#Goodmorning
⏳ 50 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳ 50 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳115 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳297 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
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⏳3 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
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🔆Tell Umm Amer Heritage site
✅The World Heritage Committee (WHC) decided to include the Palestinian site of Tell Umm Amer in both the UNESCO World Heritage Site List and the Lost of World Heritage in Danger during its 46th session in New Delhi.
✅It is an ancient Christian monastery founded in the fourth century by Hilarion the Great (291-371 CE).
✅It is also known as the ‘Monastery of Saint Hilarion.
✅It was the first monastic community in the Holy Land, laying the groundwork for the spread of monastic practices in the region.
✅The monastery occupied a strategic position at the crossroads of major trade and communication routes between Asia and Africa.
#art_and_culture
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✅The World Heritage Committee (WHC) decided to include the Palestinian site of Tell Umm Amer in both the UNESCO World Heritage Site List and the Lost of World Heritage in Danger during its 46th session in New Delhi.
✅It is an ancient Christian monastery founded in the fourth century by Hilarion the Great (291-371 CE).
✅It is also known as the ‘Monastery of Saint Hilarion.
✅It was the first monastic community in the Holy Land, laying the groundwork for the spread of monastic practices in the region.
✅The monastery occupied a strategic position at the crossroads of major trade and communication routes between Asia and Africa.
#art_and_culture
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Swapnil Kusale wins bronze 🥉 for India in the Men’s rifle 50m 3 position final at the Paris 2024 Olympics at the Chateauroux Shooting Range
🔆BRICS
✅ It was formalised as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) in 2006.
✅ The 1st BRIC summit was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia in 2009.
✅ The BRIC group was renamed as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) after South Africa was accepted as a full member in 2010.
✅ BRICS brings together five major emerging economies, comprising 41% of the world population, having 24% of the world GDP and 16% share in world trade.
✅ Key Initiatives of BRICS:
🔸 New Development Bank (NDB)
🔸 Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA)
🔸 BRICS Business Council
🔸 BRICS Partnership on New Industrial Revolution (PartNIR)
🔸 BRICS Women’s Business Alliance.
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#IR
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✅ It was formalised as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) in 2006.
✅ The 1st BRIC summit was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia in 2009.
✅ The BRIC group was renamed as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) after South Africa was accepted as a full member in 2010.
✅ BRICS brings together five major emerging economies, comprising 41% of the world population, having 24% of the world GDP and 16% share in world trade.
✅ Key Initiatives of BRICS:
🔸 New Development Bank (NDB)
🔸 Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA)
🔸 BRICS Business Council
🔸 BRICS Partnership on New Industrial Revolution (PartNIR)
🔸 BRICS Women’s Business Alliance.
#mains
#IR
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#Goodmorning
⏳ 49 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳2 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -60 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
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⏳ 49 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳114 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳296 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳385 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳2 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -60 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
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🔆Left Wing Extremism
Overall drop-in recent times:
✅ Reduced by 76% in 2022 as compared to 2010.
✅ Deaths of civilian and security personnel declined to 98 in 2022 from 1,005 in 2010.
✅ Districts affected: 45
✅ States Affected:
🔸 Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal
🔸Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh
🔸Kerala
✅ Impact:
🔸 Impacted 40% of India’s territory.
🔸 35% of its population.
✅Recent Incidents :
🔸2023 - Attack of Paratroopers
🔸2023 - Chhattisgarh attack
Schemes/Initiatives :
✅ National Policy and Action Plan to address Left Wing Extremism 2015
✅ SAMADHAN
✅ Security Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme
✅ Special Central Assistance (SCA) for most LWE Affected Districts
✅ Scheme of Fortified Police stations
✅ Road Connectivity Project for LWE Affected Areas (RCPLWE).
Institutional setup :
✅CAPF forces placed in the volatile areas
✅ Greyhounds force in Andhra Pradesh
✅ Special Infrastructure Scheme (SIS)
✅ Aspirational Districts Programme
✅ Civic Action Programme (CAP)
✅ Tribal Youth Exchange programmes
✅ Janmabhoomi program in Andhra Pradesh
#gs3
#security
#mains
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@internal_security_upsc_mains
Overall drop-in recent times:
✅ Reduced by 76% in 2022 as compared to 2010.
