5_6318918300063502461.pdf
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THE PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS (PREVENTION OF
UNFAIR MEANS) ACT, 2024
👉 President assent: 12 Feb 2024
👉Came in Effect from : 21 June 2024
UNFAIR MEANS) ACT, 2024
👉 President assent: 12 Feb 2024
👉Came in Effect from : 21 June 2024
🔆Moral and Political Attitudes
✅The group of women empowering other women through education in Mumbai is called the "Sakhi Foundation". They have been working since 2001 to provide education and training to girls from low-income families, and have so far helped over 10,000 girls to complete their education.
✅ In 2022, a group of students at the National Law University in Delhi started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of sexual harassment on college campuses.
The campaign, called "Not Your Fault", has been met with a lot of positive feedback, and has helped to start a conversation about this important issue.
✅In 2019, a group of students in the United Kingdom started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of climate change.
The campaign, called "Fridays for Future", has inspired millions of students around the world to take action on this important issue.
#ethics
#example
Join @upsc_ethics_toppers
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✅The group of women empowering other women through education in Mumbai is called the "Sakhi Foundation". They have been working since 2001 to provide education and training to girls from low-income families, and have so far helped over 10,000 girls to complete their education.
✅ In 2022, a group of students at the National Law University in Delhi started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of sexual harassment on college campuses.
The campaign, called "Not Your Fault", has been met with a lot of positive feedback, and has helped to start a conversation about this important issue.
✅In 2019, a group of students in the United Kingdom started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of climate change.
The campaign, called "Fridays for Future", has inspired millions of students around the world to take action on this important issue.
#ethics
#example
Join @upsc_ethics_toppers
@Anmolvachan1
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains)
G20 Brochure_English_52 Pages_Artwork.pdf
23.2 MB
Simplified Summary of almost all important topics from Ancient-Medieval history you can say.
G20 brochure & Bharat : The mother Of Democracy.
Credits: Govt Of India.
G20 brochure & Bharat : The mother Of Democracy.
Credits: Govt Of India.
🔆Government of India’s Initiatives for Logistics Sector
✅ National Logistics Policy (NLP)
✅ Multimodal Transportation of Goods Act, 1993.
✅ Multi Modal Logistics Parks
✅ LEADS Report
✅ Dedicated Freight Corridor
✅ Sagarmala Projects
✅ Bharatmala Project
▪️Digital Initiatives:
✅ Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP)
✅ Logistics Data Bank (LDB)
#government_scheme
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✅ National Logistics Policy (NLP)
✅ Multimodal Transportation of Goods Act, 1993.
✅ Multi Modal Logistics Parks
✅ LEADS Report
✅ Dedicated Freight Corridor
✅ Sagarmala Projects
✅ Bharatmala Project
▪️Digital Initiatives:
✅ Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP)
✅ Logistics Data Bank (LDB)
#government_scheme
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_government_scheme
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
New Doc 06-23-2024 12.07.pdf
5.5 MB
Mppsc prelims paper today
#Goodmorning
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⏳ 88 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳424 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳20 days UKPSC Prelims ( 14 July)
⏳ 26 days RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
⏳ 27 KPSC/Mpsc prelims 2024 ( 21 July)
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🔆Rural wage disparities
Recent data from the Reserve Bank of India highlights stark differences in rural wages across different states in India, showcasing significant disparities in earnings for farm and non-agricultural workers.
▪️Major Highlights of the Rural Wages Data by RBI?
✅Rural Economic Disruptions:
🔸During the fiscal year 2021-22, the rural economy faced challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic affecting employment and income levels.
🔸Subsequently, in the fiscal year 2022-23, elevated inflation rates and increased interest rates significantly disrupted rural demand.
✅In case of wages for rural construction workers too, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh stand at opposite ends of the spectrum at Rs 852.5 and Rs 278.7 daily, respectively.
✅National Average Wages:
🔸Agricultural workers: Rs 345.7
🔸Non-agricultural workers: Rs 348
🔸Construction workers: Rs 393.3
✅Stagnant Rural Income Growth
Recent data from the Reserve Bank of India highlights stark differences in rural wages across different states in India, showcasing significant disparities in earnings for farm and non-agricultural workers.
▪️Major Highlights of the Rural Wages Data by RBI?
✅Rural Economic Disruptions:
🔸During the fiscal year 2021-22, the rural economy faced challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic affecting employment and income levels.
