🔆Cabinet Committees
Eight Cabinet Committees
✅Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.
✅Cabinet Committee on Accommodation.
✅Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs.
✅Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs.
✅Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs.
✅Cabinet Committee on Security.
✅Cabinet Committee on Investment and Growth.
✅Cabinet Committee on Employment & Skill Development.
✅ All committees except Cabinet Committee on Accommodation and Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs are headed by the Prime Minister.
✅they are not mentioned in the Constitution
✅Rules of Business provide for their establishment.
▪️Role of Cabinet Committees:
✅lessen the enormous workload of the Cabinet.
✅They facilitate an in-depth examination of policy issues and effective coordination.
✅They are based on the principles of division of labor and effective delegation.
#pre_revision
#polity
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Eight Cabinet Committees
✅Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.
✅Cabinet Committee on Accommodation.
✅Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs.
✅Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs.
✅Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs.
✅Cabinet Committee on Security.
✅Cabinet Committee on Investment and Growth.
✅Cabinet Committee on Employment & Skill Development.
✅ All committees except Cabinet Committee on Accommodation and Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs are headed by the Prime Minister.
✅they are not mentioned in the Constitution
✅Rules of Business provide for their establishment.
▪️Role of Cabinet Committees:
✅lessen the enormous workload of the Cabinet.
✅They facilitate an in-depth examination of policy issues and effective coordination.
✅They are based on the principles of division of labor and effective delegation.
#pre_revision
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
8th Schedule
✅ The 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution consists of 22 languages.
✅ Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution.
✅ Sindhi language was added in 1967 while Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were included in 1992.
✅ Subsequently Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were added in 2004.
✅ English and Rajasthani are not among the 22 languages in the 8th Schedule.
✅ The 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution consists of 22 languages.
✅ Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution.
✅ Sindhi language was added in 1967 while Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were included in 1992.
✅ Subsequently Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were added in 2004.
✅ English and Rajasthani are not among the 22 languages in the 8th Schedule.
Tax Revenues Distribution
✅ Article 268: Centre levies, states collect (e.g., stamp duties)
✅ Article 269: Centre levies, states collect and retain (e.g., inter-state trade taxes)
✅ Article 269A: GST, distributed as per Parliament's recommendation
✅ Article 270: Centre levies, distributed between Centre and States
✅ Article 271: Surcharge proceeds go exclusively to the Centre.
✅ Article 268: Centre levies, states collect (e.g., stamp duties)
✅ Article 269: Centre levies, states collect and retain (e.g., inter-state trade taxes)
✅ Article 269A: GST, distributed as per Parliament's recommendation
✅ Article 270: Centre levies, distributed between Centre and States
✅ Article 271: Surcharge proceeds go exclusively to the Centre.
🔆PraVaHa Software
✅The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) recently developed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software named PraVaHa.
✅Parallel RANS Solver for Aerospace Vehicle Aero-thermo-dynamic Analysis (PraVaHa) is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software developed in ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC).
✅It can simulate external and internal flows on launch vehicles, winged and non-winged re-entry vehicles.
✅PraVaHa has been extensively used in the Gaganyaan program for aerodynamic analysis of human-rated launch vehicles, viz, HLVM3, Crew Escape System (CES), and Crew Module (CM).
✅The software is secure and flexible enough to support collaborative development with academic institutions and government labs.
✅Currently, the PraVaHa code is operational to simulate airflow for Perfect Gas and Real Gas conditions.
✅Validations of the code are underway for simulating the effects of chemical reactions that occur during air dissociation upon ‘earth re-entry’ and ‘combustion’ as in scramjet vehicles.
✅PraVaHa is expected to replace most of the CFD simulations for aero characterisation, which are currently being carried out using commercial software.
#science_and_technology
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
✅The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) recently developed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software named PraVaHa.
✅Parallel RANS Solver for Aerospace Vehicle Aero-thermo-dynamic Analysis (PraVaHa) is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software developed in ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC).
✅It can simulate external and internal flows on launch vehicles, winged and non-winged re-entry vehicles.
✅PraVaHa has been extensively used in the Gaganyaan program for aerodynamic analysis of human-rated launch vehicles, viz, HLVM3, Crew Escape System (CES), and Crew Module (CM).