✅ Deaths of civilian and security personnel declined to 98 in 2022 from 1,005 in 2010.
✅ Districts affected: 45
✅ States Affected:
🔸 Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal
🔸Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh
🔸Kerala
✅ Impact:
🔸 Impacted 40% of India’s territory.
🔸 35% of its population.
✅Recent Incidents :
🔸2023 - Attack of Paratroopers
🔸2023 - Chhattisgarh attack
Schemes/Initiatives :
✅ National Policy and Action Plan to address Left Wing Extremism 2015
✅ SAMADHAN
✅ Security Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme
✅ Special Central Assistance (SCA) for most LWE Affected Districts
✅ Scheme of Fortified Police stations
✅ Road Connectivity Project for LWE Affected Areas (RCPLWE).
Institutional setup :
✅CAPF forces placed in the volatile areas
✅ Greyhounds force in Andhra Pradesh
✅ Special Infrastructure Scheme (SIS)
✅ Aspirational Districts Programme
✅ Civic Action Programme (CAP)
✅ Tribal Youth Exchange programmes
✅ Janmabhoomi program in Andhra Pradesh
#gs3
#security
#mains
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@internal_security_upsc_mains
🔆Agricultural education and research: They are critical components of the development of the agriculture sector in India.
Importance of agricultural education and research in the development of the Agriculture sector
✅Improved Farming Techniques: It helps farmers to adopt new technologies and techniques that can improve crop yields and reduce costs. This helps to increase productivity and profitability, leading to higher incomes for farmers.
✅Better Seed Varieties: These seeds can be resistant to pests and diseases and can withstand adverse weather conditions, leading to higher crop yields.
✅Increased Food Security: Agri education and research can help to increase food production by improving crop yields and introducing new crops.
✅Environmental Sustainability: Agricultural education and research can help farmers adopt practices that conserve soil, water, and natural resources, leading to better environmental outcomes.
✅Job Creation: The Agriculture sector is a major employer in India. Agricultural education and research can help to create new job opportunities by introducing new technologies and techniques that require skilled labour.
Importance of agricultural education and research in the development of the Agriculture sector
✅Improved Farming Techniques: It helps farmers to adopt new technologies and techniques that can improve crop yields and reduce costs. This helps to increase productivity and profitability, leading to higher incomes for farmers.
✅Better Seed Varieties: These seeds can be resistant to pests and diseases and can withstand adverse weather conditions, leading to higher crop yields.
✅Increased Food Security: Agri education and research can help to increase food production by improving crop yields and introducing new crops.
✅Environmental Sustainability: Agricultural education and research can help farmers adopt practices that conserve soil, water, and natural resources, leading to better environmental outcomes.
✅Job Creation: The Agriculture sector is a major employer in India. Agricultural education and research can help to create new job opportunities by introducing new technologies and techniques that require skilled labour.
#Goodmorning
⏳ 48 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳ Tomorrow UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
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⏳ 48 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳113 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳295 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳384 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ Tomorrow UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -59 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 85 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 142 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
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🔆43rd Amendment Act, 1977 :
✅ The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the High Courts in respect of judicial review and issue of writs was restored.
✅ Special powers of the Parliament to make laws to deal with anti-national activities were removed.
✅ Articles amended: Articles 145, 226, 228 and 366
✅ Articles Omitted: Articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.
✅ The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the High Courts in respect of judicial review and issue of writs was restored.
✅ Special powers of the Parliament to make laws to deal with anti-national activities were removed.
✅ Articles amended: Articles 145, 226, 228 and 366
✅ Articles Omitted: Articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.
🔆Tribes
2011 Census:
✅Tribals: 8.6% of India’s population.
✅Sex Ratio: 990 ( 2011 Census)
✅ Over 700+ tribal groups in India,
✅ 75 are PVTGs
✅ Gond comprises the largest tribal group of India.
Health Indicators :
✅ 13 % have diabetes
✅ 25% have high blood pressure
✅ 72% use tobacco (age 15-54)
Education Indicators :
✅ The percentage of literacy - 63.1% in 2011.
✅ Male vs Female: Female literacy of tribes is only 54.4% compared to male literacy of 71.7%.
✅ Nearly 50% of the children from this social group drop out while transitioning from primary to secondary grades.