🔸Subsequently, in the fiscal year 2022-23, elevated inflation rates and increased interest rates significantly disrupted rural demand.
✅In case of wages for rural construction workers too, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh stand at opposite ends of the spectrum at Rs 852.5 and Rs 278.7 daily, respectively.
✅National Average Wages:
🔸Agricultural workers: Rs 345.7
🔸Non-agricultural workers: Rs 348
🔸Construction workers: Rs 393.3
✅Stagnant Rural Income Growth
🔆DIVERSITY OF INDIA :
✅India is a land of rich diversities across areas such as languages, ethnicity, religion, culture, rural/urban lifestyles as well as social, economic and educational parameters.
✅ Religious diversity:
✅ According to the data on Population by Religious Communities of Census 2011, Hindu 96.63 crores (79.8%); Muslim 17.22 crores (14.2%); Christian 2.78 crores (2.3%); Sikh 2.08 crores (1.7%); Buddhist 0.84 crores (0.7%); Jain 0.45 crores (0.4%) are dispersed all over the nation forming cultural pockets.
✅The Hindus themselves are divided into Vaishnavas, Shaivites, Shaktas, Smartas, etc. and the Muslims are divided into Shias, Sunnis, Ahmadiyas, etc.
✅ Linguistic Diversity:
✅96.71 percent population in the country has one of the 22 scheduled languages as their mother tongue.
✅India has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea.
✅According to the 2011 census, more than 19,500 languages or dialects are spoken in India as mother tongues. There are 121 languages which are spoken by 10,000 or more people in India.
✅In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act was passed through which, India was divided into states on the basis of regional languages.
✅Geographical Diversity: Spanning an area of 3,287,263 square kilometers, India is a vast country with great diversity of physical features like dry deserts, evergreen forests, snowy Himalayas, a long coast and fertile plains.
✅ Cultural Diversity: Indian culture is one of the oldest and unique.
✅Diversity in Architecture – For example, Temple Building style – Nagara, Dravida, Vesara; various religious architecture.
✅ Diversity in Clothing
✅ Diversity in Indian food
✅ Diversity in custom and tradition – Various festival, rituals etc
✅ Diversity in Indian Cinema
✅ Diversity in Indian Literature
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✅India is a land of rich diversities across areas such as languages, ethnicity, religion, culture, rural/urban lifestyles as well as social, economic and educational parameters.
✅ According to the data on Population by Religious Communities of Census 2011, Hindu 96.63 crores (79.8%); Muslim 17.22 crores (14.2%); Christian 2.78 crores (2.3%); Sikh 2.08 crores (1.7%); Buddhist 0.84 crores (0.7%); Jain 0.45 crores (0.4%) are dispersed all over the nation forming cultural pockets.
✅The Hindus themselves are divided into Vaishnavas, Shaivites, Shaktas, Smartas, etc. and the Muslims are divided into Shias, Sunnis, Ahmadiyas, etc.
✅96.71 percent population in the country has one of the 22 scheduled languages as their mother tongue.
✅India has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea.
✅According to the 2011 census, more than 19,500 languages or dialects are spoken in India as mother tongues. There are 121 languages which are spoken by 10,000 or more people in India.
✅In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act was passed through which, India was divided into states on the basis of regional languages.
✅Geographical Diversity: Spanning an area of 3,287,263 square kilometers, India is a vast country with great diversity of physical features like dry deserts, evergreen forests, snowy Himalayas, a long coast and fertile plains.
✅Diversity in Architecture – For example, Temple Building style – Nagara, Dravida, Vesara; various religious architecture.
✅ Diversity in Clothing
✅ Diversity in Indian food
✅ Diversity in custom and tradition – Various festival, rituals etc
✅ Diversity in Indian Cinema
✅ Diversity in Indian Literature
#gs1
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Join @CSE_EXAM
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Notice_of_CGLE_2024_06_24.pdf
3.7 MB
🔆 Women in Judiciary Matters
✅ In a recent speech, the erstwhile Chief Justice of India N.V. Ramana said the appointment of women judges should not be reduced to a mere “symbolic gesture”.
✅ The CJI said the court would definitely benefit from the rich experience and nuanced understanding of the law women judges bring to the table.
✅ The Judiciary acts as a protector of rights of the citizens guaranteed by the law of the land and the constitution.
✅ The court can declare any law which transgresses a fundamental right as invalid.
✅ In India the judiciary has the power to issue writs in the name of habeas corpus, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto and certiorari.
