🔆LI-FI

✅ Li-Fi, or light fidelity, is a Visible Light Communications (VLC) system.
✅ Unlike Wi-Fi, which uses radio waves, Li-Fi runs on visible light.
✅ It transmits data at terabits per second speeds — more than 100 times the speed of Wi-Fi.
✅ It accommodates a photo-detector to receive light signals and a signal processing element to convert the data into ‘stream-able’ content.

ADVANTAGES OF LIFI

✅ Li-Fi could make a huge impact on the internet of things, with data transferred at much higher levels with even more devices able to connect to one another.
✅ Due to its shorter range, Li-Fi is more secure than Wi-Fi.
✅ Li-Fi systems consume less power.

DISADVANTAGES OF LIFI

✅ Main challenge is to create a Li-Fi ecosystem, which will need conversion of existing smartphones into Li-Fi enabled ones by the use of a converter/adapter.
✅ Visual light can’t pass through opaque objects and needs line of sight for communication.
✅ Interference from external light sources, such as sunlight and bulbs.

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF LIFI

✅ Li-Fi can be used in street & traffic lights. Traffic lights can communicate to vehicles and with each other.
✅Through use of Li-Fi, traffic control can be made intelligent and real-time adaptable. Each traffic and street light post can be converted into access points to convert roadsides into wireless hotspots.
✅ Vehicles having LED-based headlights and tail lamps can communicate with each other and prevent accidents by exchanging information.
✅ Visible light being safer, they can also be used in places where radio waves can’t be used such as petrochemical and nuclear plants and hospitals.
✅ They can be used in aircraft, where most of control communication is performed through radio waves.
✅ Li-Fi can easily work underwater, where Wi-Fi fails completely, thereby throwing open endless opportunities
for military & navigational operations.
✅ Transmitting power wirelessly, wherein smartphones will not only receive data through Li-Fi, but will also receive power to charge itself.

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🔆Tri-boelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) Technology

✅The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore has designed special shoes for soldiers equipped with a Tri-boelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) Technology.
✅It is a self-powered, feasible solution to convert mechanical energy into electricity.
The electricity will get stored in a device fixed in the soles and can be used to operate small appliances
✅Features: It is equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies, these shoes can help determine the location of personnel in real-time.

📍Applications

✅The TENG technology can be used to track the location of senior citizens suffering from Alzheimer's, school children and climbers and can help monitor the attendance and work of workers in factories.
✅These shoes can also accurately analyse the movements of sportspersons to improve their performance.
✅For trekking and mountaineering enthusiasts, the shoes provide reliable tracking during expeditions with their self-powered GPS feature, ensuring safety and efficient navigation.

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🔆Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)

✅APEDA was established by the Government of India under the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Act of 1985.

✅It works under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

✅Objective: To develop and promote the export of scheduled products.

✅The products specified under the APEDA ACT are called scheduled products, and exporters of such scheduled products are required to register under APEDA.

✅It provides financial assistance, information, and guidelines for the development of scheduled products.

✅Headquarters: New Delhi

Functions:
✅Setting the standards and specifications for the scheduled products.

✅Registration of exporters of the scheduled products on payment of required fees.

✅Improving packaging and marketing of the Scheduled products.

✅Carrying out an inspection of products to ensure the quality of such products.

✅Training in various aspects of the industries connected with the scheduled products.

✅Development of industries relating to the scheduled products and undertaking surveys, feasibility studies, etc.

✅Collection of statistics from the owners of factories or establishments and publication of such statistics.

✅Examples of scheduled products: Fruits, Vegetable, Meat,Poultry, Dairy Products, Confectionery, Biscuits, Bakery Products, Honey, Jaggery, etc.

🔆Land Degradation

✅ About 29% or about 96.4 million hectares of land in India are considered degraded.
✅ Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India, ISRO: With close to 30% of its geographical area already affected, land degradation is a pressing issue.
✅ Global Land Outlook Report: Over 70% of the Earth's land area has been altered from its natural state due to human activities.

Desertification :

✅ According to the Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India (2021), there is a cumulative increase of 1.05 million ha area under desertification.
✅ Rajasthan, with the Thar Desert, is the most affected state, with approximately 61.2% of its area facing desertification; According to the Government’s data recently presented to the UNCCD, India lost 31%, or 5.65 million hectares (MHA), of grassland area in a decade.
✅ The extent of degraded land in India is over 105 million hectares or about 32% of India's area.
✅ More than 80% of the country’s degraded land lies in just nine states.

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Government Approach Towards Naxalism In The Country :

✅Operation Green Hunt and usage of Specialized Forces like Black Panther and Bastariya Battalions with local tribal personnel counter Naxalite tactics.
✅ Infrastructure Development: Improved road connectivity through RRP-I & II projects.
✅ LWE Mobile Tower Project: Enhanced mobile connectivity in affected areas.
✅ Skill Development Initiatives: ROSHNI and Skill India Mission programs provide training and jobs for youth.
✅ SAMADHAN Policy: A comprehensive strategy combining short and long-term solutions.
✅ Aspirational District Program: Focuses on development in 35 LWE-affected districts.
✅ Security Related Expenditure (SRE): Provides financial support to states for fighting LWE.
✅ Special Central Assistance (SCA): Funds critical public infrastructure and services in LWE areas.
✅ National Technical Research Organization provides unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for anti-Naxal operations and Improved Intelligence Gathering
✅ Forest Rights Act (FRA): Ensures benefits reach those covered under the Act, addressing land rights grievances

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