (Anantnag, Kashmir Division)
✅ Significance: Key highway pass on NH44 connecting Jammu and Kashmir.

📍 Baralacha La
✅ Location: Between Keylong (Himachal Pradesh) and Leh (Ladakh)
✅ Significance: Located on the Leh-Manali highway, an important trade route.

📍 Burzil Pass
✅ Location: Connects Srinagar to Gilgit (now in Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir)
✅ Significance: Historically significant for trade.

📍 Karakoram Pass
✅ Location: Between Ladakh (J&K) and Sinkiang (China)
✅ Significance: An ancient trade route on the Silk Road.

📍 Khardung La
✅ Location: Between Leh and Siachen Glacier via Nubra Valley
✅ Significance: One of the highest motorable roads in the world (5,359 m).

📍 Umling La (Uming La)
✅ Location: Ladakh
✅ Significance: Highest motorable road in the world at 5,883 m.

📍 Zoji La
✅ Location: Between Srinagar and Leh
✅ Significance: Important link between Kashmir Valley and Ladakh, often blocked by snow.

📍 Chang La
✅ Location: Between Ladakh (J&K) and Tibet (China)
✅ Significance: One of the highest passes in the world.

📍 Shinkun La
✅ Location: Between Himachal Pradesh & Ladakh
✅ Significance: India has started construction of Nimmu-Padum-Darcha (NPD) route for all-weather connectivity to Ladakh.

📍 Balcha Dhura
✅ Location: Connecting Uttarakhand with Tibet (China)
✅ Significance: High-altitude pass in the Himalayas.

📍 Mana Pass
✅ Location: Between Uttarakhand and Tibet (China)
✅ Significance: Highest motorable pass in Uttarakhand, connects to Tibet.