#Goodmorning
⏳ 66 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳131 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳313 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳402 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 5 days RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳19 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -77 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 103 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 159 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Join @anmolvachan1
⏳ 66 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳131 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳313 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳402 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 5 days RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳19 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -77 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 103 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 159 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Join @anmolvachan1
👍3❤1🔥1
India is vulnerable to a large number of natural, as well as, human-made disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic and socio-economic conditions.
The five distinctive regions of the country:
✅ Himalayan region: earthquakes and landslides
✅ The plain: Floods.
✅ The desert: Droughts and famine
✅ The coastal zone: Cyclones and storms.
Anthropogenic vulnerability:
✅ Deforestation
✅ Unscientific construction and development activity
✅ Faulty agricultural practices
#disasters_management
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
✅ Out of the 36 states and union territories in the country, 28 of them are disaster prone.
✅ Almost 85% of the country is vulnerable to single or multiple disasters
✅ About 57% of its area lies in high seismic zones.
✅ Approximately 40 million hectares of the country’s land area is prone to flood
✅ About 8% of the total land mass is vulnerable to cyclone
✅ 68% of the area is susceptible to drought.
The five distinctive regions of the country:
✅ Himalayan region: earthquakes and landslides
✅ The plain: Floods.
✅ The desert: Droughts and famine
✅ The coastal zone: Cyclones and storms.
Anthropogenic vulnerability:
✅ Deforestation
✅ Unscientific construction and development activity
✅ Faulty agricultural practices
#disasters_management
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
👍8👏4❤1🔥1👌1
🔆Biological Disaster :
Biological disasters are scenarios involving disease, disability or death on a large scale among humans, animals and plants due to toxins or disease caused by live organisms or their products.
Such disasters may be natural in the form of epidemics or pandemics or man-made by the intentional use of disease causing agents in Biological Warfare (BW) operations or incidents of Bioterrorism (BT).
Types of Biological Disasters :
✅ Natural: An epidemic affects a disproportionately large number of individuals. It is an epidemic that is spread across a continent or worldwide.
✅ Man-Made: Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism are man-made biological disasters.
Causes of Epidemics :
✅ Poor sanitary conditions leading to contamination of food and water or
✅ due to inadequate disposal of human or animal carcasses in post disaster situations
✅ They become real dangers during floods and earthquakes.
✅ Poor solid waste management may create epidemics like plague.
▪️Major sources of Epidemics in India : In India, the major sources of epidemics can be broadly categorized as follows:
✅Water-borne diseases like cholera (and forms of gastroenteritis), typhoid, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B etc. - major epidemics of such diseases have been recorded in the past and continue to occur;
✅ Vector-borne (often mosquito-borne) epidemics like dengue fever, chikungunya fever, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, kala-azar etc., which usually occur in certain regions of the country;
✅ Person to person transmission of diseases e.g. AIDS and other venereal diseases; and
✅ Air-borne diseases like influenza and measles that can also be transmitted through fomites (used clothes etc.).
▪️Trends Favouring Biological Disaster :
✅ Low cost and wide spread availability
✅ More efficient in terms of coverage per kilogram of payload
✅ Advances in biotechnology has made production easy
✅ Used agents are largely natural pathogens to simulate existing diseases
✅ Have unmatched destructive potential
✅ Lethal biological agents can be produced easily and cheaply
✅ The lag time between infection and appearance of symptoms are longer than with chemical exposure.
▪️Consequences of Biological Disaster Student Notes:
✅ It can result into heavy mortalities in the short term leading to a depletion of population with a corresponding drop in economic activity .
✅ It leads to diversion of substantial resources of an economy to contain the disaster.
✅ Bio weapons of mass destruction
▪️Prevention and Mitigation Measures :
✅ The general population should be educated and made aware of the thread and risks
associated with it.
✅ Only cooked food and boiled/chlorinated/filtered water should be consumed.
