🔆 CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION (CWC) :
✅ Premier Technical Organization of India in the field of Water Resources
✅ Attached Office of the Ministry of Jal Shakti
✅ Under Department of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation
✅ Headquarters - New Delhi
✅ Background - Previously known as the Central Waterways, Irrigation, and Navigation Commission (CWINC)
✅ Formed - 1945 , On The Recommendation of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
✅ Chairman - Ex-Officio Secretary to the Government of India.
✅ Constitutes : 3️⃣ Wings
🔸️ Designs and Research (D&R) Wing
🔸️ River Management (RM) Wing
🔸️ Water Planning and Projects (WP&P) Wing
✅ Function - Responsible for the management & Utilization of water resources in the country. This includes creating and coordinating strategies for the use, conservation, and regulation of water resources.
✅ Premier Technical Organization of India in the field of Water Resources
✅ Attached Office of the Ministry of Jal Shakti
✅ Under Department of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation
✅ Headquarters - New Delhi
✅ Background - Previously known as the Central Waterways, Irrigation, and Navigation Commission (CWINC)
✅ Formed - 1945 , On The Recommendation of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
✅ Chairman - Ex-Officio Secretary to the Government of India.
✅ Constitutes : 3️⃣ Wings
🔸️ Designs and Research (D&R) Wing
🔸️ River Management (RM) Wing
🔸️ Water Planning and Projects (WP&P) Wing
✅ Function - Responsible for the management & Utilization of water resources in the country. This includes creating and coordinating strategies for the use, conservation, and regulation of water resources.
🔆 India Post Payment Banks (IPPB) :
✅ Financial Service Provider that will operate Under the country's Postal Department.
✅ Established - 2018, with 100% equity owned by the Government of India.
✅ Under - The Ministry of Communications
✅ Headquarters: New Delhi
✅ Vision: To create an accessible, affordable, and trusted bank for all citizens
✅ IPPB is committed to providing a fillip to a less cash economy and contribute to the vision of Digital India.
✅ Benefits :
◽️Expansion of Rural Banking
◽️Access to Diversified Services
◽️ Employment
◽️ Credibility
✅ Financial Service Provider that will operate Under the country's Postal Department.
✅ Established - 2018, with 100% equity owned by the Government of India.
✅ Under - The Ministry of Communications
✅ Headquarters: New Delhi
✅ Vision: To create an accessible, affordable, and trusted bank for all citizens
✅ IPPB is committed to providing a fillip to a less cash economy and contribute to the vision of Digital India.
✅ Benefits :
◽️Expansion of Rural Banking
◽️Access to Diversified Services
◽️ Employment
◽️ Credibility
#Goodmorning
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⏳58 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳240 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳329 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 30 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 86 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
⏳51 days 70th BPSC prelims ( 17 Nov )
⏳ 23 days Gpsc mains ( 20 Oct )
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🔆 ‘Society’
✅‘Society’ refers to a group of people who live in a particular country or region and share a common culture, religion, language, or set of values. Indian society is a diverse and complex mixture of different religions, cultures, ethnic groups, and social classes. There is a wide range of customs, traditions, and beliefs that shape the way people live and interact with each other.
📍The general traits of Indian society : Indian society is characterized by a number of distinct features, some of which include:
✅Diversity: India is a highly diverse country, both in terms of geography and culture. There are many different languages, religions, and ethnic groups, each with its own unique customs and traditions.
✅Hierarchy: Historically, the Indian society has been characterized by a strict social hierarchy, with certain groups enjoying more privileges than others.
✅Family-oriented: Family plays a central role in Indian society and is considered the primary source of emotional and financial support.
✅Religion: Religion is deeply ingrained in Indian society and influences daily life, including food, clothing, and ritual. The major religions in India are Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, and Christianity.
✅Respect for elders: Indian society places a high value on respect for elders, and it is considered rude to speak or act in ways that are seen as disrespectful towards them.
✅Hospitality: Indians are known for their hospitality and generosity towards guests, and it is common for hosts to go to great lengths to make their guests feel comfortable and welcome.
✅Cultural syncretism: Many different cultures and religions have coexisted and interacted on the Indian subcontinent throughout its history.
✅Secularism: India has a secular government and constitution which guarantees equal rights and freedom of religion for all its citizens.
📍What are the salient features of Indian Society?
✅Multi-ethnicity
✅Multilingualism
✅Multi-religious
✅Caste system
✅Family-marriage kinship
✅Co-existence of traditionalism and modernity
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#society
#mains
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@upsc_society_gs
✅‘Society’ refers to a group of people who live in a particular country or region and share a common culture, religion, language, or set of values. Indian society is a diverse and complex mixture of different religions, cultures, ethnic groups, and social classes. There is a wide range of customs, traditions, and beliefs that shape the way people live and interact with each other.
