Social Engineering : Term used for a broad range of malicious activities accomplished through human interactions. It uses psychological manipulation to trick users into making security mistakes or giving away sensitive information.

“Democracy sustains and blossoms when the legislature, the judiciary, and the executive act in tandem and togetherness to fructify constitutional goals and realise aspirations of the people. Judiciary cannot legislate in as much legislature cannot script a judicial verdict.”

Jagdeep Dhankar, Vice-President of India

Kalidas:

✅He was the court poet of Chandragupta Vikramaditya II. He was a great poet and dramatist.

Considered as Shakespeare of the East. His works include:

✅ Abhijanasakuntalam: Love Story of King Dushyanta
and Shakuntala, whose son Bharatha became a famous ruler. William Jones translated this book into English and it filled the romantic imagination of Europe.

✅Malvikagnimitram: It is the Sanskrit play written by Kalidasa in the 5th-century CE. It narrates the love story of King Agnimitra, the Shunga Emperor at Vidisha. Agnimitra was the son of Pushyamitra Shunga, the founder of the Sunga dynasty.

✅Reghuvamsa: Speaks of these found victories of Rama, and may indirectly refer to some Gupta conquests.

✅ Kumarasambhav: Deals with the courtship of Shiva and Parvati and the birth of their son Skanda.

✅ Meghadutam: Lyrical poem containing the message from the love-lon yaksha to his wife, pining across the northern mountains in Alaka.

#art_and_culture

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The 'Basic Structure' of the Constitution: A Guiding North Star

The Chief Justice of India, D. Y. Chandrachud compared the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution to the North Star, an unfailing guide which shows the way when the path appears convoluted.

Socialist: Inserted by 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, the term "Socialist" made explicit the implicit ideals of socialism already present in the Constitution.
✅ Indian socialism advocates a mixed economy with coexistence of public and private sectors.
🔸Example: Providing all people food security, universal access to education, health and housing. To provide them, government has implemented various initiatives such as MGNREGA, Ayushman Bharat Yojana etc.
✅In the case of D.S. Nakara v. Union of India (1983), the Supreme Court held that the primary objective of a socialist state is to eradicate inequality in income, status, and the standard of living.
✅ Regarding the inclusion of 'socialist,' Dr B.R. Ambedkar argued in Constituent Assembly debates that it goes against the essence of democracy to decide within the Constitution the type of society in which the people of India should live.

#polity
#mains

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Service allocation CSE 23

Shooters Manu Bhaker and Sarabjot Singh win Bronze medal in 10m Air Pistol Mixed team event

Fraternity:

✅ Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians — if Indians being one people.
✅ It is the principle which gives unity and solidarity to social life.
🔸 Example: In ‘AIIMS Students’ Union V. AIIMS’, the court observed that the Preamble to the Constitution of India secures as one of its objects “fraternities” assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation to “we the people of India”.

🔆Gaps Highlighted by the Kargil War in India’s Defence and Security Apparatus and Post-War Steps and Reforms

📍Military and Intelligence Shortcomings

✅Detailed analyses and first-person accounts reveal significant lapses in inter-service cooperation, particularly between the Army and the Air Force.
✅The lack of timely intelligence, which allowed Pakistani troops to stealthily intrude into Indian territory, has been a point of contention.
✅While some blame the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) for this failure, others dispute this view. Regardless, these embedded lessons are crucial for the current Modi government.

📍Post-War Reforms

✅Following the war, Prime Minister Vajpayee took unprecedented steps to address these lapses.
✅He established the Kargil Review Committee (KRC) in July 1999 to examine the sequence of events and recommend future measures.
✅The KRC's report led to the formation of a Group of Ministers (GoM) in April 2000, which reviewed the national security system and set up four Task Forces on intelligence, internal security, border management, and defence management.
✅The involvement of domain experts like G.C. Saxena, N.N. Vohra, Madhav Godbole, and Arun Singh highlighted the government's commitment to comprehensive reform.
✅However, the Vajpayee government's focus was diverted by subsequent events, including the 9/11 attacks and the terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament in December 2001.
✅As a result, the implementation of the GoM's recommendations remained incomplete.
✅This lack of follow-through had grave consequences, as evidenced by the Mumbai attacks in November 2008 and the Galwan clash in June 2020.

#Security
#prelims

The UPSC has examined the available records carefully and found her guilty of acting in contravention of the provisions of the CSE-2022 Rules. Her
provisional candidature for the CSE-2022 has been cancelled and she has also been debarred permanently from all the future Examinations/Selections of the
UPSC.

So far as the complaints regarding the submission of false certificates
(specifically OBC & PwBD categories) are concerned, the UPSC wishes to clarify that it does only a preliminary scrutiny of the certificates viz. whether the
certificate has been issued by the competent authority, the year to which the certificate pertains, issuing date of the certificate, whether there is any
overwriting on the certificate, format of the certificate etc. Generally, the
certificate is taken as genuine, if it has been issued by the competent
authority. The UPSC neither has the mandate nor the wherewithal to check the veracity of thousands of certificates submitted by the candidates every year.
However, it is understood that scrutiny and verification of genuineness of
certificates is carried out by the authorities mandated with this task.

CDS-(I) result Name wise

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