✅The software is secure and flexible enough to support collaborative development with academic institutions and government labs.
✅Currently, the PraVaHa code is operational to simulate airflow for Perfect Gas and Real Gas conditions.
✅Validations of the code are underway for simulating the effects of chemical reactions that occur during air dissociation upon ‘earth re-entry’ and ‘combustion’ as in scramjet vehicles.
✅PraVaHa is expected to replace most of the CFD simulations for aero characterisation, which are currently being carried out using commercial software.
#science_and_technology
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
#Goodmorning
⏳7 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 103 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳350 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳439 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -14 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -113 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳7 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 103 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳350 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳439 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -14 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -113 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
🔆seamount
✅A seamount is an underwater mountain with steep sides rising from the seafloor.
✅When volcanoes form on the seafloor, they build up over time as they erupt volcanic lava that cools to become basalt.
✅If a volcano grows in height and volume enough to reach the ocean’s surface, it becomes a volcanic island.
Example: Islands of Hawaii
Guyot.
✅When a seamount breaches the sea surface, waves and other sub-aerial processes (wind, rainfall, weathering) will cause erosion of the volcano.
✅Over time, these processes will erode the flanks and top of the seamount/island, eventually forming a flat shelf to form a guyot.
▪️Significance of Seamounts
✅ The seamounts provide a hard substrate for marine organisms such as deep-sea corals and sponges to attach.
✅ It also provides vital habitat for marine invertebrates like brittle stars and squat lobsters to live on and act as nurseries for deep-sea fish.
✅ The seamounts also influence the flow of deeper waters, which results in the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters towards the sea surface.
✅A seamount is an underwater mountain with steep sides rising from the seafloor.
✅When volcanoes form on the seafloor, they build up over time as they erupt volcanic lava that cools to become basalt.
✅If a volcano grows in height and volume enough to reach the ocean’s surface, it becomes a volcanic island.
Example: Islands of Hawaii
Guyot.
✅When a seamount breaches the sea surface, waves and other sub-aerial processes (wind, rainfall, weathering) will cause erosion of the volcano.
✅Over time, these processes will erode the flanks and top of the seamount/island, eventually forming a flat shelf to form a guyot.
▪️Significance of Seamounts
✅ The seamounts provide a hard substrate for marine organisms such as deep-sea corals and sponges to attach.
✅ It also provides vital habitat for marine invertebrates like brittle stars and squat lobsters to live on and act as nurseries for deep-sea fish.
✅ The seamounts also influence the flow of deeper waters, which results in the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters towards the sea surface.
#Goodmorning
⏳6 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 102 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳349 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳438 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -13 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -112 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳6 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 102 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳349 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳438 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -13 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -112 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
🔆Greater One Horned Rhino:
✅One Horned Rhino also known as Indian Rhino is a rhinoceros species native to the Indian subcontinent.
✅The Habitat of this species is restricted to small habitats in Indo-Nepal terai and northern West Bengal and Assam.
✅IUCN Red List: Vulnerable
✅CITES: Appendix I
✅Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
✅New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019: Under the declaration, India will collaborate with Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, and Malaysia for conservation and protection of three Asian rhino species-
✅Greater one-horned rhinoceros,
✅Javan rhinoceros( listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List) and
✅Sumatran rhinoceros (listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List).
#prelims
#species
Join @Upsc_4_environment
✅One Horned Rhino also known as Indian Rhino is a rhinoceros species native to the Indian subcontinent.
✅The Habitat of this species is restricted to small habitats in Indo-Nepal terai and northern West Bengal and Assam.
✅IUCN Red List: Vulnerable
✅CITES: Appendix I
✅Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
✅New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019: Under the declaration, India will collaborate with Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, and Malaysia for conservation and protection of three Asian rhino species-
✅Greater one-horned rhinoceros,
✅Javan rhinoceros( listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List) and
✅Sumatran rhinoceros (listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List).
#prelims
#species
Join @Upsc_4_environment
#Goodmorning
⏳5 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 101 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳348 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳437 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -12 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -111 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳5 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 101 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳348 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳437 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ -12 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -111 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability