🔆seamount
✅A seamount is an underwater mountain with steep sides rising from the seafloor.
✅When volcanoes form on the seafloor, they build up over time as they erupt volcanic lava that cools to become basalt.
✅If a volcano grows in height and volume enough to reach the ocean’s surface, it becomes a volcanic island.
Example: Islands of Hawaii
Guyot.
✅When a seamount breaches the sea surface, waves and other sub-aerial processes (wind, rainfall, weathering) will cause erosion of the volcano.
✅Over time, these processes will erode the flanks and top of the seamount/island, eventually forming a flat shelf to form a guyot.
▪️Significance of Seamounts
✅ The seamounts provide a hard substrate for marine organisms such as deep-sea corals and sponges to attach.
✅ It also provides vital habitat for marine invertebrates like brittle stars and squat lobsters to live on and act as nurseries for deep-sea fish.
✅ The seamounts also influence the flow of deeper waters, which results in the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters towards the sea surface.
✅A seamount is an underwater mountain with steep sides rising from the seafloor.
✅When volcanoes form on the seafloor, they build up over time as they erupt volcanic lava that cools to become basalt.
✅If a volcano grows in height and volume enough to reach the ocean’s surface, it becomes a volcanic island.
Example: Islands of Hawaii
Guyot.
✅When a seamount breaches the sea surface, waves and other sub-aerial processes (wind, rainfall, weathering) will cause erosion of the volcano.
✅Over time, these processes will erode the flanks and top of the seamount/island, eventually forming a flat shelf to form a guyot.
▪️Significance of Seamounts
✅ The seamounts provide a hard substrate for marine organisms such as deep-sea corals and sponges to attach.
✅ It also provides vital habitat for marine invertebrates like brittle stars and squat lobsters to live on and act as nurseries for deep-sea fish.
✅ The seamounts also influence the flow of deeper waters, which results in the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters towards the sea surface.
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#Goodmorning
⏳6 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 102 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳349 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳438 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -13 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -112 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳6 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 102 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳349 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳438 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -13 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -112 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
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🔆Greater One Horned Rhino:
✅One Horned Rhino also known as Indian Rhino is a rhinoceros species native to the Indian subcontinent.
✅The Habitat of this species is restricted to small habitats in Indo-Nepal terai and northern West Bengal and Assam.
✅IUCN Red List: Vulnerable
✅CITES: Appendix I
✅Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
✅New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019: Under the declaration, India will collaborate with Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, and Malaysia for conservation and protection of three Asian rhino species-
✅Greater one-horned rhinoceros,
✅Javan rhinoceros( listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List) and
✅Sumatran rhinoceros (listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List).
#prelims
#species
Join @Upsc_4_environment
✅One Horned Rhino also known as Indian Rhino is a rhinoceros species native to the Indian subcontinent.
✅The Habitat of this species is restricted to small habitats in Indo-Nepal terai and northern West Bengal and Assam.
✅IUCN Red List: Vulnerable
✅CITES: Appendix I
✅Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
✅New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019: Under the declaration, India will collaborate with Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, and Malaysia for conservation and protection of three Asian rhino species-
✅Greater one-horned rhinoceros,
✅Javan rhinoceros( listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List) and
✅Sumatran rhinoceros (listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List).
