🔆RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY
✔️Hinduism:
✅Hinduism is the dominant religion in India, accounting for about 79.8% of the population.
✅Hinduism is an ancient religion that dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization. It is characterised by a complex system of beliefs, rituals, and practices, and has many gods and goddesses. Hinduism is deeply ingrained in Indian culture and society.
✔️Islam:
✅Islam is the second-largest religion in India, accounting for about 14.2% of the population.
✅It was brought to India by Arab traders and merchants in the 7th century.
✅Islam has a rich history in India, and many Muslims have contributed significantly to Indian culture and society. The largest concentration of Muslims in India is in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
✔️Christianity:
✅Christianity is the third-largest religion in India, accounting for about 2.3% of the population.
✅It was introduced to India by European missionaries in the 16th century. Christianity has played a significant role in Indian history, and many Christians have contributed to Indian society in various ways.
✅ Sikhism: Sikhism is a relatively young religion that originated in Punjab in the 15th century. It is characterised by a belief in one God and the teachings of the ten Sikh gurus. Sikhism is the fourth-largest religion in India, accounting for about 1.7% of the population.
✅Buddhism: Buddhism is a major world religion that originated in India in the 6th century BC. It is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as the Buddha. Today, Buddhism accounts for about 0.7% of the Indian population.
✅ Jainism: Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that emphasises non-violence and respect for all living beings.
🔸It is based on the teachings of Mahavira, who lived in the 6th century BC. Today, Jainism accounts for about 0.4% of the Indian population.
✅Other religions: There are also several other religions practised in India, including Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Baha'i Faith.
🔸India is home to the largest population of Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and Zoroastrians in the world.
🔸 India is also home to the second-largest population of Muslims in the world, after Indonesia.
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✔️Hinduism:
✅Hinduism is the dominant religion in India, accounting for about 79.8% of the population.
✅Hinduism is an ancient religion that dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization. It is characterised by a complex system of beliefs, rituals, and practices, and has many gods and goddesses. Hinduism is deeply ingrained in Indian culture and society.
✔️Islam:
✅Islam is the second-largest religion in India, accounting for about 14.2% of the population.
✅It was brought to India by Arab traders and merchants in the 7th century.
✅Islam has a rich history in India, and many Muslims have contributed significantly to Indian culture and society. The largest concentration of Muslims in India is in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
✔️Christianity:
✅Christianity is the third-largest religion in India, accounting for about 2.3% of the population.
✅It was introduced to India by European missionaries in the 16th century. Christianity has played a significant role in Indian history, and many Christians have contributed to Indian society in various ways.
✅ Sikhism: Sikhism is a relatively young religion that originated in Punjab in the 15th century. It is characterised by a belief in one God and the teachings of the ten Sikh gurus. Sikhism is the fourth-largest religion in India, accounting for about 1.7% of the population.
✅Buddhism: Buddhism is a major world religion that originated in India in the 6th century BC. It is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as the Buddha. Today, Buddhism accounts for about 0.7% of the Indian population.
✅ Jainism: Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that emphasises non-violence and respect for all living beings.
🔸It is based on the teachings of Mahavira, who lived in the 6th century BC. Today, Jainism accounts for about 0.4% of the Indian population.
✅Other religions: There are also several other religions practised in India, including Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Baha'i Faith.
🔸India is home to the largest population of Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and Zoroastrians in the world.
🔸 India is also home to the second-largest population of Muslims in the world, after Indonesia.
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🔆Act East Policy :
✅ The Act East Policy was introduced in 2014 to replace the previous Look East Policy of the 1990s.
✅ Key Focus: The policy aims to promote economic, cultural, and strategic relations between India and Southeast Asian nations.
✅ Areas of Cooperation: Connectivity, trade, maritime security, people-to-people ties, development partnerships with ASEAN are key areas.
✅ Institutional Mechanisms: India participates in forums like the East Asia Summit, Mekong-Ganga Cooperation, BIMSTEC etc. under this policy.
Limitations of Act East Policy :
✅ Slow Progress on Connectivity Projects: Projects like India-Myanmar-Thailand
trilateral highway and Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Transport Project have seen slow progress due to governance issues, lack of capacities and regulatory hurdles on the ground.
✅ Trade Deficit Persists: Despite trade agreements, India's trade deficit with ASEAN and other East Asian countries remains high. Domestic impediments hamper greater economic integration.
✅ Security Partnerships Yet to Mature: While India conducts naval exercises like SIMBEX with Singapore, defense partnerships are still evolving with most ASEAN states barring Vietnam.
✅ Overland Connectivity Deficits: Lack of direct overland connectivity with ASEAN hampers seamless physical connectivity. Progress on India-Myanmar-Thailand trilateral highway can address this gap.
✅ Competition with China's Influence: China's deep economic ties and initiatives like Belt and Road Initiative appear to have greater traction in Southeast Asia relative to India's efforts.
✅ Domestic Reform Lag: Slow pace of port development, tax/tariff reforms, easing business regulations in India affects functioning of Act East Policy.
✅ Funding Constraints: India lacks financial capacity to match China's largescale investments in Southeast Asia.
This restricts India's development partnerships in the region.
✅Accelerate infrastructure and connectivity projects with ASEAN countries through dedicated project monitoring and financial commitment.
✅ Leverage India's software prowess to digitally integrate with Southeast Asian markets through cross-border digital economy partnerships.
✅ Diversify trade relations beyond China by concluding RCEP or bilateral FTAs with Southeast Asian nations.
✅ Expand security cooperation with ASEAN through intelligence sharing, coordinated patrols, transfer of defense technology and joint military exercises.
✅ Resolve regulatory and capacity issues hindering seamless overland connectivity with Myanmar and Thailand.
✅ Promote greater tourism, academic exchanges and cultural linkages between
India and Southeast Asia through scholarships, events and visa facilitation.
✅ Collaborate with Japan, Australia and other Indo-Pacific nations to provide alternatives to BRI for infrastructure development in Southeast Asia.
✅ Deepen energy ties with Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia by attracting investments in India's oil and gas sector.
✅ Project India's software prowess, pharmaceutical industry and healthcare capacity for greater economic influence in Southeast Asia.
✅ Coordinate India's Act East Policy with Neighbourhood First policy to develop cross-cutting connectivity and development projects.
✅ Reform domestic regulations, taxation and business ecosystem to attract Southeast Asian companies to invest and manufacture in India.
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✅ The Act East Policy was introduced in 2014 to replace the previous Look East Policy of the 1990s.
✅ Key Focus: The policy aims to promote economic, cultural, and strategic relations between India and Southeast Asian nations.
✅ Areas of Cooperation: Connectivity, trade, maritime security, people-to-people ties, development partnerships with ASEAN are key areas.
✅ Institutional Mechanisms: India participates in forums like the East Asia Summit, Mekong-Ganga Cooperation, BIMSTEC etc. under this policy.
Limitations of Act East Policy :
✅ Slow Progress on Connectivity Projects: Projects like India-Myanmar-Thailand
trilateral highway and Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Transport Project have seen slow progress due to governance issues, lack of capacities and regulatory hurdles on the ground.
✅ Trade Deficit Persists: Despite trade agreements, India's trade deficit with ASEAN and other East Asian countries remains high. Domestic impediments hamper greater economic integration.
✅ Security Partnerships Yet to Mature: While India conducts naval exercises like SIMBEX with Singapore, defense partnerships are still evolving with most ASEAN states barring Vietnam.
✅ Overland Connectivity Deficits: Lack of direct overland connectivity with ASEAN hampers seamless physical connectivity. Progress on India-Myanmar-Thailand trilateral highway can address this gap.
✅ Competition with China's Influence: China's deep economic ties and initiatives like Belt and Road Initiative appear to have greater traction in Southeast Asia relative to India's efforts.
