8th Schedule

✅ The 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution consists of 22 languages.
✅ Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution.
✅ Sindhi language was added in 1967 while Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were included in 1992.
✅ Subsequently Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were added in 2004.
✅ English and Rajasthani are not among the 22 languages in the 8th Schedule.

Tax Revenues Distribution

✅ Article 268: Centre levies, states collect (e.g., stamp duties)
✅ Article 269: Centre levies, states collect and retain (e.g., inter-state trade taxes)
✅ Article 269A: GST, distributed as per Parliament's recommendation
✅ Article 270: Centre levies, distributed between Centre and States
✅ Article 271: Surcharge proceeds go exclusively to the Centre.

IFoS Mains 2023 Marksheet Released:
https://upsconline.nic.in/marksheet/exam/marksheet_system/

Interview schedule for APFC.
3rd June - 14th June 2024

Buddhism split up into the Hinayana and Mahayana sects at the Buddhist council held during the reign of Kanishka in AD 72.

Hinayana (Theravadins) - Lesser vehicle, believe in original teachings of Buddha, not believe in idol worship, attend salvation through self discipline and meditation.
2 sects - Vaibhasika and Sautrantika.
Sub-schools - Staviravadins or Theravadins
and Sarvastivada.

Mahayana (Biddhisattas) - Greater vehicle, worship of images of Buddha and Bodhisattas.
Boddhisattas - deeply compassionate beings who accumulated merit through their efforts but used this not to attain nibbana and thereby abandon the world, but to help others.
Sub-schools - Yogachara, Madhyamaka
and Mahasanghika.

✅The Kabini River is an important tributary of the Cauvery.
✅It is a perennial river, 150 to 200 m. wide and has a course of about 240 kms.
✅It rises in the Western ghats in North Wayanad in Kerala State as two streams i.e. the Mannantoddypuzha and Panamarampuzha.

Kolleru is a freshwater lake located between the deltas of Krishna and Godavari rivers.
✅Kolleru serves as a natural food-balancing reservoir between the two rivers.
✅The lake is fed directly by the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru rivers and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari systems by 67 inflowing drains and channels.

✅Black carbon from sources such as diesel engines and coal-fired power plants

✅ Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC’s) from sources such as refrigerants and aerosol propellants

✅Tropospheric Ozone/ Ground-level ozone, an irritating gas that forms above the Earth’s surface.

Mango Shower: Towards the end of summer, there are pre-monsoon showers which are a common phenomenon in Kerala and coastal areas of Karnataka

Blossom Shower: With this shower, coffee flowers blossom in Kerala and nearby areas.