▪️Present scenario in India:
✅ Justice B.V. Nagarathna expected to be India’s first woman Chief Justice of India in September 2027.
✅ Justice Fathima Beevi, who was appointed as the first woman Supreme Court judge in October 1989 nearly six months after her retirement from the Kerala High Court, and Justice Indu Malhotra, who was the first woman advocate be directly elevating as Supreme Court judge, individually creating history.
✅ But their time on the Apex Court Bench was less than three years.
✅ Justices Ranjana P. Desai and Gyan Sudha Misra were Apex Court judges for less than four years before retiring.
✅ Justices Hima Kohli and Bela M. Trivedi would also spend less than four years in the top court.
✅ Justices Kohli, Trivedi and Nagarathna’s entry marked the first time three women judges were appointed at the same time in the Supreme Court.
✅ Their presence along with that of Justice Indira Banerjee is the first time the Supreme Court has four serving women judges
#gs1
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#mains
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✅ In a recent speech, the erstwhile Chief Justice of India N.V. Ramana said the appointment of women judges should not be reduced to a mere “symbolic gesture”.
✅ The CJI said the court would definitely benefit from the rich experience and nuanced understanding of the law women judges bring to the table.
✅ The Judiciary acts as a protector of rights of the citizens guaranteed by the law of the land and the constitution.
✅ The court can declare any law which transgresses a fundamental right as invalid.
✅ In India the judiciary has the power to issue writs in the name of habeas corpus, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto and certiorari.
▪️Present scenario in India:
✅ Justice B.V. Nagarathna expected to be India’s first woman Chief Justice of India in September 2027.
✅ Justice Fathima Beevi, who was appointed as the first woman Supreme Court judge in October 1989 nearly six months after her retirement from the Kerala High Court, and Justice Indu Malhotra, who was the first woman advocate be directly elevating as Supreme Court judge, individually creating history.
✅ But their time on the Apex Court Bench was less than three years.
✅ Justices Ranjana P. Desai and Gyan Sudha Misra were Apex Court judges for less than four years before retiring.
✅ Justices Hima Kohli and Bela M. Trivedi would also spend less than four years in the top court.
✅ Justices Kohli, Trivedi and Nagarathna’s entry marked the first time three women judges were appointed at the same time in the Supreme Court.
✅ Their presence along with that of Justice Indira Banerjee is the first time the Supreme Court has four serving women judges
#gs1
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#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
#Goodmorning
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⏳ 87 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳ -97 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 124 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
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🔆Office of Speaker
✅ Speaker is the head of Lok Sabha, and its representative. It is constitutional office under Article 93. He/She is the guardian of powers and privileges of the members. He/She is ultimate interpreter and arbiter of provisions which relate to functioning of House.
✅Judicial Pronouncements:
🔸 In Keisham Meghachandra Singh Case, SC said disqualification petitions are entrusted to a speaker, can be replaced by a permanent tribunal.
🔸 Kihoto Holohan Case 1992- Speakers decision in anti-defection law subject to judicial review.
✅ Issues :
✅Role under anti-defection law: Speaker has authority to disqualify MPs or MLA on grounds of defection. ex Manipur Speaker in 2020.
✅ On declaring money bill: Speaker’s decision to certify Aadhaar bill as money bill was criticised on this ground.
✅ Legislative proceedings: For instance, suspension of MLAs of Tamil Nadu Assembly in 2016.
✅ Allegations of partisanship
✅ Disruptions in the house: Recent Budget Session had lowest productivity in five years, and 17th Lok Sabha is expected to have the fewest sitting days since 1952,
✅ Suggestions
✅ Reduce role of speaker in Anti-defection law
✅ Follow Britain’s model to uphold impartiality.
✅ Continuation based on performance: Page Committee, allowing the Speaker to continue in next Parliament if they exhibited impartiality and efficiency during their tenure.
✅ Restrictions on political office.
#polity
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✅ Speaker is the head of Lok Sabha, and its representative. It is constitutional office under Article 93. He/She is the guardian of powers and privileges of the members. He/She is ultimate interpreter and arbiter of provisions which relate to functioning of House.
✅Judicial Pronouncements:
🔸 In Keisham Meghachandra Singh Case, SC said disqualification petitions are entrusted to a speaker, can be replaced by a permanent tribunal.
🔸 Kihoto Holohan Case 1992- Speakers decision in anti-defection law subject to judicial review.