#prelims
#species
Join @Upsc_4_environment
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🔆SPECIES IN NEWS
✅ Ruddy Shelduk
✅ Dancing Frog
✅ Egyptian Vulture
✅ Snow Crabs
✅ Paintbrush Swift
✅ Swamp Deer
✅ Walking Leaves
✅ Fanged Frog Species
✅ Namdapha Flying Squirrel
✅ Blue Dragon
✅ Indian Tent Turtle
✅ Smooth-Coated Otter
✅ Finn’s Weaver Bird
✅ Saiga Antelope
✅ Indian Mouse Deer
✅ Green Turtle
✅ Electric eel
✅ Indian Bison
✅ Salamander
✅ Megamouth Shark
✅ Double Humped Camels
✅ De Winton’s Golden Mole
✅ Gangetic Dolphin
✅ Black Stork
✅ Takahe Bird
✅ Tharosaurusindicus
✅ Stump-tailed Macaque
✅ Indian Oil Sardine
✅ Sambar deer
✅ Chitala Fish
✅ Batillipes Kalami
✅ Mithun
✅ Indian skimmers
✅ Himalayan Vulture (NT)
✅ Western Tragopan (VUL)
✅ Yellow-bellied Sea snake
(LC)
✅ Clouded Leopard (VUL)
✅ Vaquita Porpoise (CR)
✅ Monitor Lizards (LC)
✅ Indian Flying Fox Bat (LC)
✅ Palm cockatoo (LC)
✅ American Bald Eagle
✅ Sea Lion
✅ Octopus
✅ Picocystis Salinarum
✅ Paintbrush Swift Butterfly
✅ Attenborough Echidna
✅ Alcalus Fontinalis
✅ Milkweed butterflies
✅ Scalloped Hammerhead
Shark
✅ Painted Stork
✅ Comb Jellies
✅ Moroccan Locust
✅ Hyena
✅ White-Rumped Vulture
✅ Black Buck
✅ Himalayan Brown Bear
✅ Awaous Motla
✅ Pancorius Sebastiani
✅ Pliosaur
✅ Horaglanis Populi
✅ Pygmy hog
✅ Sea Butterflies
✅ Gekko Mizoramensis
#environment
#species
#pre_revision
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Upsc_4_environment
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DOC-20240610-WA0037..pdf
92.1 KB
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#Goodmorning
⏳5 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 101 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳348 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳437 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -12 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -111 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳5 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 101 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳348 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳437 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -12 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -111 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
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🔆Machine learning and Artificial intelligence technology hub
✅In a groundbreaking initiative, the Department of Science & Technology has joined forces with the Telangana government-led T-Hub to establish a unique Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Technology Hub (MATH).
✅This collaboration aims to foster AI innovation, create job opportunities, and provide a conducive ecosystem for AI startups in India.
📍State-of-the-Art Facilities
✅T-Hub has dedicated an entire floor to MATH, which will be equipped with cutting-edge facilities to support AI and ML development. These include:
✅A mini data center with GPU capabilities
✅A world-class learning management system (LMS) tailored for AI education
✅Robust data infrastructure to support diverse AI applications
✅These facilities will provide startups, researchers, and students with the necessary tools and resources to drive AI and ML innovation
📍Nurturing AI Startups and Creating Jobs
✅MATH is positioning itself as the go-to destination for AI-driven initiatives across the country.
✅The center of excellence (CoE) has set ambitious targets to nurture over 150 startups per annum and generate more than 500 AI-related jobs by 2025.
✅By providing access to state-of-the-art compute infrastructure, AI skilling programs, data lakes, virtual connectivity to global AI ecosystems, and opportunities for patent conversion, MATH aims to become the ultimate destination for all things AI and ML.
✅The launch of MATH comes at a crucial time, as India’s AI market is experiencing significant growth. Estimates suggest that the market is growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25-35% and is expected to reach $17 billion by 2027.
#science_and_technology
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
✅In a groundbreaking initiative, the Department of Science & Technology has joined forces with the Telangana government-led T-Hub to establish a unique Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Technology Hub (MATH).
✅This collaboration aims to foster AI innovation, create job opportunities, and provide a conducive ecosystem for AI startups in India.
📍State-of-the-Art Facilities
✅T-Hub has dedicated an entire floor to MATH, which will be equipped with cutting-edge facilities to support AI and ML development. These include:
✅A mini data center with GPU capabilities
✅A world-class learning management system (LMS) tailored for AI education
✅Robust data infrastructure to support diverse AI applications
✅These facilities will provide startups, researchers, and students with the necessary tools and resources to drive AI and ML innovation
📍Nurturing AI Startups and Creating Jobs
✅MATH is positioning itself as the go-to destination for AI-driven initiatives across the country.