✅ Domestic Reform Lag: Slow pace of port development, tax/tariff reforms, easing business regulations in India affects functioning of Act East Policy.
✅ Funding Constraints: India lacks financial capacity to match China's largescale investments in Southeast Asia.
This restricts India's development partnerships in the region.
✅Accelerate infrastructure and connectivity projects with ASEAN countries through dedicated project monitoring and financial commitment.
✅ Leverage India's software prowess to digitally integrate with Southeast Asian markets through cross-border digital economy partnerships.
✅ Diversify trade relations beyond China by concluding RCEP or bilateral FTAs with Southeast Asian nations.
✅ Expand security cooperation with ASEAN through intelligence sharing, coordinated patrols, transfer of defense technology and joint military exercises.
✅ Resolve regulatory and capacity issues hindering seamless overland connectivity with Myanmar and Thailand.
✅ Promote greater tourism, academic exchanges and cultural linkages between
India and Southeast Asia through scholarships, events and visa facilitation.
✅ Collaborate with Japan, Australia and other Indo-Pacific nations to provide alternatives to BRI for infrastructure development in Southeast Asia.
✅ Deepen energy ties with Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia by attracting investments in India's oil and gas sector.
✅ Project India's software prowess, pharmaceutical industry and healthcare capacity for greater economic influence in Southeast Asia.
✅ Coordinate India's Act East Policy with Neighbourhood First policy to develop cross-cutting connectivity and development projects.
✅ Reform domestic regulations, taxation and business ecosystem to attract Southeast Asian companies to invest and manufacture in India.
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Stage2_web_notice_21june24.pdf
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CSIR CASE Stage 2 Exam Notification
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5_6318918300063502461.pdf
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THE PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS (PREVENTION OF
UNFAIR MEANS) ACT, 2024
👉 President assent: 12 Feb 2024
👉Came in Effect from : 21 June 2024
UNFAIR MEANS) ACT, 2024
👉 President assent: 12 Feb 2024
👉Came in Effect from : 21 June 2024
🔆Moral and Political Attitudes
✅The group of women empowering other women through education in Mumbai is called the "Sakhi Foundation". They have been working since 2001 to provide education and training to girls from low-income families, and have so far helped over 10,000 girls to complete their education.
✅ In 2022, a group of students at the National Law University in Delhi started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of sexual harassment on college campuses.
The campaign, called "Not Your Fault", has been met with a lot of positive feedback, and has helped to start a conversation about this important issue.
✅In 2019, a group of students in the United Kingdom started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of climate change.
The campaign, called "Fridays for Future", has inspired millions of students around the world to take action on this important issue.
#ethics
#example
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✅The group of women empowering other women through education in Mumbai is called the "Sakhi Foundation". They have been working since 2001 to provide education and training to girls from low-income families, and have so far helped over 10,000 girls to complete their education.
✅ In 2022, a group of students at the National Law University in Delhi started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of sexual harassment on college campuses.
The campaign, called "Not Your Fault", has been met with a lot of positive feedback, and has helped to start a conversation about this important issue.
✅In 2019, a group of students in the United Kingdom started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of climate change.
The campaign, called "Fridays for Future", has inspired millions of students around the world to take action on this important issue.
#ethics
#example
Join @upsc_ethics_toppers
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Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains)
G20 Brochure_English_52 Pages_Artwork.pdf
23.2 MB
Simplified Summary of almost all important topics from Ancient-Medieval history you can say.
G20 brochure & Bharat : The mother Of Democracy.
Credits: Govt Of India.
G20 brochure & Bharat : The mother Of Democracy.
Credits: Govt Of India.
🔆Government of India’s Initiatives for Logistics Sector
✅ National Logistics Policy (NLP)
✅ Multimodal Transportation of Goods Act, 1993.
✅ Multi Modal Logistics Parks
✅ LEADS Report
✅ Dedicated Freight Corridor
✅ Sagarmala Projects
✅ Bharatmala Project
▪️Digital Initiatives:
✅ Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP)
✅ Logistics Data Bank (LDB)
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✅ National Logistics Policy (NLP)
✅ Multimodal Transportation of Goods Act, 1993.