Employment and Skilling :
✅ PESA (The Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996
✅ Janshala Programme
✅ Ashram Schools
✅ Eklavya Model Residential Schools
Crime against Tribes :
✅ NCRB’s Crime in India 2021 Report:
🔸 Crimes against SC: increase of 13.1% over 2021
🔸Crimes against ST: increase of 14.3% over 2021
✅Constitutional Provisions ; Art. 15; Art. 16; Art. 46; Article 335; Article 338-A; Article 342(1);
5th and 6th Schedule
Govt schemes:
✅ Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN)
✅ Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)
✅ Pradhan Mantri Vanbandhu Vikas Yojana
✅ MSP for MFP under Pradhan Mantri Jan Jatiya Vikas Mission
✅ Van Dhan Vikas Kendra (VDVK), TRIFED
✅ The Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAAGY)
✅ Tribal Research Institute (TRI) scheme.
#GS1
#GS2
#society
#mains
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2011 Census:
✅Tribals: 8.6% of India’s population.
✅Sex Ratio: 990 ( 2011 Census)
✅ Over 700+ tribal groups in India,
✅ 75 are PVTGs
✅ Gond comprises the largest tribal group of India.
Health Indicators :
✅ 13 % have diabetes
✅ 25% have high blood pressure
✅ 72% use tobacco (age 15-54)
Education Indicators :
✅ The percentage of literacy - 63.1% in 2011.
✅ Male vs Female: Female literacy of tribes is only 54.4% compared to male literacy of 71.7%.
✅ Nearly 50% of the children from this social group drop out while transitioning from primary to secondary grades.
Employment and Skilling :
✅ PESA (The Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996
✅ Janshala Programme
✅ Ashram Schools
✅ Eklavya Model Residential Schools
Crime against Tribes :
✅ NCRB’s Crime in India 2021 Report:
🔸 Crimes against SC: increase of 13.1% over 2021
🔸Crimes against ST: increase of 14.3% over 2021
✅Constitutional Provisions ; Art. 15; Art. 16; Art. 46; Article 335; Article 338-A; Article 342(1);
5th and 6th Schedule
Govt schemes:
✅ Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN)
✅ Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)
✅ Pradhan Mantri Vanbandhu Vikas Yojana
✅ MSP for MFP under Pradhan Mantri Jan Jatiya Vikas Mission
✅ Van Dhan Vikas Kendra (VDVK), TRIFED
✅ The Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAAGY)
✅ Tribal Research Institute (TRI) scheme.
#GS1
#GS2
#society
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DNT (DENOTIFIED TRIBES)
✅ Criminal Tribes Act of 1871: Labelled few tribes as being born Criminals.
✅ These Acts were repealed in l952 and the term “De-Notified” was given.
Schemes/ Commission
✅Scheme for Empowerment of DNTs (SEED)
✅ Development and Welfare Board for DNTs
✅ Dr. Ambedkar Pre-Matric and Post-Matric Scholarship
✅ Renke Commission
✅ Criminal Tribes Act of 1871: Labelled few tribes as being born Criminals.
✅ These Acts were repealed in l952 and the term “De-Notified” was given.
Schemes/ Commission
✅Scheme for Empowerment of DNTs (SEED)
✅ Development and Welfare Board for DNTs
✅ Dr. Ambedkar Pre-Matric and Post-Matric Scholarship
✅ Renke Commission
Madhav Gadgil Committee, 2010: Steps to preserve the ecologically frail Western Ghats
✅ Classification: This report classified the extensive region of 64% of the Western Ghats, spanning over six States, 44 districts and 142 taluks, into Ecologically Sensitive Zones, called Eco Sensitive Zone (ESZ) i.e ESZ1,ESZ2 and ESZ3.
✅ Biodiversity Hotspot: Recognised by UNESCO as one of the world’s eight most important Biodiversity Hotspots, Western Ghats contains more than 30 percent of all species of plant, fish, reptile, amphibian, bird and mammal found in the whole country.
✅ Developmental Restrictions: ESZ-1 of the Ghats was given high priority and almost all developmental activities like mining, construction of thermal power plants, dams etc were suggested to stop along with the decommissioning of similar projects that have completed their shelf life.