✅The center of excellence (CoE) has set ambitious targets to nurture over 150 startups per annum and generate more than 500 AI-related jobs by 2025.
✅By providing access to state-of-the-art compute infrastructure, AI skilling programs, data lakes, virtual connectivity to global AI ecosystems, and opportunities for patent conversion, MATH aims to become the ultimate destination for all things AI and ML.
✅The launch of MATH comes at a crucial time, as India’s AI market is experiencing significant growth. Estimates suggest that the market is growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25-35% and is expected to reach $17 billion by 2027.
#science_and_technology
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
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🔆Vampire Viruses:
✅They are pathogens that latch onto other viruses in order to replicate themselves.
✅They emerge when a bacteriophage attaches to a soil-based virus, utilising its "life" for independent survival.
✅This viral relationship between two pathogens is called a satellite and a helper.
✅The satellite is the infectious strand that relies on the helper for support through its life cycle.
✅Satellites depend on both their host organism and helper virus to complete its life cycle.
✅The satellite virus depends on the helper virus to build the protective shell that covers its genetic material, called a capsid or to help it replicate its DNA.
✅Most satellite viruses contain a gene that allows them to integrate into the host cell’s genetic material after they enter the cell.
✅This enables the satellite to reproduce whenever a helper enters the cell from then on.
✅The host cell also copies the satellite’s DNA and its own when it divides.
#science_and_technology
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
✅They are pathogens that latch onto other viruses in order to replicate themselves.
✅They emerge when a bacteriophage attaches to a soil-based virus, utilising its "life" for independent survival.
✅This viral relationship between two pathogens is called a satellite and a helper.
✅The satellite is the infectious strand that relies on the helper for support through its life cycle.
✅Satellites depend on both their host organism and helper virus to complete its life cycle.
✅The satellite virus depends on the helper virus to build the protective shell that covers its genetic material, called a capsid or to help it replicate its DNA.
✅Most satellite viruses contain a gene that allows them to integrate into the host cell’s genetic material after they enter the cell.
✅This enables the satellite to reproduce whenever a helper enters the cell from then on.
✅The host cell also copies the satellite’s DNA and its own when it divides.
#science_and_technology
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
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#Goodmorning
⏳4 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 100 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳347 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳436 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -11 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -110 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳4 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 100 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳347 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳436 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -11 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -110 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
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🔆Baler Machine
✅With the problem of farm fires being taken up by the Supreme Court, Baler machines have been in demand in Punjab.
✅Baler machines have been around for a decade, and currently around 2,000 of them operate in Punjab. Of
these 1,268 are highly subsidised (50-80%) under the Centre’s Crop Residue Management (CRM) scheme.
Need Of The Machine
✅Upon harvesting, the paddy crop leaves a stubble on the ground. Farmers need to get rid of this stubble before the next crop can be sown.
✅Farmers burn the stubble, the smoke from which becomes one of the largest air pollutants around November each year.
✅More environment-friendly methods include incorporation of the stubble into the soil using machines such as super seeders (in situ management).
✅However, this leaves fields vulnerable to insect attacks, necessitating the use of toxic insecticides. Thus, ex situ management is preferable. This is where baler machines come in.
#science_and_technology
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
✅With the problem of farm fires being taken up by the Supreme Court, Baler machines have been in demand in Punjab.
✅Baler machines have been around for a decade, and currently around 2,000 of them operate in Punjab. Of
these 1,268 are highly subsidised (50-80%) under the Centre’s Crop Residue Management (CRM) scheme.
Need Of The Machine
✅Upon harvesting, the paddy crop leaves a stubble on the ground. Farmers need to get rid of this stubble before the next crop can be sown.
✅Farmers burn the stubble, the smoke from which becomes one of the largest air pollutants around November each year.
✅More environment-friendly methods include incorporation of the stubble into the soil using machines such as super seeders (in situ management).
✅However, this leaves fields vulnerable to insect attacks, necessitating the use of toxic insecticides. Thus, ex situ management is preferable. This is where baler machines come in.