✅ Insects and rodent control measures must be initiated immediately.
✅ Clinical isolation of suspected and confirmed cases is essential.
✅ A network of laboratories should be established for proper laboratory diagnosis.
✅ Existing diseases surveillance system as well as vector control measures have to be pursued more rigorously.
✅ Mass immunization programs in suspected areas have to be followed more rigorously.
✅ More focus should be given on the research of the vaccines which are not available.
#disasters_management
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
Biological disasters are scenarios involving disease, disability or death on a large scale among humans, animals and plants due to toxins or disease caused by live organisms or their products.
Such disasters may be natural in the form of epidemics or pandemics or man-made by the intentional use of disease causing agents in Biological Warfare (BW) operations or incidents of Bioterrorism (BT).
Types of Biological Disasters :
✅ Natural: An epidemic affects a disproportionately large number of individuals. It is an epidemic that is spread across a continent or worldwide.
✅ Man-Made: Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism are man-made biological disasters.
Causes of Epidemics :
✅ Poor sanitary conditions leading to contamination of food and water or
✅ due to inadequate disposal of human or animal carcasses in post disaster situations
✅ They become real dangers during floods and earthquakes.
✅ Poor solid waste management may create epidemics like plague.
▪️Major sources of Epidemics in India : In India, the major sources of epidemics can be broadly categorized as follows:
✅Water-borne diseases like cholera (and forms of gastroenteritis), typhoid, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B etc. - major epidemics of such diseases have been recorded in the past and continue to occur;
✅ Vector-borne (often mosquito-borne) epidemics like dengue fever, chikungunya fever, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, kala-azar etc., which usually occur in certain regions of the country;
✅ Person to person transmission of diseases e.g. AIDS and other venereal diseases; and
✅ Air-borne diseases like influenza and measles that can also be transmitted through fomites (used clothes etc.).
▪️Trends Favouring Biological Disaster :
✅ Low cost and wide spread availability
✅ More efficient in terms of coverage per kilogram of payload
✅ Advances in biotechnology has made production easy
✅ Used agents are largely natural pathogens to simulate existing diseases
✅ Have unmatched destructive potential
✅ Lethal biological agents can be produced easily and cheaply
✅ The lag time between infection and appearance of symptoms are longer than with chemical exposure.
▪️Consequences of Biological Disaster Student Notes:
✅ It can result into heavy mortalities in the short term leading to a depletion of population with a corresponding drop in economic activity .
✅ It leads to diversion of substantial resources of an economy to contain the disaster.
✅ Bio weapons of mass destruction
▪️Prevention and Mitigation Measures :
✅ The general population should be educated and made aware of the thread and risks
associated with it.
✅ Only cooked food and boiled/chlorinated/filtered water should be consumed.
✅ Insects and rodent control measures must be initiated immediately.
✅ Clinical isolation of suspected and confirmed cases is essential.
✅ A network of laboratories should be established for proper laboratory diagnosis.
✅ Existing diseases surveillance system as well as vector control measures have to be pursued more rigorously.
✅ Mass immunization programs in suspected areas have to be followed more rigorously.
✅ More focus should be given on the research of the vaccines which are not available.
#disasters_management
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
👍6❤2
#Goodmorning
⏳ 65 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳130 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳312 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳401 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 4 days RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳18 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -76 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 102 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 158 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Join @anmolvachan1
⏳ 65 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳130 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳312 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳401 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 4 days RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳18 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -76 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 102 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 158 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Join @anmolvachan1
👍7❤2
🔆Fiscal Federalism :
✅Seventh Schedule: Tax Bases Delineated in Union and State Lists (Article 246).
✅Distribution of Revenue:
🔸Article 269: Taxes levied and collected by Centre, assigned to states.
🔸Article 269-A: GST in inter-state trade.
✅Article 270: Taxes distributed between Union and states per Finance Commission.
✅Article 275: Financial assistance to States in form of grants-in-aid charged to revenue of India.