✅ Multi Modal Logistics Parks
✅ LEADS Report
✅ Dedicated Freight Corridor
✅ Sagarmala Projects
✅ Bharatmala Project
▪️Digital Initiatives:
✅ Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP)
✅ Logistics Data Bank (LDB)
#government_scheme
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Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
New Doc 06-23-2024 12.07.pdf
5.5 MB
Mppsc prelims paper today
#Goodmorning
⏳ 88 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳ 88 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳335 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳424 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳20 days UKPSC Prelims ( 14 July)
⏳ 26 days RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳ 27 KPSC/Mpsc prelims 2024 ( 21 July)
⏳ -98 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
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🔆Rural wage disparities
Recent data from the Reserve Bank of India highlights stark differences in rural wages across different states in India, showcasing significant disparities in earnings for farm and non-agricultural workers.
▪️Major Highlights of the Rural Wages Data by RBI?
✅Rural Economic Disruptions:
🔸During the fiscal year 2021-22, the rural economy faced challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic affecting employment and income levels.
🔸Subsequently, in the fiscal year 2022-23, elevated inflation rates and increased interest rates significantly disrupted rural demand.
✅In case of wages for rural construction workers too, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh stand at opposite ends of the spectrum at Rs 852.5 and Rs 278.7 daily, respectively.
✅National Average Wages:
🔸Agricultural workers: Rs 345.7
🔸Non-agricultural workers: Rs 348
🔸Construction workers: Rs 393.3
✅Stagnant Rural Income Growth
Recent data from the Reserve Bank of India highlights stark differences in rural wages across different states in India, showcasing significant disparities in earnings for farm and non-agricultural workers.
▪️Major Highlights of the Rural Wages Data by RBI?
✅Rural Economic Disruptions:
🔸During the fiscal year 2021-22, the rural economy faced challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic affecting employment and income levels.
🔸Subsequently, in the fiscal year 2022-23, elevated inflation rates and increased interest rates significantly disrupted rural demand.
✅In case of wages for rural construction workers too, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh stand at opposite ends of the spectrum at Rs 852.5 and Rs 278.7 daily, respectively.
✅National Average Wages:
🔸Agricultural workers: Rs 345.7
🔸Non-agricultural workers: Rs 348
🔸Construction workers: Rs 393.3
✅Stagnant Rural Income Growth
🔆DIVERSITY OF INDIA :
✅India is a land of rich diversities across areas such as languages, ethnicity, religion, culture, rural/urban lifestyles as well as social, economic and educational parameters.
✅ Religious diversity:
✅ According to the data on Population by Religious Communities of Census 2011, Hindu 96.63 crores (79.8%); Muslim 17.22 crores (14.2%); Christian 2.78 crores (2.3%); Sikh 2.08 crores (1.7%); Buddhist 0.84 crores (0.7%); Jain 0.45 crores (0.4%) are dispersed all over the nation forming cultural pockets.
✅The Hindus themselves are divided into Vaishnavas, Shaivites, Shaktas, Smartas, etc. and the Muslims are divided into Shias, Sunnis, Ahmadiyas, etc.
✅ Linguistic Diversity:
✅96.71 percent population in the country has one of the 22 scheduled languages as their mother tongue.
✅India has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea.
✅According to the 2011 census, more than 19,500 languages or dialects are spoken in India as mother tongues. There are 121 languages which are spoken by 10,000 or more people in India.
✅In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act was passed through which, India was divided into states on the basis of regional languages.
✅Geographical Diversity: Spanning an area of 3,287,263 square kilometers, India is a vast country with great diversity of physical features like dry deserts, evergreen forests, snowy Himalayas, a long coast and fertile plains.
✅ Cultural Diversity: Indian culture is one of the oldest and unique.
