🔆India highlights Forest Conservation and Sustainable
Forest Management initiatives at the 19th Session of
the United Nations Forum on Forests

📍Highlights
✅Globally India rank third in the net gain in average forest area
✅International big cat alliance click here
✅50 years of project tiger click here
✅30 years of project elephant

📍What is the United Nations Forum on Forests?

✅The UNFF is an intergovernmental policy forum which promotes “management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests and to strengthen long-term political commitment to this end.

✅UNFF was established in 2000 by the UN Economic and Social Council. The Forum has universal membership, and is composed of all Member States of the United Nations.

#gs3
#prelims
#environment


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🔆Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative (AGNI)

✅Platform for Ayurveda Practitioners: AGNI provides a platform for Ayurveda practitioners to report innovative practices and experiences in various disease conditions.
✅Promoting Evidence-Based Practice: Aims to promote the culture of evidence-based practice among Ayurveda practitioners.
✅Database Creation: To document successful therapeutic regimens for various disease conditions, involving single drugs, formulations, and procedures.
✅Capacity Building: Training in research methods and good clinical practices for interested practitioners.
✅Research and Mainstreaming: Undertake research for mainstreaming pragmatic practices through scientific validation and evidence-based appraisal.

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Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)

✅ Some tribes are identified as PVTGs due to their higher vulnerability among tribal groups, previously classified as primitive tribal groups.

✅Total Groups: 76 tribal groups designated as Special Backward Tribes by the Government of India. Odisha highest number of PVTGs

Most Vulnerable Groups:

✅ Shompen
✅ Sentinelese
✅ Jarawas of Andaman and Nicobar
✅ Bonda of Odisha
✅ Chola Naikkan of Kerala
✅ Abuj Madia of Chhattisgarh
✅ Birhors of Jharkhand

✅PVTGs have some basic characteristics - they are mostly homogenous, with a small
population, relatively physically isolated, social institutes cast in a simple mould, absence of written language, relatively simple technology and a slower rate of change etc.

✅ The Government of India follows the following criteria for identification of PVTGs:
i. Pre-agricultural level of technology
ii. Low level of literacy
iii. Economic backwardness
iv. A declining or stagnant population

- Historical Context:
✅Dhebar Commission (1973) introduced the category of Primitive Tribe, renamed to PVTG in 2006.
✅Forest Rights Law grants habitat area rights to these tribes by the Central Government.
✅In 2003, a committee chaired by Professor Virginia Xaxa advocated for PVTG habitat rights, based on the recommendation of the Student Task Force.

S&T 5 Year PYQ Analysis

https://www.tg-me.com/testseries1/11226

🔆PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan) Scheme

✅It was launched in 2019 for de-dieselisation of the farm sector and enhancing the income of farmers. 
✅It is aimed at ensuring energy security for farmers in India, along with honouring India’s commitment to increase the share of installed capacity of electric power from non-fossil-fuel sources to 40% by 2030 as part of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs).
✅It aims to add Solar capacity of about 34,800 MW by March 2026 with the total Central Financial support of Rs 34,422 crore. 
✅Nodal Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). It is being implemented by the designated departments of the State Government.
✅Under the Scheme, a central government subsidy upto 30% or 50% of the total cost is given for the installation of standalone solar pumps and also for the solarization of existing grid-connected agricultural pumps.
✅Further, farmers can also install grid-connected solar power plants up to 2MW, under the Scheme on their barren/fallow land.

#Government_schemes

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🔆Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana

✅PMSSY was announced in 2003 with objectives of correcting regional imbalances in the availability of affordable/reliable tertiary healthcare services and also to augment facilities for quality medical education in the country.
✅Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

📍Two Components:
✅Setting up of AIIMS like institutions.
✅Upgradation of government medical colleges in various states.
✅The project cost for upgradation of each medical college institution is shared by the Centre and the state.

📍Other Initiatives Related to Healthcare Sector

✅Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Nidhi (PMSSN) : A single non-lapsable reserve fund for Health from the proceeds of Health and Education Cess.

✅PM Atmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Scheme: Announced in the Union Budget 2021-22.
✅Aims to develop capacities of primary, secondary, and tertiary care health systems even in the last miles of the nation, and developing a modern ecosystem for research, testing and treatment in the country itself.

✅Ayushman Bharat (a two-pronged approach): Creation of health and wellness centres to bring health care closer to homes

#Government_schemes

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HCS Mains result

Ganika, Rupajiva, Samrangniya during Mauryan period

Long term capital gains tax::

Profits from the sale of a long-term capital asset are exempt from tax if reinvested in specific long-term assets.

🔆 Paika Rebellion

✅ The Paikas of Odisha were the landed militia (‘foot soldiers’ literally) who were involved in performing policing functions for the Gajapati rulers.
✅ The kingdom of Khurda had granted them rent-free land for the military services that they offered to the kingdom.
✅ Paika Rebellion of 1817 is an armed revolt against the British by the Paikas of Khurda in Odisha.
✅ The rebellion took form and shape under the leadership of Baxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhara.
✅ Soon after taking over Odisha from the Marathas in 1803, the British started to introduce a system of administration that angered the King of Khurda, Mukunda Deva II.
✅ Many other activities of the British like the introduction of a new currency system, oppression of the Paikas in the hands of the officials of the company, ban on making salt from seawater gave rise to widespread dissatisfaction and hatred against the British.
✅ The king planned revolt against British in collaboration with the Paikas.
✅ The revolt enjoyed a great level of support from the Kings of Nayagarh, Kujang, Kanika, Village headmen,
peasants and zamindars.
✅ Initially, the Paikas seemed to have gotten hold of the battle and saw some victory, but was suppressed by the British in just three months.
✅ Some Paikas however, fought guerilla warfare against the British yet the revolt was completely suppressed by 1819.
✅ Therefore, it lasted for a year and a half before being ruthlessly suppressed by the British East India Company’s forces.
✅ The result of the Paika Rebellion was disheartening as the rebels involved were awarded sentences of death, long-term imprisonment.
✅ A commission was appointed by the British officials to enquire into the rebellion.
✅There were severe uprisings post this Paika rebellion initiated by people from Kandha & Koi region.
✅ The major issue that prevailed post the Paika rebellion was the revenue policy which didn’t undergo any change.

#quick_revision
#history


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