3. Public Service Announcements: Posters communicated government guidelines, restrictions, and updates to keep communities informed.
4. Fundraising and Support: Poster designs were used to promote charity initiatives, support local businesses, and express solidarity during challenging times.
4. Fundraising and Support: Poster designs were used to promote charity initiatives, support local businesses, and express solidarity during challenging times.
๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ 2๐ฟ - 4๐ฟ ๐ฅ๐ฅ
. ๐๐๐ง๐๐ ๐ง๐ค๐ก๐๐จ ๐๐๐๐ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐จ๐ค๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐๐ก๐ฅ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐ฌ๐๐ค ๐๐จ ๐ฅ๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ค๐๐๐ช๐ก๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ข:
- ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ:
- ๐๐ง๐ค๐ซ๐๐๐ ๐๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ช๐๐๐๐ฃ๐๐
- ๐๐ฃ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง๐๐๐ ๐ค๐ฅ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ค๐ข๐ข๐ช๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐ง๐ช๐จ๐ฉ
- ๐๐๐ฉ ๐๐ก๐๐๐ง ๐๐ค๐ช๐ฃ๐๐๐ง๐๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐๐ฆ๐ช๐๐ฃ๐๐๐จ
- ๐๐ค๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ฎ:
- ๐๐๐๐๐ง ๐๐ค๐ช๐ฃ๐จ๐๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ง๐๐ฅ๐ฎ ๐จ๐๐ง๐ซ๐๐๐๐จ
- ๐๐ง๐ค๐ซ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ช๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฌ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐จ ๐๐๐ค๐ช๐ฉ ๐ค๐๐๐ช๐ก๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ข
- ๐๐ฃ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐ฉ๐๐ฎ ๐ง๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐๐๐ฅ๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐จ๐ค๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐ฃ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ
2. ๐ฟ๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฌ๐๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐ค๐ง๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ:
- ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐ค๐ง๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ: ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฌ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ซ๐๐๐ช๐๐ก ๐๐จ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ฃ ๐ค๐ง ๐๐๐ค๐ฅ๐ฉ๐๐
- ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ: ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ซ๐๐๐ช๐๐ก ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐ง๐ค๐ช๐๐ ๐ข๐๐ง๐ง๐๐๐๐ ๐ค๐ง ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ฉ๐ฃ๐๐ง๐จ๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐๐ฃ
3. ๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฉ๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ข๐๐ข๐๐๐ง๐จ:
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ง๐๐จ๐ฅ๐๐๐ฉ
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฅ๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐๐ฎ
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ง๐ค๐ข ๐๐๐ง๐ข
4. ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง ๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐จ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ข๐๐ข๐๐๐ง๐จ ๐๐๐ฃ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐ซ๐๐๐ ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ ๐๐ค๐ง ๐ค๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ง:
- ๐๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ (๐ก๐๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐, ๐๐ฃ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ)
- ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ (๐๐๐ก๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ ๐จ, ๐๐ง๐ง๐๐ฃ๐๐จ)
- ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ (๐จ๐๐๐ง๐๐ ๐๐ญ๐ฅ๐๐ฃ๐จ๐๐จ, ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐จ)
- ๐๐๐ฎ๐จ๐๐๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ (๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐, ๐๐๐ก๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ฃ๐๐๐๐จ)
5. ๐๐ญ๐ฅ๐ก๐๐๐ฃ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฌ๐๐๐ฃ ๐ ๐ข๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฅ๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐จ๐ฎ๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ข:
- ๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ก: ๐ผ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐จ๐ฎ๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ข ๐ฌ๐๐๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ง ๐ค๐ง ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ช๐ง๐ ๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ข๐ค๐จ๐ฉ ๐ฅ๐ค๐ฌ๐๐ง ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ช๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ง๐๐ฉ๐ฎ
- ๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ก: ๐ผ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐จ๐ฎ๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ข ๐ฌ๐๐๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ง ๐ค๐ง ๐ข๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ช๐ง๐ ๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ข๐ค๐จ๐ฉ ๐ฅ๐ค๐ฌ๐๐ง ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ช๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ง๐๐ฉ๐ฎ