✅Borrowings:
🔸Article 292: Union can borrow domestically or internationally.
🔸Article 293: State can only borrow domestically.
✅Article 280: Finance Commission constituted to adjudicate sharing of resources between Union and States.
#mains
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
✅Seventh Schedule: Tax Bases Delineated in Union and State Lists (Article 246).
✅Distribution of Revenue:
🔸Article 269: Taxes levied and collected by Centre, assigned to states.
🔸Article 269-A: GST in inter-state trade.
✅Article 270: Taxes distributed between Union and states per Finance Commission.
✅Article 275: Financial assistance to States in form of grants-in-aid charged to revenue of India.
✅Borrowings:
🔸Article 292: Union can borrow domestically or internationally.
🔸Article 293: State can only borrow domestically.
✅Article 280: Finance Commission constituted to adjudicate sharing of resources between Union and States.
#mains
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
👍12👏1👌1
#Goodmorning
⏳ 64 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳129 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳311 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳400 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 3 days RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳19 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -75 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 101 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 157 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Join @anmolvachan1
⏳ 64 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳129 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳311 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳400 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 3 days RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳19 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -75 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 101 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 157 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Join @anmolvachan1
👍7👏1👌1
🔆Judiciary :
✅Article 20 (Right to protection against conviction of offenses),
✅Article 21 (Right to life and liberty),
✅Article 22 (Right to protection against arrest and detention in certain circumstance).
✅Judicial Appointment (Article 124): President shall make SC Judges appointments after consulting with CJI and other SC and HC judges as he considers necessary.
✅Regional Benches (Article 130): Supreme Court shall sit in Delhi or in such other place or places, as the Chief Justice of India may, with the approval of the President, from time to time, appoint.
✅Judicial Accountability (Article 235): Constitution provides for ‘control’ of High Court over the subordinate
judiciary clearly indicating the provision of an effective mechanism to enforce accountability.
✅Free legal aid (Article 39A): Mandates State to ensure justice with equal opportunity, including free legal aid provision.
#mains
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
✅Article 20 (Right to protection against conviction of offenses),
✅Article 21 (Right to life and liberty),
✅Article 22 (Right to protection against arrest and detention in certain circumstance).
✅Pendency: Over 85,000 cases in SC alone (National Judicial Data Grid).
✅Women in Judiciary: 13.4% and 9.3% of judges are women in HCs and SC respectively (State of Judiciary Report 2023).
✅Judicial Appointment (Article 124): President shall make SC Judges appointments after consulting with CJI and other SC and HC judges as he considers necessary.
✅Regional Benches (Article 130): Supreme Court shall sit in Delhi or in such other place or places, as the Chief Justice of India may, with the approval of the President, from time to time, appoint.
✅Judicial Accountability (Article 235): Constitution provides for ‘control’ of High Court over the subordinate
judiciary clearly indicating the provision of an effective mechanism to enforce accountability.
✅Free legal aid (Article 39A): Mandates State to ensure justice with equal opportunity, including free legal aid provision.
#mains
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
👍11❤2👏2👌2
Urban Naxalism : It refers to the presence and activities of Naxalites or CPI (Maoist) in urban areas. As per the Maoist strategy, urban areas are crucial for providing cadres, leadership, and logistical support for the people’s war. The key objectives are mobilizing masses, building a united front, and military tasks. Activities include maintaining safe houses, providing logistics, and recruiting youth and workers.
👍7❤3👌2👏1
Domestic workers : Domestic workers are individuals (women in particular) hired to perform various household tasks within private residences, such as cleaning, cooking, childcare, and other domestic duties. They play a crucial role in supporting families and often work without formal contracts or labour protections.
There are about 5 million domestic workers in India (of which 3 million are women)
👍4👏3👌3
Improving Sex Ratio:
✅ Health infrastructure improving
✅ Delay in marriage, awareness about female health leads to low MMR
✅ Higher literacy + High LFPR
✅ Stringent measures to address violence against women.