📍The general traits of Indian society : Indian society is characterized by a number of distinct features, some of which include:
✅Diversity: India is a highly diverse country, both in terms of geography and culture. There are many different languages, religions, and ethnic groups, each with its own unique customs and traditions.
✅Hierarchy: Historically, the Indian society has been characterized by a strict social hierarchy, with certain groups enjoying more privileges than others.
✅Family-oriented: Family plays a central role in Indian society and is considered the primary source of emotional and financial support.
✅Religion: Religion is deeply ingrained in Indian society and influences daily life, including food, clothing, and ritual. The major religions in India are Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, and Christianity.
✅Respect for elders: Indian society places a high value on respect for elders, and it is considered rude to speak or act in ways that are seen as disrespectful towards them.
✅Hospitality: Indians are known for their hospitality and generosity towards guests, and it is common for hosts to go to great lengths to make their guests feel comfortable and welcome.
✅Cultural syncretism: Many different cultures and religions have coexisted and interacted on the Indian subcontinent throughout its history.
✅Secularism: India has a secular government and constitution which guarantees equal rights and freedom of religion for all its citizens.
📍What are the salient features of Indian Society?
✅Multi-ethnicity
✅Multilingualism
✅Multi-religious
✅Caste system
✅Family-marriage kinship
✅Co-existence of traditionalism and modernity
#gs1
#society
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
🔆 Kalaripayattu :
✅ Martial Art based on the ancient knowledge of the human body.
✅ Originated - Kerala
✅ Considered as : The father of modern Kung - Fu
✅ Kalaripayattu is composed of two words, kalari means “place of combat” and payattu means “fighting” in Malayalam.
✅ The four stages of Payattu are :
• Maippayattu - Body conditioning exercises
• Kolthari - Use of wooden weapons
• Angathari: Use of sharp metallic weapons
• Verumkai : Bare-handed defense and attack.
✅ It can be said that Kalarippayattu is Yoga in action.
✅ Martial Art based on the ancient knowledge of the human body.
✅ Originated - Kerala
✅ Considered as : The father of modern Kung - Fu
✅ Kalaripayattu is composed of two words, kalari means “place of combat” and payattu means “fighting” in Malayalam.
✅ The four stages of Payattu are :
• Maippayattu - Body conditioning exercises
• Kolthari - Use of wooden weapons
• Angathari: Use of sharp metallic weapons
• Verumkai : Bare-handed defense and attack.
✅ It can be said that Kalarippayattu is Yoga in action.
#Goodmorning
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⏳57 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳239 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳328 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 29 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 85 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
⏳50 days 70th BPSC prelims ( 17 Nov )
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10 Years of Make in India.pdf
1.3 MB
🔆 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) :
✅ Origin - Shanghai Five (1996) : China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
✅ 2001 : Adding Uzbekistan as a sixth member , The Shanghai Five was renamed the SCO.
✅ 2015 : The SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members.
✅ 2016 : India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations in Tashkent (Uzbekistan), thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members.
✅ 2017: India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members
✅ 2021: It was announced that Iran would become a full member of the SCO.
✅ Headquarter - Beijing, China
🔸 Members - China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran, and Uzbekistan
🔸Observers - Afghanistan, Belarus, and Mongolia
🔸Dialogue Partners - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Egypt, Nepal, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia
✅ Structure :
🔸 The Council of Heads of State
🔸 The Council of Heads of Government
🔸 The Council of Foreign Ministers
🔸 The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure
✅ Significance - Addresses security issues in Asia with primarily Asian members.
✅ 23rd Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit : Hosted By India
✅ SCO Summit 2024(24th) - Astana, Kazakhstan
🔸Belarus has become the 10th member state of the SCO
#prelims_facts
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✅ Origin - Shanghai Five (1996) : China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
✅ 2001 : Adding Uzbekistan as a sixth member , The Shanghai Five was renamed the SCO.
✅ 2015 : The SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members.
✅ 2016 : India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations in Tashkent (Uzbekistan), thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members.
✅ 2017: India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members
✅ 2021: It was announced that Iran would become a full member of the SCO.
✅ Headquarter - Beijing, China
🔸 Members - China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran, and Uzbekistan
🔸Observers - Afghanistan, Belarus, and Mongolia
🔸Dialogue Partners - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Egypt, Nepal, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia
✅ Structure :
🔸 The Council of Heads of State
🔸 The Council of Heads of Government
🔸 The Council of Foreign Ministers
🔸 The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure
✅ Significance - Addresses security issues in Asia with primarily Asian members.
✅ 23rd Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit : Hosted By India
✅ SCO Summit 2024(24th) - Astana, Kazakhstan
🔸Belarus has become the 10th member state of the SCO
#prelims_facts
Join @CSE_EXAM
🔆 The United Nation Security Council (UNSC) :
✅ Established - by the UN Charter in 1945
✅ It is one of the five principle organizations of the United Nations (UN).