6. ๐๐ฌ๐ค ๐ง๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ข๐:
- ๐พ๐ค๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ช๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐ค๐ช๐จ๐๐๐ค๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ค๐ง๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ ๐จ
- ๐๐๐จ๐ฅ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ค๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐จ
7. ๐ฟ๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฌ๐๐๐ฃ ๐ฌ๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ:
- ๐๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ: ๐ฝ๐ช๐จ๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐จ๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ ๐จ๐๐ก๐ก ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ช๐ก๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ ๐ค๐ง ๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ง ๐๐ช๐จ๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐จ๐๐จ
- ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ: ๐ฝ๐ช๐จ๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐จ๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ ๐จ๐๐ก๐ก ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ ๐๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐ก๐ฎ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐ช๐ข๐๐ง๐จ
8. ๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ช๐ฃ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐ฌ๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ:
- ๐ฝ๐ช๐ฎ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐จ๐๐ก๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ
- ๐๐ฉ๐ค๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ
- ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐จ๐๐ง๐ซ๐๐๐๐จ
- ๐๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ
- ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐จ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ก๐ค๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐๐๐จ
9. ๐ฟ๐๐จ๐๐ง๐๐๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ง๐๐ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐ช๐ข๐๐ง ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ:
- ๐พ๐ค๐ฃ๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ (๐.๐., ๐๐ค๐ค๐, ๐ฉ๐ค๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐จ)
- ๐๐๐ค๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ (๐.๐., ๐๐ก๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐, ๐๐ก๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐ค๐ฃ๐๐๐จ)
- ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ (๐.๐., ๐ก๐ช๐ญ๐ช๐ง๐ฎ ๐๐ฉ๐๐ข๐จ, ๐ช๐ฃ๐๐ฆ๐ช๐ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐๐ช๐๐ฉ๐จ)
. ๐๐๐ง๐๐ ๐ง๐ค๐ก๐๐จ ๐๐๐๐ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐จ๐ค๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐๐ก๐ฅ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐ฌ๐๐ค ๐๐จ ๐ฅ๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ค๐๐๐ช๐ก๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ข:
- ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ:
- ๐๐ง๐ค๐ซ๐๐๐ ๐๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ช๐๐๐๐ฃ๐๐
- ๐๐ฃ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง๐๐๐ ๐ค๐ฅ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ค๐ข๐ข๐ช๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐ง๐ช๐จ๐ฉ
- ๐๐๐ฉ ๐๐ก๐๐๐ง ๐๐ค๐ช๐ฃ๐๐๐ง๐๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐๐ฆ๐ช๐๐ฃ๐๐๐จ
- ๐๐ค๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ฎ:
- ๐๐๐๐๐ง ๐๐ค๐ช๐ฃ๐จ๐๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ง๐๐ฅ๐ฎ ๐จ๐๐ง๐ซ๐๐๐๐จ
- ๐๐ง๐ค๐ซ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ช๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฌ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐จ ๐๐๐ค๐ช๐ฉ ๐ค๐๐๐ช๐ก๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ข
- ๐๐ฃ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐ฉ๐๐ฎ ๐ง๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐๐๐ฅ๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐จ๐ค๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐ฃ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ
2. ๐ฟ๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฌ๐๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐ค๐ง๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ:
- ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐ค๐ง๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ: ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฌ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ซ๐๐๐ช๐๐ก ๐๐จ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ฃ ๐ค๐ง ๐๐๐ค๐ฅ๐ฉ๐๐
- ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ: ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ซ๐๐๐ช๐๐ก ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐ง๐ค๐ช๐๐ ๐ข๐๐ง๐ง๐๐๐๐ ๐ค๐ง ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ฉ๐ฃ๐๐ง๐จ๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐๐ฃ
3. ๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฉ๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ข๐๐ข๐๐๐ง๐จ:
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ง๐๐จ๐ฅ๐๐๐ฉ
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฅ๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐๐ฎ