✅Nuclear family - status of women increasing.
✅ Health infrastructure improving
✅ Delay in marriage, awareness about female health leads to low MMR
✅ Higher literacy + High LFPR
✅ Stringent measures to address violence against women.
✅Nuclear family - status of women increasing.
👍16👌4👏2
CSE 2023
Registration of 99th FC will open from today and close on July 28th, 2024.
Please note that at this point, it would suffice to fill in the Descriptive Roll component of the registration form. (Other forms may be filled and documents uploaded post the allocation of service by DoPT.
Link: https://sargam.lbsnaa.gov.in/LBSNAARP/
Registration of 99th FC will open from today and close on July 28th, 2024.
Please note that at this point, it would suffice to fill in the Descriptive Roll component of the registration form. (Other forms may be filled and documents uploaded post the allocation of service by DoPT.
Link: https://sargam.lbsnaa.gov.in/LBSNAARP/
❤6👍1
doc2024715349801.pdf
1.9 MB
Intangible Cultural Heritage of India: Beyond Monuments and Landscapes
✅The term ‘cultural heritage’ has changed content considerably in recent decades, partially owing to the instruments developed by UNESCO.
✅Cultural heritage does not end at monuments and collections of objects. It also includes traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants, such as oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe or the knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts
#prelims
Join @PIB_UPSC
✅The term ‘cultural heritage’ has changed content considerably in recent decades, partially owing to the instruments developed by UNESCO.
✅Cultural heritage does not end at monuments and collections of objects. It also includes traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants, such as oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe or the knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts
#prelims
Join @PIB_UPSC
👍9👌2👏1
Right to Internet :
✅ Faheema Shirin v. State of Kerala: Kerala High court recognized that mobile phones and internet access through it are part and parcel of the day-to-day life. The court took the view that right to be able to access the internet has been read into the fundamental right to life and liberty, as well as privacy under Article 21. The court added that it constitutes an essential part of the infrastructure of freedom of speech and expression.
✅Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India: The Supreme Court held that right to freedom of speech and expression and right to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business over the medium of internet is constitutionally protected under Article 19(1)(a) and 19(1)(g).
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
✅ Faheema Shirin v. State of Kerala: Kerala High court recognized that mobile phones and internet access through it are part and parcel of the day-to-day life. The court took the view that right to be able to access the internet has been read into the fundamental right to life and liberty, as well as privacy under Article 21. The court added that it constitutes an essential part of the infrastructure of freedom of speech and expression.
✅Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India: The Supreme Court held that right to freedom of speech and expression and right to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business over the medium of internet is constitutionally protected under Article 19(1)(a) and 19(1)(g).
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
👍16❤2👏2👌1
#Goodmorning
⏳ 63 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳128 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳310 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳399 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ Tomorrow RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳18 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -74 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 100 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 156 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Join @anmolvachan1
⏳ 63 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳128 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳310 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳399 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ Tomorrow RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳18 Days UPSC CAPF 2024 (4 August)
⏳ -74 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 100 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 156 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Join @anmolvachan1
👍13🙏3👌2❤1👏1
Demographic Dividend : Economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure, mainly when share of working-age population is larger than non-working-age share of the population.
👍7❤3❤🔥1👏1👌1
Freedom of religion
S.R Bommai v. Union of India: The Court observed that while freedom of religion is guaranteed to all persons in India, from the point of view of State, the religion, faith or belief of a person is immaterial. To the State, all are equal and are entitled to be treated equally. The Court held that secularism is one of the basic features of the Constitution.
S.R Bommai v. Union of India: The Court observed that while freedom of religion is guaranteed to all persons in India, from the point of view of State, the religion, faith or belief of a person is immaterial. To the State, all are equal and are entitled to be treated equally. The Court held that secularism is one of the basic features of the Constitution.
👍7❤5❤🔥3👏1👌1