#science_and_technology
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
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🔆Bharat 6G :India’s 6G roadmap
✅The vision document has been prepared by the Technology Innovation Group on 6G (TIG-6G) constituted by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT).
✅6G Vision is based on principles of Affordability, Sustainability, and Ubiquity.
✅The Vision is fully aligned with the national Vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat and will seek to empower every Indian to become Atmanirbhar (self-reliant) in their lives.
#science_and_technology
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
✅The vision document has been prepared by the Technology Innovation Group on 6G (TIG-6G) constituted by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT).
✅6G Vision is based on principles of Affordability, Sustainability, and Ubiquity.
✅The Vision is fully aligned with the national Vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat and will seek to empower every Indian to become Atmanirbhar (self-reliant) in their lives.
#science_and_technology
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
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Mppsc prelims 2024 admit card
https://mponline.gov.in/Portal/Examinations/MPPSC/2024/AdmitCard/SS24Login.aspx
https://mponline.gov.in/Portal/Examinations/MPPSC/2024/AdmitCard/SS24Login.aspx
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Important summits for UPSC prelims
✅ G20 Summit
✅G20: New Delhi Declaration
✅ 15th BRICS Summit 2023
✅ BIMSTEC Summit
✅ ASEAN Summit, ASEAN-India Summit
✅ SCO Summit
✅ Global Buddhist Summit
✅ Indian Ocean Conference
✅ Global Summit on Traditional Medicine
✅ GPAI Summit
✅ COP - 28
✅ INDUS-X Summit
✅ Future Skills Summit
✅ 7th GEF summit
✅ Kampala Ministerial Declaration
✅ East Asia Summit
✅ Liptako-Gourma Charter
✅ Climate Ambition Summit (CAS) 2023
✅ Global Security Initiative (GSI)
✅ Codex Alimentarius Commission
✅ Paris Club
✅ Genocide Convention, 1948
✅ NATO Summit
✅ Global Maritime Indian Summit and Blue economy
✅ Bharatiya Bhasha Summit
✅ BUSSINESS 20 (B20)
✅ AI regulations summit London
✅ AI for good global summit
✅ Nataraj At G20 summit
✅ TRIFED's Artisanal treasure at G20 summit
✅ Rio Earth summit
✅ Washington Declaration
✅International Organization for Migration (IOM)
✅6th Indian Ocean Conference (IOC)
✅Vienna Convention
✅Indo-Pacific Armies Chiefs’ Conference (IPACC)
✅Climate Ambition Summit (CAS)
✅Brazzaville Summit or Three Basins Summit 2023
✅Belém Declaration
✅Bletchley
✅ Agenda 63
✅ Stockholm convention
✅Beijing conferenc
#pre_revision
Join @CSE_EXAM
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MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes) MISHTI is a new programme that will facilitate mangrove plantation along India’s coastline and on salt pan lands. The programme will operate through “convergence between MGNREGS, Campa Fund and other sources • Sundarbans in Bengal being one of the largest mangrove forests on the planet. • Mangroves can sequester up to four times more carbon than tropical rainforests.
PM PRANAM (Prime Minister Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth) This programme will seek to incentivise states and union territories promoting alternative fertilisers and the balanced use of chemical fertilisers Amrit Dharohar (Wetlands) This is a scheme that will be implemented over the next three years to encourage optimal use of wetlands, and enhance bio-diversity, carbon stock, eco-tourism opportunities and income generation for local communities.
Amrit Dharohar will emphasise on the importance of wetlands and their preservation, with an outlook that is inclusive of local communities as caretakers of the ecosystem.
PM PRANAM (Prime Minister Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth) This programme will seek to incentivise states and union territories promoting alternative fertilisers and the balanced use of chemical fertilisers Amrit Dharohar (Wetlands) This is a scheme that will be implemented over the next three years to encourage optimal use of wetlands, and enhance bio-diversity, carbon stock, eco-tourism opportunities and income generation for local communities.
Amrit Dharohar will emphasise on the importance of wetlands and their preservation, with an outlook that is inclusive of local communities as caretakers of the ecosystem.
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