🔆BLUE ECONOMY

According to the World Bank, the blue economy is defined as the sustainable development of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of the ocean ecosystem.

✅ The blue economy emphasises the integration of the development of the ocean economy with social inclusion
and environmental sustainability, combined with innovative business models.
✅ The blue economy encompasses a diverse range of activities – Renewable energy, Fisheries, Maritime Transport, Tourism, Climate Change, Waste Management.

▪️Why Blue Economy?

✅ Oceans are considered future growth engines, even with the changing climate and other anthropogenic pressures.
✅ The ocean works as a huge reservoir of heat and plays an important role in moderating the weather and climate.
✅ The ocean is responsible for almost half of the oxygen that is inhaled and also plays a pivotal role in the carbon cycle.
✅ It is home to most of the earth's biodiversity and is the main source of protein for more than a billion people around the world.
✅ With at least 3-5% of global GDP derived from oceans, the blue economy, has great potential for boosting economic growth.
✅ The United Nations has promulgated the period 2021-2030 as the 'UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable
Development'.

▪️India's Potential :

✅ India has a coastline of more than 7500 km and an EEZ of more than 2.2 million sq km.
✅ Nine of India's states have access to the coastline.
✅ India comprises 200 ports, of which 12 are major ports that handled 541.76 million tonnes in FY21, the highest being Mormugao Port, located in Goa.
✅ The coastal economy sustains over 4 million fishermen and coastal towns. India is the second- largest fish-producing nation in the world and has a fleet of 2,50,000 fishing boats.
✅ India's blue economy accounts for roughly 4% of the GDP and is estimated to increase once the mechanism is improved.

▪️Ocean Resources :

✅Fisheries and aquaculture: Fisheries can be sub-categorised into two categories: marine fisheries and inland fisheries.
🔸 Fisheries have contributed Rs. 46,663 crore to the economy through exports in 2019-20. In 2019- 20, it was 14.2 MMT. Out of 14.2 MMT production, marine fish production was 3.7 MMT, and inland fish production was 10.4 MMT.

✅Minerals: The continental margins of India contain heavy minerals like ilmenite, magnetite, monazite, zircon,
and rutile.
🔸 Biogenous sediments are reported from shallow offshore areas of the Laccadive Islands, the Gulf of Kutch, the outer shelf of Mumbai, and the backwaters of Kerala.
🔸 Homogenous deposits like phosphorites are reported from the southwestern and western continental shelves manganese crust is found in the Andaman Islands.
🔸 Evidence has been found of reserves of Manganese, cobalt, and hydrothermal sulphides in the deep ocean in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB).
🔸 Also, marine gypsum is found in salt pans during the processing of common salt in the coastal regions of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.
🔸 Ocean also contains huge rare earth minerals.

✅Hydrocarbons:
🔸 India has 26 sedimentary basins, spread across a total area of 3.4 million square kilometres.
🔸 There are 16 inland basins, seven located both inland and offshore, and 3 completely offshore. India hosts about 34 MMT of oil and 33 BCM of gas production.
🔸 The current annual oil and natural gas consumption is about 1.3 billion barrels and 65 billion cubic metres.

✅Renewable Energy: The generation of oceanic renewable energy has tremendous scope. Commercialisation of tidal energy has gained momentum.

✅ Ports, Shipping, and Marine Tourism :
🔸 Services India has a network of 12 major ports and 187 non-major ports.
🔸 Approximately 95% of the country's trade by volume and 68% by value is moved through maritime transport.
🔸 The Indian Maritime Sector comprises ports, shipping, marine biotechnology, shipbuilding and repair, and inland water transport systems.

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Mppsc prelims 2024 final answer key

Contract Farming: Agreement between farmers and processing/marketing firms for production and supply of agricultural products under forward agreements, frequently at predetermined prices.

Judicial Activism: It is an approach to the exercise of judicial review, or a description of a particular judicial decision, in which a judge is generally considered more willing to decide constitutional issues and to invalidate legislative or executive actions.

Mppsc prelims result

Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) : is a type of investment fund that holds a collection of assets like stocks, bonds, or commodities and is traded on stock exchanges, much like individual stocks. ETFs offer investors a way to diversify their portfolios with a single investment and are known for their lower fees and ease of trading

Social capital: Social capital is a set of shared values or resources that allows individuals to work together in a group to effectively achieve a common purpose.

Vasudhev Kutumbakam : It is a noble idea that teaches people to rise above differences of caste, creed, colour and race, and to love one another as ourselves.

Polar vortex: It is a large area of low pressure and cold air surrounding the Earth’s North and South Pole.

Trade Statistics (2023-24):

India's Exports of goods and services =

$437 billion + $340 billion = $777 billion (21.5% of GDP)

India's imports of goods and services =

$677 billion + $177 billion = $854 billion (23.6% of GDP)

India's merchandise exports and imports both have decreased (in absolute terms) in 2023-24 as compared to 2022-23


Agriculture Trade
Exports = $48 billion
Imports= $32 billion

India's agriculture exports and imports both have decreased (in absolute terms) in 2023-24 as compared to 2022-23

🔆Tribal Art in India:

Diverse array of expressions reflecting lives, beliefs, and customs.
• Examples:
✅ Warli Art (Maharashtra) : Simple geometric shapes depicting harmony with nature.
✅ Gond Art (Central India) : Vibrant hues, intricate patterns, rich mythology.
✅ Madhubani Painting (Bihar) : Intricate motifs, bold colors, scenes from mythology.
✅ Pattachitra Art (Odisha) : Mythological narratives on cloth or palm leaves.
✅ Santhal Art (Eastern India) : Earthy tones, tribal motifs using natural materials.
✅ Saura Painting (Odisha) : Vibrant colors, geometric patterns, depicting deities and myths.
✅ Bhil Art (Rajasthan & Madhya Pradesh) : Folkore, rituals, nature, animals, deities.
✅ Phad Painting (Rajasthan) : Stories of deities, heroes, and legends on large scrolls.
✅ Pithora Painting (Gujarat & Madhya Pradesh) : Ritualistic art for blessings.
✅ Toda Embroidery (Tamil Nadu) : Geometric patterns using natural materials.

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As per APEDA, India is the fifth largest maize producer, accounting for 2.59% of global production in 2020.

Maize is the third most important cereal crop in India after rice and wheat. It accounts for around 10% of total food grain production in the country.

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Over 250 million people in India depend on forests for their livelihoods, including tribal communities.