✅Diversity in Architecture – For example, Temple Building style – Nagara, Dravida, Vesara; various religious architecture.
✅ Diversity in Clothing
✅ Diversity in Indian food
✅ Diversity in custom and tradition – Various festival, rituals etc
✅ Diversity in Indian Cinema
✅ Diversity in Indian Literature
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✅India is a land of rich diversities across areas such as languages, ethnicity, religion, culture, rural/urban lifestyles as well as social, economic and educational parameters.
✅ According to the data on Population by Religious Communities of Census 2011, Hindu 96.63 crores (79.8%); Muslim 17.22 crores (14.2%); Christian 2.78 crores (2.3%); Sikh 2.08 crores (1.7%); Buddhist 0.84 crores (0.7%); Jain 0.45 crores (0.4%) are dispersed all over the nation forming cultural pockets.
✅The Hindus themselves are divided into Vaishnavas, Shaivites, Shaktas, Smartas, etc. and the Muslims are divided into Shias, Sunnis, Ahmadiyas, etc.
✅96.71 percent population in the country has one of the 22 scheduled languages as their mother tongue.
✅India has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea.
✅According to the 2011 census, more than 19,500 languages or dialects are spoken in India as mother tongues. There are 121 languages which are spoken by 10,000 or more people in India.
✅In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act was passed through which, India was divided into states on the basis of regional languages.
✅Geographical Diversity: Spanning an area of 3,287,263 square kilometers, India is a vast country with great diversity of physical features like dry deserts, evergreen forests, snowy Himalayas, a long coast and fertile plains.
✅Diversity in Architecture – For example, Temple Building style – Nagara, Dravida, Vesara; various religious architecture.
✅ Diversity in Clothing
✅ Diversity in Indian food
✅ Diversity in custom and tradition – Various festival, rituals etc
✅ Diversity in Indian Cinema
✅ Diversity in Indian Literature
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Notice_of_CGLE_2024_06_24.pdf
3.7 MB
🔆 Women in Judiciary Matters
✅ In a recent speech, the erstwhile Chief Justice of India N.V. Ramana said the appointment of women judges should not be reduced to a mere “symbolic gesture”.
✅ The CJI said the court would definitely benefit from the rich experience and nuanced understanding of the law women judges bring to the table.
✅ The Judiciary acts as a protector of rights of the citizens guaranteed by the law of the land and the constitution.
✅ The court can declare any law which transgresses a fundamental right as invalid.
✅ In India the judiciary has the power to issue writs in the name of habeas corpus, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto and certiorari.
▪️Present scenario in India:
✅ Justice B.V. Nagarathna expected to be India’s first woman Chief Justice of India in September 2027.
✅ Justice Fathima Beevi, who was appointed as the first woman Supreme Court judge in October 1989 nearly six months after her retirement from the Kerala High Court, and Justice Indu Malhotra, who was the first woman advocate be directly elevating as Supreme Court judge, individually creating history.
✅ But their time on the Apex Court Bench was less than three years.
✅ Justices Ranjana P. Desai and Gyan Sudha Misra were Apex Court judges for less than four years before retiring.
✅ Justices Hima Kohli and Bela M. Trivedi would also spend less than four years in the top court.
✅ Justices Kohli, Trivedi and Nagarathna’s entry marked the first time three women judges were appointed at the same time in the Supreme Court.
✅ Their presence along with that of Justice Indira Banerjee is the first time the Supreme Court has four serving women judges
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✅ In a recent speech, the erstwhile Chief Justice of India N.V. Ramana said the appointment of women judges should not be reduced to a mere “symbolic gesture”.
✅ The CJI said the court would definitely benefit from the rich experience and nuanced understanding of the law women judges bring to the table.
✅ The Judiciary acts as a protector of rights of the citizens guaranteed by the law of the land and the constitution.
✅ The court can declare any law which transgresses a fundamental right as invalid.
✅ In India the judiciary has the power to issue writs in the name of habeas corpus, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto and certiorari.