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ง๐ค๐ข ๐๐๐ง๐ข
4. ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง ๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐จ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ข๐๐ข๐๐๐ง๐จ ๐๐๐ฃ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐ซ๐๐๐ ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ ๐๐ค๐ง ๐ค๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ง:
- ๐๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ (๐ก๐๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐, ๐๐ฃ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ)
- ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ (๐๐๐ก๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ ๐จ, ๐๐ง๐ง๐๐ฃ๐๐จ)
- ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ (๐จ๐๐๐ง๐๐ ๐๐ญ๐ฅ๐๐ฃ๐จ๐๐จ, ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐จ)
- ๐๐๐ฎ๐จ๐๐๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ (๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐, ๐๐๐ก๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐ฃ๐๐๐๐จ)
5. ๐๐ญ๐ฅ๐ก๐๐๐ฃ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฌ๐๐๐ฃ ๐ ๐ข๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฅ๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐จ๐ฎ๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ข:
- ๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ก: ๐ผ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐จ๐ฎ๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ข ๐ฌ๐๐๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ง ๐ค๐ง ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ช๐ง๐ ๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ข๐ค๐จ๐ฉ ๐ฅ๐ค๐ฌ๐๐ง ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ช๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ง๐๐ฉ๐ฎ
- ๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ก: ๐ผ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐จ๐ฎ๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ข ๐ฌ๐๐๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ง ๐ค๐ง ๐ข๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ช๐ง๐ ๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ข๐ค๐จ๐ฉ ๐ฅ๐ค๐ฌ๐๐ง ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ช๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ง๐๐ฉ๐ฎ
6. ๐๐ฌ๐ค ๐ง๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ข๐:
- ๐พ๐ค๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ช๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐ค๐ช๐จ๐๐๐ค๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ค๐ง๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ ๐จ
- ๐๐๐จ๐ฅ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ค๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐จ
7. ๐ฟ๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฌ๐๐๐ฃ ๐ฌ๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ:
- ๐๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ: ๐ฝ๐ช๐จ๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐จ๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ ๐จ๐๐ก๐ก ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ช๐ก๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ ๐ค๐ง ๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ง ๐๐ช๐จ๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐จ๐๐จ
- ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ: ๐ฝ๐ช๐จ๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐จ๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ ๐จ๐๐ก๐ก ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ ๐๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐ก๐ฎ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐ช๐ข๐๐ง๐จ
8. ๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ช๐ฃ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐ฌ๐๐ค๐ก๐๐จ๐๐ก๐๐ง๐จ:
- ๐ฝ๐ช๐ฎ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐จ๐๐ก๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ
- ๐๐ฉ๐ค๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ
- ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ฉ ๐จ๐๐ง๐ซ๐๐๐๐จ
- ๐๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ
- ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐จ๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ก๐ค๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐๐๐จ
9. ๐ฟ๐๐จ๐๐ง๐๐๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ง๐๐ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐ช๐ข๐๐ง ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ:
- ๐พ๐ค๐ฃ๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ (๐.๐., ๐๐ค๐ค๐, ๐ฉ๐ค๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐จ)
- ๐๐๐ค๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ (๐.๐., ๐๐ก๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐, ๐๐ก๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐ค๐ฃ๐๐๐จ)
- ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐๐ค๐ค๐๐จ (๐.๐., ๐ก๐ช๐ญ๐ช๐ง๐ฎ ๐๐ฉ๐๐ข๐จ, ๐ช๐ฃ๐๐ฆ๐ช๐ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐๐ช๐๐ฉ๐จ)
*GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ANSWERS*
5. (a) Introduction:
Plant improvement is a crucial process in agriculture that aims to enhance the quality and productivity of crops. This process involves various techniques and methods to improve the genetic makeup of plants, resulting in better disease resistance, higher yields, and improved nutritional content.