✅Role under anti-defection law: Speaker has authority to disqualify MPs or MLA on grounds of defection. ex Manipur Speaker in 2020.
✅ On declaring money bill: Speaker’s decision to certify Aadhaar bill as money bill was criticised on this ground.
✅ Legislative proceedings: For instance, suspension of MLAs of Tamil Nadu Assembly in 2016.
✅ Allegations of partisanship
✅ Disruptions in the house: Recent Budget Session had lowest productivity in five years, and 17th Lok Sabha is expected to have the fewest sitting days since 1952,
✅ Reduce role of speaker in Anti-defection law
✅ Follow Britain’s model to uphold impartiality.
✅ Continuation based on performance: Page Committee, allowing the Speaker to continue in next Parliament if they exhibited impartiality and efficiency during their tenure.
✅ Restrictions on political office.
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
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#Goodmorning
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⏳ 86 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳333 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳422 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳18 days UKPSC Prelims ( 14 July)
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⏳ 25 KPSC/Mpsc prelims 2024 ( 21 July)
⏳ -96 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
⏳ 123 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
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🔆Nikah halala and Muta
▪️About Nikah halala:
✅Nikah halala is a law that requires a woman to marry and sleep with another man in order to return to her first husband.
✅Nikah Halala is made up of two words:
🔸nikah meaning marriage and
🔸halala meaning making
✅something permissible or halal.
✅This is a practice followed by some Muslims where a woman, divorced by her husband by triple talaq, has to go through a certain procedure if she wants to remarry the same person she got divorced with.
✅There have been instances where the husband regrets divorcing his wife through triple talaq and in the hope of reconciliation, hands over his divorced wife to another man for marriage, under the condition that the latter would divorce the woman the next day.
✅In modern India, nikah halala has been manipulated and misused.
▪️Constitutional Validity:
✅Using Nikah Halala as a way of remarriage is contended to be violative of some fundamental rights:
🔸Article 14:
✅Right to Equality:
✅The practice puts women under a disadvantageous position.
✅They are not treated as equals to the men.
🔸Article 15(1):
✅Right against Discrimination:
On the basis of sex that is a person being a woman, they are subjected to arbitrary decisions put forward by the husbands which they bear the consequences for.
🔸Article 21:
✅Right to Life:
✅Right to Life includes a right to leading a dignified life.
✅These practices are derogatory to the dignity of a woman.
▪️About Muta:
✅The meaning of ‘Muta’ is enjoyment.
✅Muta Marriage is a marriage for a fixed period of time that is only for sexual pleasure.
✅Muslim Law in a Shia sect recognises the concept of Muta Marriage.
▪️Conditions and of Muta Marriage:
✅The parties must have attained the age of puberty, which is above 15 years of age.
✅There is no restriction on the number of Muta wives.
✅There must be free consent by the parties.
✅The time period and Dower must be mentioned in the nikah nama.
✅The cohabitation between the parties is lawful.
✅The children born out of such marriage are legitimate and have the right to inherit the properties of both parents.
✅The husband and wife don’t have any mutual right of inheritance.
✅Muta wife is not entitled to claim maintenance under personal law, but she can claim under The Code of Criminal Procedure.
✅Divorce is not recognised under Muta Marriage.
✅Termination of Muta Marriage
✅Expiry of the time period.
Death of either party.
✅Hiba I Muddat, that is, husband gifts the unexpired term of the marriage.
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▪️About Nikah halala:
✅Nikah halala is a law that requires a woman to marry and sleep with another man in order to return to her first husband.
✅Nikah Halala is made up of two words:
🔸nikah meaning marriage and
🔸halala meaning making
✅something permissible or halal.
✅This is a practice followed by some Muslims where a woman, divorced by her husband by triple talaq, has to go through a certain procedure if she wants to remarry the same person she got divorced with.
✅There have been instances where the husband regrets divorcing his wife through triple talaq and in the hope of reconciliation, hands over his divorced wife to another man for marriage, under the condition that the latter would divorce the woman the next day.
✅In modern India, nikah halala has been manipulated and misused.
▪️Constitutional Validity:
✅Using Nikah Halala as a way of remarriage is contended to be violative of some fundamental rights:
🔸Article 14:
✅Right to Equality:
✅The practice puts women under a disadvantageous position.
✅They are not treated as equals to the men.
🔸Article 15(1):
✅Right against Discrimination:
On the basis of sex that is a person being a woman, they are subjected to arbitrary decisions put forward by the husbands which they bear the consequences for.