▪️Present scenario in India:
✅ Justice B.V. Nagarathna expected to be India’s first woman Chief Justice of India in September 2027.
✅ Justice Fathima Beevi, who was appointed as the first woman Supreme Court judge in October 1989 nearly six months after her retirement from the Kerala High Court, and Justice Indu Malhotra, who was the first woman advocate be directly elevating as Supreme Court judge, individually creating history.
✅ But their time on the Apex Court Bench was less than three years.
✅ Justices Ranjana P. Desai and Gyan Sudha Misra were Apex Court judges for less than four years before retiring.
✅ Justices Hima Kohli and Bela M. Trivedi would also spend less than four years in the top court.
✅ Justices Kohli, Trivedi and Nagarathna’s entry marked the first time three women judges were appointed at the same time in the Supreme Court.
✅ Their presence along with that of Justice Indira Banerjee is the first time the Supreme Court has four serving women judges
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#Goodmorning
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⏳ 87 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳334 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳423 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳19 days UKPSC Prelims ( 14 July)
⏳ 25 days RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳ 26 KPSC/Mpsc prelims 2024 ( 21 July)
⏳ -97 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 124 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 180 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims
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🔆Office of Speaker
✅ Speaker is the head of Lok Sabha, and its representative. It is constitutional office under Article 93. He/She is the guardian of powers and privileges of the members. He/She is ultimate interpreter and arbiter of provisions which relate to functioning of House.
✅Judicial Pronouncements:
🔸 In Keisham Meghachandra Singh Case, SC said disqualification petitions are entrusted to a speaker, can be replaced by a permanent tribunal.
🔸 Kihoto Holohan Case 1992- Speakers decision in anti-defection law subject to judicial review.
✅ Issues :
✅Role under anti-defection law: Speaker has authority to disqualify MPs or MLA on grounds of defection. ex Manipur Speaker in 2020.
✅ On declaring money bill: Speaker’s decision to certify Aadhaar bill as money bill was criticised on this ground.
✅ Legislative proceedings: For instance, suspension of MLAs of Tamil Nadu Assembly in 2016.
✅ Allegations of partisanship
✅ Disruptions in the house: Recent Budget Session had lowest productivity in five years, and 17th Lok Sabha is expected to have the fewest sitting days since 1952,
✅ Suggestions
✅ Reduce role of speaker in Anti-defection law
✅ Follow Britain’s model to uphold impartiality.
✅ Continuation based on performance: Page Committee, allowing the Speaker to continue in next Parliament if they exhibited impartiality and efficiency during their tenure.
✅ Restrictions on political office.
#polity
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✅ Speaker is the head of Lok Sabha, and its representative. It is constitutional office under Article 93. He/She is the guardian of powers and privileges of the members. He/She is ultimate interpreter and arbiter of provisions which relate to functioning of House.
✅Judicial Pronouncements:
🔸 In Keisham Meghachandra Singh Case, SC said disqualification petitions are entrusted to a speaker, can be replaced by a permanent tribunal.
🔸 Kihoto Holohan Case 1992- Speakers decision in anti-defection law subject to judicial review.
✅Role under anti-defection law: Speaker has authority to disqualify MPs or MLA on grounds of defection. ex Manipur Speaker in 2020.
✅ On declaring money bill: Speaker’s decision to certify Aadhaar bill as money bill was criticised on this ground.
✅ Legislative proceedings: For instance, suspension of MLAs of Tamil Nadu Assembly in 2016.
✅ Allegations of partisanship
✅ Disruptions in the house: Recent Budget Session had lowest productivity in five years, and 17th Lok Sabha is expected to have the fewest sitting days since 1952,
✅ Reduce role of speaker in Anti-defection law
✅ Follow Britain’s model to uphold impartiality.
✅ Continuation based on performance: Page Committee, allowing the Speaker to continue in next Parliament if they exhibited impartiality and efficiency during their tenure.
✅ Restrictions on political office.
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
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