(b) Staking:
Staking is a cultural practice used in horticulture to support plants that have weak stems or are prone to lodging (falling over). This is especially important for plants like tomatoes, peas, and cucumbers. Staking helps to keep the plant upright, preventing damage from wind and rain, and allowing for better fruit production.
(c) Treating seeds with pesticides:
Some seeds are treated with pesticides before planting to protect them from fungal diseases and pests. This is especially important for seeds that are susceptible to diseases like damping off or root rot. The pesticides help to create a protective barrier on the seed surface, preventing pathogens from germinating and infecting the seedling.
(d) Fungal diseases of tomatoes:
Three common fungal diseases of tomatoes are:
1. Early blight: This disease is caused by the fungus Alternaria solani and is characterized by yellowing of leaves, brown spots on the undersides of leaves, and black, irregularly shaped lesions on the fruit.
2. Late blight: This disease is caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans and is characterized by large, irregularly shaped, greenish-gray lesions on the leaves and fruit. It is highly infectious and can cause significant yield loss.
3. Septoria leaf spot: This disease is caused by the fungus Septoria lycopersici and is characterized by small, brown, circular lesions on the undersides of leaves. It can cause leaf drop and defoliation, leading to reduced plant vigor and fruit production.
6. (a) Non-pathogenic disease of crops:
A non-pathogenic disease of crops is one that is not caused by a pathogen (such as a bacterium, fungus, or virus). Instead, these diseases are caused by environmental factors, nutritional deficiencies, or other non-living agents. Examples of non-pathogenic diseases include:
1. Nutrient deficiencies: These diseases are caused by a lack of essential nutrients in the soil, such as nitrogen, iron, or magnesium. Symptoms include yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and reduced fruit production.
2. Environmental stresses: These diseases are caused by adverse environmental conditions, such as drought, frost, or excessive moisture. Symptoms include wilting, leaf drop, and reduced plant vigor.
(b) Benefits of trimming in horticulture:
Four benefits of trimming in horticulture are:
1. Promotes healthy growth: Trimming helps to remove diseased, damaged, or dead branches, promoting healthy growth and preventing the spread of diseases.
2. Increases fruit production: Trimming can help to increase fruit production by promoting better air circulation and sunlight penetration, which can lead to improved fruit quality and yield.
3. Enhances plant appearance: Trimming can help to improve the overall appearance of the plant by removing overgrown or unsightly branches, making it more attractive to consumers.
4. Prevents pest and disease infestations: Trimming can help to prevent pest and disease infestations by removing potential hiding places and reducing the risk of direct contact between the plant and pathogens.
(c) Suppling and thinning:
Suppling and thinning are two terms used in horticulture to describe different pruning techniques.
Suppling involves removing or cutting back branches that are growing inwards or crossing over other branches. This helps to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration, promoting healthy growth and fruit production.
Thinning involves removing or cutting back branches that are growing inwards or crossing over other branches, as well as removing weak or damaged branches. This helps to improve plant appearance, promote healthy growth, and increase fruit production.
5. (a) Introduction:
Plant improvement is a crucial process in agriculture that aims to enhance the quality and productivity of crops. This process involves various techniques and methods to improve the genetic makeup of plants, resulting in better disease resistance, higher yields, and improved nutritional content.
(b) Staking:
Staking is a cultural practice used in horticulture to support plants that have weak stems or are prone to lodging (falling over). This is especially important for plants like tomatoes, peas, and cucumbers. Staking helps to keep the plant upright, preventing damage from wind and rain, and allowing for better fruit production.
(c) Treating seeds with pesticides:
Some seeds are treated with pesticides before planting to protect them from fungal diseases and pests. This is especially important for seeds that are susceptible to diseases like damping off or root rot. The pesticides help to create a protective barrier on the seed surface, preventing pathogens from germinating and infecting the seedling.
(d) Fungal diseases of tomatoes:
Three common fungal diseases of tomatoes are:
1. Early blight: This disease is caused by the fungus Alternaria solani and is characterized by yellowing of leaves, brown spots on the undersides of leaves, and black, irregularly shaped lesions on the fruit.
2. Late blight: This disease is caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans and is characterized by large, irregularly shaped, greenish-gray lesions on the leaves and fruit. It is highly infectious and can cause significant yield loss.
3. Septoria leaf spot: This disease is caused by the fungus Septoria lycopersici and is characterized by small, brown, circular lesions on the undersides of leaves. It can cause leaf drop and defoliation, leading to reduced plant vigor and fruit production.
6. (a) Non-pathogenic disease of crops:
A non-pathogenic disease of crops is one that is not caused by a pathogen (such as a bacterium, fungus, or virus). Instead, these diseases are caused by environmental factors, nutritional deficiencies, or other non-living agents. Examples of non-pathogenic diseases include:
1. Nutrient deficiencies: These diseases are caused by a lack of essential nutrients in the soil, such as nitrogen, iron, or magnesium. Symptoms include yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and reduced fruit production.
2. Environmental stresses: These diseases are caused by adverse environmental conditions, such as drought, frost, or excessive moisture. Symptoms include wilting, leaf drop, and reduced plant vigor.
(b) Benefits of trimming in horticulture:
Four benefits of trimming in horticulture are:
1. Promotes healthy growth: Trimming helps to remove diseased, damaged, or dead branches, promoting healthy growth and preventing the spread of diseases.
2. Increases fruit production: Trimming can help to increase fruit production by promoting better air circulation and sunlight penetration, which can lead to improved fruit quality and yield.
3. Enhances plant appearance: Trimming can help to improve the overall appearance of the plant by removing overgrown or unsightly branches, making it more attractive to consumers.
4. Prevents pest and disease infestations: Trimming can help to prevent pest and disease infestations by removing potential hiding places and reducing the risk of direct contact between the plant and pathogens.
(c) Suppling and thinning:
Suppling and thinning are two terms used in horticulture to describe different pruning techniques.
Suppling involves removing or cutting back branches that are growing inwards or crossing over other branches. This helps to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration, promoting healthy growth and fruit production.
Thinning involves removing or cutting back branches that are growing inwards or crossing over other branches, as well as removing weak or damaged branches. This helps to improve plant appearance, promote healthy growth, and increase fruit production.
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5a. Time has three main characteristics: it is continuous, irreversible, and can be measured.
5b. 1. Meal Planning
2. Prep Ahead:
3. One-Pot Meals
4. Use Kitchen Gadgets
5. Batch Cooking:
5b. 1. Meal Planning
2. Prep Ahead:
3. One-Pot Meals
4. Use Kitchen Gadgets
5. Batch Cooking:
4a.
1. Eat a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrients to support overall health and well-being.
2. Engage in regular physical activity to maintain fitness levels and promote cardiovascular health.
3. Get an adequate amount of quality sleep to allow the body to rest, recover, and recharge.
4. Practice stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga, or hobbies to reduce stress levels and promote mental well-being.
4b.
1. Regular handwashing with soap and water to prevent the spread of germs and infections.
2. Showering or bathing daily to keep the skin clean and reduce the risk of skin infections.
3. Brushing teeth at least twice a day and flossing regularly to maintain oral hygiene and prevent dental issues.
4. Changing and washing clothes regularly to maintain cleanliness and prevent the buildup of bacteria and odors.
1. Eat a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrients to support overall health and well-being.
2. Engage in regular physical activity to maintain fitness levels and promote cardiovascular health.
3. Get an adequate amount of quality sleep to allow the body to rest, recover, and recharge.
4. Practice stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga, or hobbies to reduce stress levels and promote mental well-being.
4b.
1. Regular handwashing with soap and water to prevent the spread of germs and infections.
2. Showering or bathing daily to keep the skin clean and reduce the risk of skin infections.
3. Brushing teeth at least twice a day and flossing regularly to maintain oral hygiene and prevent dental issues.
4. Changing and washing clothes regularly to maintain cleanliness and prevent the buildup of bacteria and odors.