✅ Takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to peace or act of aggression.
✅ Headquarters - New York
✅ Members - It has 15 Members, and each Member has one vote
🔸 5 permanent members known as P5, including the United Kingdom, China, France, Russia, and the United States.
🔸 The P5’s privileged status has its roots in the United Nations’ founding in the aftermath of World War II.
🔸They have veto power over decisions of UNSC.
✅ 10 non-permanent members : Each year the 193-member General Assembly elects five non-permanent members for a two-year term at the UNSC.
✅ Recently, Pakistan, Somalia, Denmark, Greece, and Panama have been chosen as non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (UNSC), serving a 2-year term from 1st January 2025 to 31st December 2026.
✅ Established - by the UN Charter in 1945
✅ It is one of the five principle organizations of the United Nations (UN).
✅ Takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to peace or act of aggression.
✅ Headquarters - New York
✅ Members - It has 15 Members, and each Member has one vote
🔸 5 permanent members known as P5, including the United Kingdom, China, France, Russia, and the United States.
🔸 The P5’s privileged status has its roots in the United Nations’ founding in the aftermath of World War II.
🔸They have veto power over decisions of UNSC.
✅ 10 non-permanent members : Each year the 193-member General Assembly elects five non-permanent members for a two-year term at the UNSC.
✅ Recently, Pakistan, Somalia, Denmark, Greece, and Panama have been chosen as non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (UNSC), serving a 2-year term from 1st January 2025 to 31st December 2026.
#Goodmorning
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⏳56 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
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⏳ 28 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
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Forwarded from Upsc Science and technology
🔆What is a Spiral Galaxy?
✅NASA Hubble Space Telescope recently shared a stunning video of a spiral galaxy known as Caldwell 45, or NGC 5248.
📍Spiral Galaxy:
✅Spiral galaxies are twisted collections of stars and gas that often have beautiful shapes and are made up of hot, young stars.
✅In a spiral galaxy, the stars, gas, and dust are gathered in spiral arms that spread outward from the galaxy's center.
✅Most of the galaxies that scientists have discovered so far are spiral galaxies, as opposed to the other two main categories of galaxy shapes—elliptical and irregular.
✅Approximately 60% of all galaxies are thought to be spiral galaxies.
✅The Milky Way, the galaxy that includes Earth and our solar system, is an example of a spiral galaxy.
📍Structure:
✅Most spiral galaxies contain a central bulge surrounded by a flat, rotating disk of stars.
✅The bulge in the center is made up of older, dimmer stars and is thought to contain a supermassive black hole.
✅Approximately two-thirds of spiral galaxies also contain a bar structure through their center, as does the Milky Way.
✅The disk of stars orbiting the bulge separates into arms that circle the galaxy.
✅These spiral arms contain a wealth of gas and dust and younger stars that shine brightly before their quick demise.
✅The majority of spiral galaxies rotate in the sense that the arms trail the direction of the spin.
✅The visible portion of spiral galaxies contains only a small fraction of the total mass of the galaxy, and that spiral galaxies are surrounded by an extensive halo consisting mostly of dark matter.
✅Spiral galaxies are thought to evolve into elliptical galaxies as the spirals get older.
#gs3
#prelims
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@upsc_science_and_technology
✅NASA Hubble Space Telescope recently shared a stunning video of a spiral galaxy known as Caldwell 45, or NGC 5248.
📍Spiral Galaxy:
✅Spiral galaxies are twisted collections of stars and gas that often have beautiful shapes and are made up of hot, young stars.
✅In a spiral galaxy, the stars, gas, and dust are gathered in spiral arms that spread outward from the galaxy's center.
✅Most of the galaxies that scientists have discovered so far are spiral galaxies, as opposed to the other two main categories of galaxy shapes—elliptical and irregular.
✅Approximately 60% of all galaxies are thought to be spiral galaxies.
✅The Milky Way, the galaxy that includes Earth and our solar system, is an example of a spiral galaxy.
📍Structure:
✅Most spiral galaxies contain a central bulge surrounded by a flat, rotating disk of stars.
✅The bulge in the center is made up of older, dimmer stars and is thought to contain a supermassive black hole.
✅Approximately two-thirds of spiral galaxies also contain a bar structure through their center, as does the Milky Way.
✅The disk of stars orbiting the bulge separates into arms that circle the galaxy.
✅These spiral arms contain a wealth of gas and dust and younger stars that shine brightly before their quick demise.
✅The majority of spiral galaxies rotate in the sense that the arms trail the direction of the spin.
✅The visible portion of spiral galaxies contains only a small fraction of the total mass of the galaxy, and that spiral galaxies are surrounded by an extensive halo consisting mostly of dark matter.
✅Spiral galaxies are thought to evolve into elliptical galaxies as the spirals get older.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
@upsc_science_and_technology
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF