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๐Ÿ”†Hague Code of Conduct


โœ…The Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (HCOC), formerly known as International Code of Conduct, was established in 2002 as an arrangement to prevent the proliferation of ballistic missiles.
โœ…The HCOC does not ban ballistic missiles, but calls for restraint in their production, testing, and export.
โœ… It supplements the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) both concerning the spread of ballistic missiles, but its membership is not restricted.
โœ…India joined the HCOC in 2016. The two nuclear weapon neighbours Pakistan and China are not signatories to it.
โœ… The Regular Meetings of Subscribing States to the HCOC (annual conferences) are held annually in Vienna.
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#Goodmorning  

โณ35 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
โณ 131 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]

โณ467 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
โณ378 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
 
โณ -42 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
โณ -141 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)

#Target
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#Accountability
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Bail Provisions in India


โœ…The Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973 governs the terms of the โ€˜Bail in Indiaโ€™.
โœ…Though the Act does not define โ€˜bailโ€™, it expressly mentions phrases โ€˜bailable offenceโ€™ and โ€˜non-bailable offenceโ€™.Other Types of BailRegular Bail: A regular bail is basically the release of an accused from custody to ensure his presence at the trial.
โœ…Anticipatory Bail: It is a type of bail that is given to someone who is in anticipation of getting arrested for a non-bailable offence by the police.
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๐Ÿ”†UPANISHADS


โœ…Also known as the Vedanta (the end of Veda) forms the very foundation of Hinduism.
โœ… Religious and Philosophical treatise that speculate about the ontological connection between humanity and the cosmos.
โœ… Dated to roughly 800-500 BC, the Upanishads discuss concepts such as transmigration, nature and God.
โœ…They represent the โ€œKnowledge of Brahmanโ€ (Brahma-vidya) and are mostly related to Vedas.
โœ… The oldest Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka and Chandogya Upanishads โ€“ 1st millennium BC.
โœ…10 Principal Upanishads (Dashupanishads) : Esha, Mandukya, Kena, Taittiriya, Katha, Aitareya, Prashna, Chandogya, Mundaka, Brihadaranyaka
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๐Ÿ”† HINDU SCRIPTURES


โœ…There are broadly 2 categories of Hindu sacred texts โ€“ Shruti and Smriti.
โœ…Shruti (the revealed) โ€“ Sruti is direct experience. Great Rishis heard the eternal truths of religion and left a record of them for the benefit of posterity.
โœ…It constitutes the Vedas (Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva) and accompanying texts.
โœ… The Vedas are primary authority and foundational scriptures of the Hindus.
โœ…Smriti (the remembered) โ€“ Smriti is a recollection of that experience so it is secondary authority.
โœ… If there is anything in a Smriti which contradicts the Sruti, the Smriti is to be rejected.
โœ…It includes Brahmanas (ritual texts), Aranyakas (forest or wilderness texts), and Upanishads
(philosophical texts).
โœ…These include the great epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata, Dharmashastras, Puranas and all other post-Vedic scriptures.
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๐Ÿ‘8๐Ÿ‘Œ5โค2
#Goodmorning  

โณ34 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
โณ 130 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]

โณ466 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
โณ377 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
 
โณ -41 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
โณ -140 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)

#Target
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#Accountability
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๐Ÿ”†Memorial made of ashes collected from rhino horns were unveiled recently at the Kaziranga National Park in Assam.

โœ…The memorial having three rhino sculptures was named โ€œAbode of the Unicornsโ€.
โœ…It has one male rhino, a female rhino and a calf.
โœ…It also has three statutes of forest guards, created using different materials.
โœ…The rhino statues were created using ashes collected from around 2,500 rhino horns that burnt to flames by the Assam Government.
โœ…On the occasion of World Rhino Day (September 22) last year, rhino horns were burnt cinders remotely using drones at the Kaziranga National Park.
โœ…They were collected or seized over the past 40 years.
โœ…The statues were made using around 128 kg of ash obtained from these burnt horns.
โœ…They were created by sculptors Biju Das.
โœ…The statues of the forest guards were sculpted by Biren Singha.
โœ…Kaziranga National Park in Assam hosts the worldโ€™s largest population of one-horned rhinos.

#environment
#prelims

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โœ…West Nile fever is caused by the West Nile virus (a member of Flavivirus genus) with a single-stranded RNA.

โœ…Natural hosts: Birds serve as the primary hosts for West Nile virus.

โœ…First outbreak: This fever was initially discovered in a female, residence of the West Nile region of Uganda in 1937.

โœ…Transmission: This fever Spread through Culex mosquito bites.
โœ…It Can infect humans, birds, mosquitoes, horses, and certain other mammals
Currently, there have been no reported cases of human-to-human transmission.

โœ…Vaccine: There is currently no vaccine available for humans against the West Nile virus.
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๐Ÿ”†Baleen Whales (Mysticetes):


โœ…They are marine mammals and some of the largest creatures on the Earth. They are known for their haunting songs.
โœ…They include species such as the blue whale, humpback, right whales, bowhead whales, and others.

โœ…They are known for their unique feeding mechanism involving baleen plates, a large rack of fine, hair-like keratin used to filter out small krill from the water.
โœ…Different species of baleen whales differ in the shape of the baleen and the fineness of the fringe.
โœ…It reflects different feeding styles and food types:
๐Ÿ”ธShort baleen plates with a coarse fringe describes a fish-eating whale;
๐Ÿ”ธLong plates with a fine, silky fringe allow others to hunt smaller animals such as zooplankton.
โœ…Conservation Status:
๐Ÿ”ธRed List of Threatened Species of IUCN:
โœ…Critically Endangered: North Atlantic Right Whale
โœ…Endangered: Blue Whale; North Pacific Right Whale
โœ…Least Concern: Humpback Whale; Bowhead Whale
โœ…Threats to these majestic creatures include ship strikes, entanglement in fishing gear, habitat degradation, and noise pollution.


#species
#prelims

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๐Ÿ”†Most Indian cities are far from clean air target

โœ…Inter related Topics:
Air Pollution
๐Ÿ“National air quality index click here
๐Ÿ“WHO air quality standards click here
๐Ÿ“SAFAR System click here
๐Ÿ“India japan MOU signed click here
๐Ÿ“Effect of Climate change click here
๐Ÿ“Graded Response Action plan (GRAP) click here
๐Ÿ“OXY Van forest Haryana click here
๐Ÿ“Way forward click here

Other
โœ…Rankings of Indian cities
โœ…Environmental effect
โœ…Effect of Climate change on air quality
โœ…Effect of western disturbance on air quality

#gs3
#environment

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๐Ÿ”† CHATURMUKHA BRAHMESWARA TEMPLE

โœ…Dedicated to Lord Brahma and is located in Chebrolu, Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh.
โœ… The temple sits in the middle of a pond.
โœ…Chaturmukha Brahmeswara along with temples such as Bhimeswara, Adikesava and Nageswara in the town forms Trinity in Hinduism.
โœ…Trinity in Hinduism includes Lord Brahma along with Lord Vishnu and Lord Siva
.

#pre_revision
#art_and_culture

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Google Chrome has been hit with another zero-day vulnerability, which has set the alarm bells ringing among users and cyber experts.

๐—ญ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ผ-๐——๐—ฎ๐˜† ๐—ฉ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฏ๐—ถ๐—น๐—ถ๐˜๐˜†
โœ…It is a system or software vulnerability unknown to the vendor and for which no patch or means of mitigation are available at the time it is discovered.
โœ…Zero-day exploit refers to the method or technique hackers use to take advantage of a ZDV, often via malware, and execute the attack.
โœ…Thus, a zero-day attack occurs when threat actors develop and release malware that targets the ZDV.
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#Goodmorning  

โณ33 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
โณ 129 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]

โณ465 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
โณ376 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
 
โณ -40 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
โณ -139 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)

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๐Ÿ”†Palas Sculptures :

โœ… Great impetus was given to art under the reign of Pala rulers in Bihar and Bengal during the period 730 to 1110 A.D.
โœ… They were Buddhist by faith. โœ… They greatly encouraged centres of learning like Nalanda and Vikramshila, where the stupas and monasteries gave ample scope for the sculptorโ€™s expression of an art which found stimulus in religion.
โœ… During this period art reached technical perfection.
โœ… The Pala Style is marked by slim and graceful figures, elaborate jewellery and conventional decoration.
โœ… The Pala rulers had intimate relations with Java which are evident in Hindu-Javanese sculpture, and painting of Nepal, Kashmir, Burma and Thailand.
โœ… An excellent specimen from Mahanad in West Bengal is this lovely fi gure of the personifi ed river goddess Ganga.


#art_and_culture

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๐Ÿ”†Zonal Cultural Centres

โœ…The centres aim to strengthen the ancient roots of Indian Culture and evolve and enrich composite National Culture.
โœ…There are seven Zonal Cultural Centres (ZCC) in India:

๐Ÿ”ธEastern Zonal Cultural Centre Kolkata,
๐Ÿ”ธNorth Central Zone Cultural Centre Allahabad,
๐Ÿ”ธNorth east Zone Cultural centre Dimapur,
๐Ÿ”ธNorth Zone Cultural centre Patiala,
๐Ÿ”ธSouth Central Zone Cultural Centre Nagpur,
๐Ÿ”ธSouth Zone Cultural Centre Thanjavur,
๐Ÿ”ธWest Zone Cultural Centre Udaipur

โœ…These ZCCs organize various cultural activities and programmes all over the country on a regular basis.

โœ…Other schemes of ZCCs - Award to Young Talented Artists, Guru Shishya Parampara, Theatre Rejuvenation, Shilpgram, Octave and National Cultural Exchange Programme (NCEP).


#pre_revision
#art_and_culture

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๐Ÿ”†Local name of slash and burn cultivation


Jhum cultivation


โœ…Jhum Cultivation in India
Jhum cultivation is a traditional shifting cultivation technique.
โœ…Jhum cultivation in India is mainly practiced by indigenous communities in North East India. It includes areas near Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Mizoram.
โœ…The farmers practicing Jhum cultivation are known as Jhumias.
โœ…They cut down trees in January and then burn them while the saplings, bamboo, and wood are sun-dried and then burned in March or April, leaving the land clear and suitable for cultivation.
โœ…In addition, Bengalis in the Chittagong hill areas of Bangladesh practice this type of farming for many years in the month of Baishakh and Jyeshtha.
โœ…However, this practice of jhum cultivation cannot be practiced annually (due to drought and other natural reasons).

โ–ช๏ธDrawback :


โœ…Deforestation
โœ…Infertility of the soil
โœ…Flooding of rivers
โœ…Loss of flora and fauna
โœ…Soil Erosion

#agriculture

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๐Ÿ”†Important channels:


โœ…6 deg. channel: Separates Nicobar & Sumatra (Indonesia).

โœ…8 deg. channel: Separates Lakshadweep and Maldives.

โœ…9 deg. channel: Separates Minicoy & other Lakshadweep islands.

โœ…10 deg. channel: Separates Andaman & Nicobar.

โœ…11 deg. channel: In Lakshadweep, separated Amini & Cannanore.

โœ…Duncan Channel: Separates South Andaman & Little Andaman.

โœ…Coco Channel: Separates Andaman and Coco island (Myanmar).

#pre_revise

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๐Ÿ”†SPECIES IN NEWS


โœ… Ruddy Shelduk
โœ… Dancing Frog
โœ… Egyptian Vulture
โœ… Snow Crabs
โœ… Paintbrush Swift
โœ… Swamp Deer
โœ… Walking Leaves
โœ… Fanged Frog Species
โœ… Namdapha Flying Squirrel
โœ… Blue Dragon
โœ… Indian Tent Turtle
โœ… Smooth-Coated Otter
โœ… Finnโ€™s Weaver Bird
โœ… Saiga Antelope
โœ… Indian Mouse Deer
โœ… Green Turtle
โœ… Electric eel
โœ… Indian Bison
โœ… Salamander
โœ… Megamouth Shark
โœ… Double Humped Camels
โœ… De Wintonโ€™s Golden Mole
โœ… Gangetic Dolphin
โœ… Black Stork
โœ… Takahe Bird
โœ… Tharosaurusindicus
โœ… Stump-tailed Macaque
โœ… Indian Oil Sardine
โœ… Sambar deer
โœ… Chitala Fish
โœ… Batillipes Kalami
โœ… Mithun
โœ… Indian skimmers
โœ… Himalayan Vulture (NT)
โœ… Western Tragopan (VUL)
โœ… Yellow-bellied Sea snake
(LC)
โœ… Clouded Leopard (VUL)
โœ… Vaquita Porpoise (CR)
โœ… Monitor Lizards (LC)
โœ… Indian Flying Fox Bat (LC)
โœ… Palm cockatoo (LC)
โœ… American Bald Eagle
โœ… Sea Lion
โœ… Octopus
โœ… Picocystis Salinarum
โœ… Paintbrush Swift Butterfly
โœ… Attenborough Echidna
โœ… Alcalus Fontinalis
โœ… Milkweed butterflies
โœ… Scalloped Hammerhead
Shark
โœ… Painted Stork
โœ… Comb Jellies
โœ… Moroccan Locust
โœ… Hyena
โœ… White-Rumped Vulture
โœ… Black Buck
โœ… Himalayan Brown Bear
โœ… Awaous Motla
โœ… Pancorius Sebastiani
โœ… Pliosaur
โœ… Horaglanis Populi
โœ… Pygmy hog
โœ… Sea Butterflies
โœ… Gekko Mizoramensis


#environment
#species
#pre_revision

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๐Ÿ”†International organisations and their headquarters

โœ…United Nations Development Program (UNDP) : Newyork
โœ…United Nations environment programme (UNEP) : Nairobi
โœ…World food programme : Rome
โœ…International fund for agriculture development : Rome
โœ…International labour organization : Geneva
โœ…Universal Postal Union : Bern
โœ…World health organization : Geneva
โœ…UN Women : Newyork
โœ…Asian Development Bank : Manila
โœ…Bank of international settlement : Basel
โœ…International civil aviation organization : Montreal
โœ…International peace bureau : Geneva
โœ…Organization of the petroleum exporting countries : Vienna
โœ…United nation food and agricultural organization : Rome
โœ…Worl Wide for Nature : Gland
โœ…United Nations office of drugs and crime : Vienna

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2025/07/12 06:35:22
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