🌱 Indigenous Role in Forest Conservation – UPSC GS3

📍 Key Contributions
✅ Natural Flora conserved due to magico-religious beliefs
✅ Traditional Knowledge aids in medicinal plant cultivation
✅ Sacred Groves protect untouched biodiversity
✅ Sustainable Biodiversity via eco-harmonious lifestyles

📍 Case Study: Aka Tribe (Arunachal)
✅ Avoids overharvesting 🌿
✅ Spares pregnant/youth animals 🐾
✅ Harvests only essentials
→ Builds eco-friendly forest relations

📍 Way Forward
✅ Recognize Indigenous Rights
✅ Implement Forest Rights Act
✅ Conserve Traditional Knowledge

#environment

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🔆 Plastic Pollution: Challenges & Sectoral Contribution

📍 Global Context
✅ The world produces 400+ million tons of plastic annually.

📍 Key Challenges of Plastic Pollution
✅ Threat to Ecosystem: Harms marine and terrestrial biodiversity.
✅ Threat to Humans: Enters food chain, exposes humans to toxins.
✅ Threat to Climate: Emits GHGs during production, causes resource depletion.
✅ Economic Inequality: Affects livelihoods of fishers, farmers and vulnerable groups.
✅ Climate Injustice: Poorer countries bear a disproportionate waste burden.

📍 Sector-wise Contribution to Plastic Pollution (NCERT Data)
✅ Packaging – 36% (highest contributor)
✅ Building & Construction – 16%
✅ Textiles – 14%
✅ Consumer & Institutional Products – 10%
✅ Transportation – 7%
✅ Electrical/Electronics – 4%
✅ Others – 12%
✅ Industrial Machinery – 1%

#environment #mains #gs3


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🔆 Probable Impacts of De-globalisation on India

📍 Key Impacts
✅ Farmers & Agriculture: Reduced agricultural exports, lower demand for Indian produce.
✅ Technological Limitations: Limited knowledge sharing and tech access in developing countries.
✅ Political Instability: Rising prices, living costs, protests, and potential civil unrest due to protectionist measures.
✅ Economic Setbacks: Slower economic growth, reduced competition, higher prices affecting trade and businesses.
✅ Social Consequences: Lower standards of living, increased social tensions, and wealth inequality.

#society

🔆 Food Processing Industry – Key Stats (MoFPI)

📍 Sector Performance
✅ The Indian FP sector has performed well with an impressive average annual growth rate of 7.3% from 2015 to 2022

📍 Gross Value Addition (GVA)
✅ GVA in FP sector has increased from 1.30 lakh crore in 2013-14 to 2.08 lakh crore in 2021-22

📍 Sector Contribution
✅ FP sector accounted for 10.54% of Manufacturing GVA and 1.57% of Agriculture GVA in 2020-21

📍 Employment Impact
✅ FP sector employs around 1.93 million people, accounting for 2.38% of employment in the registered factory sector

#Data #GS3 #GS1 #mains #economy


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