Radiology
65)
• The shown image is angiographic image of Circle of Willis. • The artery marked with arrow is internal carotid artery. (Keywords in image: PCA, posterior cerebral artery; PCoA, posterior communicating artery; ACA, anterior cerebral artery; ACoA, anterior communicating artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; ICA, internal carotid artery).
Radiology
66)
The image shows an invertogram which is an X-ray of neonate taken upside down with a coin placed at the anus of the child as a radiological marker. This is done to evaluate a child with anorectal malformations.
67) Which of the following is the investigation of choice for dissecting aortic aneurysm?
Anonymous Quiz
49%
a. CECT
13%
b. PET
21%
c. MRI
16%
d. TEE
68) In the shown lateral view of chest X-ray, what is the structure marked with X or white arrow head?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
a. Esophagus
38%
b. Pulmonary artery
25%
c. Trachea
14%
d. Left atrium
70) Spider-leg deformity of pelvicalyceal system on intravenous urography (IVU) is a constant feature of:
Anonymous Quiz
18%
a. Tuberculosis
27%
b. Renal cell carcinoma
39%
c. Polycystic disease
16%
d. Wilm’s tumor
71) Which of the following investigation is preferred for diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
a. Intravenous urography
60%
b. Micturating cystourethrogram
21%
c. Retrograde pyelography
5%
d. Ultrasonography
Radiology
71) Which of the following investigation is preferred for diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux:
71) Explanation
Steps in MCU •Catheterization to fill the bladder with a radio-contrast agent, typically cystografin. •Under fluoroscopy, we can see the contrast entering the bladder. •If the contrast moves into the ureters and back into the kidneys, the radiologist makes the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux. Indication of MCU 1. All males with recurrent UTIs, or abnormality on ultrasound if first UTI urinary tract infection 2. First episode UTI in females <3 years of age 3. Febrile UTIs in females <5 years of age 4. Older females with pyelonephritis or recurrent UTIs 5. Suspected obstruction (e.g. Bilateral hydronephrosis) 6. Suspected bladder trauma or rupture 7. Stress incontinence (urine)
Steps in MCU •Catheterization to fill the bladder with a radio-contrast agent, typically cystografin. •Under fluoroscopy, we can see the contrast entering the bladder. •If the contrast moves into the ureters and back into the kidneys, the radiologist makes the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux. Indication of MCU 1. All males with recurrent UTIs, or abnormality on ultrasound if first UTI urinary tract infection 2. First episode UTI in females <3 years of age 3. Febrile UTIs in females <5 years of age 4. Older females with pyelonephritis or recurrent UTIs 5. Suspected obstruction (e.g. Bilateral hydronephrosis) 6. Suspected bladder trauma or rupture 7. Stress incontinence (urine)
Radiology
75)
75) Explanation
The sign demonstrated in the image is seashore sign. The seashore sign describes the granular pattern that underlies the horizontal motionless layers of the chest wall on M-mode.
“The seashore sign describes the granular pattern that underlies the horizontal motionless layers of the chest wall on M-mode. The straight motionless aspect depicts the stationary chest wall (waves) that lies above the granular layer (beach) which is indicative of the respirophasic movement of the lung. This sign is absent in the presence of pneumothorax because air prevents the visualization of movement of the underlying lung.”
The sign demonstrated in the image is seashore sign. The seashore sign describes the granular pattern that underlies the horizontal motionless layers of the chest wall on M-mode.
“The seashore sign describes the granular pattern that underlies the horizontal motionless layers of the chest wall on M-mode. The straight motionless aspect depicts the stationary chest wall (waves) that lies above the granular layer (beach) which is indicative of the respirophasic movement of the lung. This sign is absent in the presence of pneumothorax because air prevents the visualization of movement of the underlying lung.”
76) Patient with carcinoma endometrium treated with pelvic external beam irradiation to whole pelvis. Which of the following organs is most radiosensitive in the pelvic region?
Anonymous Quiz
64%
a. Ovary
13%
b. Vagina
15%
c. Bladder
7%
d. Rectum
Radiology
76) Patient with carcinoma endometrium treated with pelvic external beam irradiation to whole pelvis. Which of the following organs is most radiosensitive in the pelvic region?
76) Explanation
Among the given options, most radiosensitive organ is ovary >rectum >bladder >vagina (Radiation tolerance dose: Ovary
= 2-3 Gy ; Rectum = 60 Gy; Bladder = 65 Gy; Vagina = 90 Gy).
Among the given options, most radiosensitive organ is ovary >rectum >bladder >vagina (Radiation tolerance dose: Ovary
= 2-3 Gy ; Rectum = 60 Gy; Bladder = 65 Gy; Vagina = 90 Gy).
77) Piezoelectric crystals are made use of in which modality that is safe from radiation also?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
a. MRI
57%
b. US
8%
c. CT
15%
d. All of above
78) Loss of proton and electron both when rays travel through the body:
Anonymous Quiz
37%
a. Compton effect
19%
b. Loss of linear energy
11%
c. Loss of biological dose
33%
d. Photoelectric effect
78) Explanation
When X-rays travel through the body it can cause 2 effects:
• Photoelectric effect and Compton effect.
• The photoelectric effect is the observation that many metals emit electrons when light shines upon them.
Compton Effect
• Compton scattering is the inelastic scattering of a photon by a charged particle, usually an electron. It results in a decrease in energy (increase in wavelength) of the photon (which may be an X-ray or gamma ray photon), called the Compton effect.
• This is the reason; it is advised to wear lead apron (thickness- 0.5 mm) in the procedure room
When X-rays travel through the body it can cause 2 effects:
• Photoelectric effect and Compton effect.
• The photoelectric effect is the observation that many metals emit electrons when light shines upon them.
Compton Effect
• Compton scattering is the inelastic scattering of a photon by a charged particle, usually an electron. It results in a decrease in energy (increase in wavelength) of the photon (which may be an X-ray or gamma ray photon), called the Compton effect.
• This is the reason; it is advised to wear lead apron (thickness- 0.5 mm) in the procedure room