79) Explanation


• Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medical imaging modality that produces a three-dimensional image of functional processes in the body.
• The most common indication for a PET scan is to detect cancer metastasis.
• The technique operates on the principle of detecting gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer).
• Three dimensional imaging is done with the aid of a CT X-ray scan performed on the patient during the same session
• The biologically active molecule chosen for PET is FDG (18-Fluoro deoxy glucose), an analogue of glucose, the concentrations of tracer imaged will indicate tissue metabolic activity by virtue of the regional glucose uptake.
• Also remember: Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is an imaging procedure that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. It is used for diagnosis of alzeihmer’s disease

80) Explanation

• The best investigation for kidney stone and ureteric stone is non-contrast helical CT abdomen.
• The limitation of USG is that it is less sensitive and can scan only the kidney and proximal ureter.
• Helical CT can detect stones as small as 1 mm which can be missed by other modalities.

81) X-ray pelvis image is shown. What is the structure marked with arrow?


a. Acetabulum
b. Obturator foramen
c. Ischial foramen
d. Symphysis pubis

81) Explanation

82) The shown image modality is:
a. PET- CT scan
b. PET–MRI
c. CECT
d. X-ray

82) Explanation


• The shown image is of PET-CT.
• Shown below are three images. First image is of CT scan, second image PET scan. When these two images are superimposed, the image is said to be PET-CT

83) What is this image called
a. Orthopantogram
b. Lateral cephalogram
c. Towns view
d. Stenver view

83) Explanation




• An orthopantogram is a panoramic or wide view X-ray of the lower face, which displays all the teeth of the upper and lower jaw on a single film. It demonstrates the number, position and growth of all the teeth including those that have not yet surfaced or erupted.
• A lateral cephalogram is a lateral or side view X-ray of the face, which demonstrates the bones and facial contours in profile on a single film
• Towns view and stenver view is used to visualize the petrous part of the pyramids, the dorsum sellae and the posterior clinoid processes, which are visible in the shadow of the foramen magnum

84) Explanation



Cancers associated with high dose exposure include leukemia, breast, bladder, colon, liver, lung, esophagus, ovarian, multiple myeloma, and stomach cancers

84) Explanation



Cancers associated with high dose exposure include leukemia, breast, bladder, colon, liver, lung, esophagus, ovarian, multiple myeloma, and stomach cancers

85) A patient presented with complaints of low grade fever with dyspnoea. The shown X-ray is suggestive of

85) Explanation



• The given X-ray shows massive pleural effusion. Since there is history of low grade fever and dyspnea, this can be secondary to some underlying pathology, producing exudative effusion