✅ Protection Measures: The panel suggested the need to desist from creating new hill stations, changing the land use from farmland to non-farm land and the stoppage of diversions of rivers in order to protect the ecology of the region.
✅ Classification: This report classified the extensive region of 64% of the Western Ghats, spanning over six States, 44 districts and 142 taluks, into Ecologically Sensitive Zones, called Eco Sensitive Zone (ESZ) i.e ESZ1,ESZ2 and ESZ3.
✅ Biodiversity Hotspot: Recognised by UNESCO as one of the world’s eight most important Biodiversity Hotspots, Western Ghats contains more than 30 percent of all species of plant, fish, reptile, amphibian, bird and mammal found in the whole country.
✅ Developmental Restrictions: ESZ-1 of the Ghats was given high priority and almost all developmental activities like mining, construction of thermal power plants, dams etc were suggested to stop along with the decommissioning of similar projects that have completed their shelf life.
✅ Protection Measures: The panel suggested the need to desist from creating new hill stations, changing the land use from farmland to non-farm land and the stoppage of diversions of rivers in order to protect the ecology of the region.
🔆Chandrashekhar Azad:
✅He was a great Indian freedom fighter.
✅Born Chandra Shekhar Tiwari on July 23, 1906, in the small village of Bhavra in Madhya Pradesh, Azad was a beacon of revolutionary fervor from a very young age.
✅His resolve to fight for India’s independence was ignited early, and by the age of 15, he had already joined the Non-Cooperation Movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi.
✅Azad was disappointed by Gandhi’s suspension of the noncooperation movement in February 1922, after several policemen had been murdered by a revolutionary mob at Chauri Chaura.
✅He became an active member of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), an organization dedicated to overthrowing British rule through revolutionary means.
✅By 1928, he had played a crucial role in transforming the HRA into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), which aimed to establish a socialist republic in India.
✅He worked closely with other notable revolutionaries, including the legendary Bhagat Singh.
✅Together, they sought to challenge and dismantle the oppressive colonial regime.
✅Azad’s leadership and strategic acumen were instrumental in several significant revolutionary activities.
✅He played key a role in the Kakori Train Robbery (1926), the attempt to blow up the Viceroy's train (1926), and the shooting of Saunders at Lahore (1928) to avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai.
✅He was known for his unwavering resolve and extraordinary bravery. He lived a life on the run, constantly evading capture by the British police, and became a symbol of resistance for the youth of India.
✅In January 1931, during a fierce encounter with the British police in Alfred Park, Allahabad, Azad fought valiantly but was eventually cornered. Faced with the prospect of capture, Azad chose to end his life on his own terms, declaring that he would never be captured alive.
#history
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✅He was a great Indian freedom fighter.
✅Born Chandra Shekhar Tiwari on July 23, 1906, in the small village of Bhavra in Madhya Pradesh, Azad was a beacon of revolutionary fervor from a very young age.
✅His resolve to fight for India’s independence was ignited early, and by the age of 15, he had already joined the Non-Cooperation Movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi.
✅Azad was disappointed by Gandhi’s suspension of the noncooperation movement in February 1922, after several policemen had been murdered by a revolutionary mob at Chauri Chaura.
✅He became an active member of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), an organization dedicated to overthrowing British rule through revolutionary means.
✅By 1928, he had played a crucial role in transforming the HRA into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), which aimed to establish a socialist republic in India.
✅He worked closely with other notable revolutionaries, including the legendary Bhagat Singh.
✅Together, they sought to challenge and dismantle the oppressive colonial regime.
✅Azad’s leadership and strategic acumen were instrumental in several significant revolutionary activities.
✅He played key a role in the Kakori Train Robbery (1926), the attempt to blow up the Viceroy's train (1926), and the shooting of Saunders at Lahore (1928) to avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai.
✅He was known for his unwavering resolve and extraordinary bravery. He lived a life on the run, constantly evading capture by the British police, and became a symbol of resistance for the youth of India.
✅In January 1931, during a fierce encounter with the British police in Alfred Park, Allahabad, Azad fought valiantly but was eventually cornered. Faced with the prospect of capture, Azad chose to end his life on his own terms, declaring that he would never be captured alive.
#history
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@upsc_4_history
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
CAPF 2024.pdf
11.6 MB