🔸Article 21:
✅Right to Life:
✅Right to Life includes a right to leading a dignified life.
✅These practices are derogatory to the dignity of a woman.
▪️About Muta:
✅The meaning of ‘Muta’ is enjoyment.
✅Muta Marriage is a marriage for a fixed period of time that is only for sexual pleasure.
✅Muslim Law in a Shia sect recognises the concept of Muta Marriage.
▪️Conditions and of Muta Marriage:
✅The parties must have attained the age of puberty, which is above 15 years of age.
✅There is no restriction on the number of Muta wives.
✅There must be free consent by the parties.
✅The time period and Dower must be mentioned in the nikah nama.
✅The cohabitation between the parties is lawful.
✅The children born out of such marriage are legitimate and have the right to inherit the properties of both parents.
✅The husband and wife don’t have any mutual right of inheritance.
✅Muta wife is not entitled to claim maintenance under personal law, but she can claim under The Code of Criminal Procedure.
✅Divorce is not recognised under Muta Marriage.
✅Termination of Muta Marriage
✅Expiry of the time period.
Death of either party.
✅Hiba I Muddat, that is, husband gifts the unexpired term of the marriage.
#gs1
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Join @CSE_EXAM
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🔆TRIBES IN INDIA :
✅In a traditional civilization, a tribe is a social division made up of families connected by social, economic, and familial ties as well as by common culture and dialect.
✅ The Indian Constitution recognizes tribal communities as "Scheduled Tribes" under Schedule 5 of the Constitution.
✅Himalayan region : Tribes like the Gaddi, the Jaunsari, the Naga, etc,
✅Middle India : Tribes like the Munda, the Santal, etc
✅Western India : Tribes like the Bhil, the Grasia, etc.
✅South Indian region : Tribes like the Toda, the Chenchu, etc.
✅Andaman and Nicobar : Jarawas, Onges, Sentinelese, Shompens.
FACT WISE
✅According to the 2011 census, tribals make up 8.6% of India's population.
✅ There are over 705 tribal groups in India, out of which around 75 are Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
✅ As per the 2011 census of India, Bhil is the most populous tribe with a total population of 4,618, 068 constituting 37.7% of the total Schedulaed Tribe population.
✅The largest number of tribal communities (62) are found in Odisha.
✅9th August is considered World Tribal Day or International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples.
✅ 15th November is celebrated as Janjatiya Gaurav divas celebrated to recognize the efforts of the tribals in the preservation of cultural heritage and it also marks the birth anniversary of Birsa Munda.
✅ According to the Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011, about 45% of the tribal households in India are below the poverty line.
✅In the Budget 2023-24 the overall outlay for the Ministry of Tribal Affairs is Rs. 12461.88 cr, i.e an increase of 70.69% over the previous year’s Revised Estimate (RE) of Rs.7301.00 crore.
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✅In a traditional civilization, a tribe is a social division made up of families connected by social, economic, and familial ties as well as by common culture and dialect.
✅ The Indian Constitution recognizes tribal communities as "Scheduled Tribes" under Schedule 5 of the Constitution.
✅Himalayan region : Tribes like the Gaddi, the Jaunsari, the Naga, etc,
✅Middle India : Tribes like the Munda, the Santal, etc
✅Western India : Tribes like the Bhil, the Grasia, etc.
✅South Indian region : Tribes like the Toda, the Chenchu, etc.
✅Andaman and Nicobar : Jarawas, Onges, Sentinelese, Shompens.
FACT WISE
✅According to the 2011 census, tribals make up 8.6% of India's population.
✅ There are over 705 tribal groups in India, out of which around 75 are Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
✅ As per the 2011 census of India, Bhil is the most populous tribe with a total population of 4,618, 068 constituting 37.7% of the total Schedulaed Tribe population.
✅The largest number of tribal communities (62) are found in Odisha.
✅9th August is considered World Tribal Day or International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples.
✅ 15th November is celebrated as Janjatiya Gaurav divas celebrated to recognize the efforts of the tribals in the preservation of cultural heritage and it also marks the birth anniversary of Birsa Munda.
✅ According to the Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011, about 45% of the tribal households in India are below the poverty line.
✅In the Budget 2023-24 the overall outlay for the Ministry of Tribal Affairs is Rs. 12461.88 cr, i.e an increase of 70.69% over the previous year’s Revised Estimate (RE) of Rs.7301.00 crore.
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