🔆 Centre Withdraws Approval for Animal Protein-Based Biostimulants
📍 Context:
✅ The Central Government has withdrawn approval for animal protein-based biostimulants citing religious and dietary sensitivities.
📍 About Biostimulants
✅ Definition: Substances or microorganisms that enhance plant growth by improving nutrient uptake, efficiency, and resilience to abiotic stresses (like drought, salinity, or heat).
✅ Examples: Humic acids, seaweed extracts, liquid manure compost, beneficial bacteria & fungi.
✅ Category: Officially distinct from fertilisers and insecticides, as they promote growth through biological stimulation rather than direct nutrient supply.
#Geography #cse #mains
📍 Context:
✅ The Central Government has withdrawn approval for animal protein-based biostimulants citing religious and dietary sensitivities.
📍 About Biostimulants
✅ Definition: Substances or microorganisms that enhance plant growth by improving nutrient uptake, efficiency, and resilience to abiotic stresses (like drought, salinity, or heat).
✅ Examples: Humic acids, seaweed extracts, liquid manure compost, beneficial bacteria & fungi.
✅ Category: Officially distinct from fertilisers and insecticides, as they promote growth through biological stimulation rather than direct nutrient supply.
#Geography #cse #mains
🔆 Chola Art & Architecture
📍 Temple Architecture (Dravidian Style)
✅ Brihadeshvara Temple, Thanjavur – Built by Rajaraja I.
✅ Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple – Built by Rajendra I to celebrate northern victories.
✅ Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram – Built by Rajaraja II, famous for intricate sculptures.
📍 Bronze Sculptures
✅ Chola bronze (lost-wax) sculptures are masterpieces.
✅ Most iconic: Nataraja – Shiva in cosmic dance, symbolizing creation & destruction.
📍 Literature
✅ Thevaram – Shaivite devotional hymns by Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar.
✅ Periyapuranam – Biography of 63 Nayanmars, compiled by Sekkizhar (12th century).
✅ Kamban’s Ramavataram (Kamba Ramayanam) – Tamil translation of Ramayana.
#prelims
#art_and_culture
@studytoday1
@upsc_art_and_culture
📍 Temple Architecture (Dravidian Style)
✅ Brihadeshvara Temple, Thanjavur – Built by Rajaraja I.
✅ Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple – Built by Rajendra I to celebrate northern victories.
✅ Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram – Built by Rajaraja II, famous for intricate sculptures.
📍 Bronze Sculptures
✅ Chola bronze (lost-wax) sculptures are masterpieces.
✅ Most iconic: Nataraja – Shiva in cosmic dance, symbolizing creation & destruction.
📍 Literature
✅ Thevaram – Shaivite devotional hymns by Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar.
✅ Periyapuranam – Biography of 63 Nayanmars, compiled by Sekkizhar (12th century).
✅ Kamban’s Ramavataram (Kamba Ramayanam) – Tamil translation of Ramayana.
#prelims
#art_and_culture
@studytoday1
@upsc_art_and_culture
👏2
#Goodmorning
⏳21 days left IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳212 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳301 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳16 days left Mpsc 9 Nov
⏳44 days left PPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳38 days left JKPSC prelims/CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳107 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳268 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳21 days left IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳212 days left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳301 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳16 days left Mpsc 9 Nov
⏳44 days left PPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳38 days left JKPSC prelims/CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳107 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳268 days left CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
❤4
🔆 Trade & Commerce in the Chola Empire
📍 Infrastructure & Industry
✅ Peruvazhis – Major trunk roads facilitated trade.
✅ Silk-weaving in Kanchipuram – Guild-based industry with residential colonies for weavers.
📍 Merchant & Artisan Guilds
✅ Ayyavole 500 (Ainutruvar) & Manigramam – Powerful regional & international trade guilds.
✅ Idangai Guilds – Artisan & merchant groups for large-scale production.
✅ Nagaram – Local guilds in commercial hubs like Kanchipuram & Mamallapuram.
📍 Trading Communities
✅ Gavundas – Landowning traders.
✅ Anjuvannam – Maritime traders (Jews, Christians, Muslims).
✅ Valanjiyar – Long-distance overseas traders.
📍 Foreign Trade
✅ Strong ties with China, Sumatra, Java, Arabia.
✅ Imported Arabian horses to strengthen cavalry.
#history
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_history
📍 Infrastructure & Industry
✅ Peruvazhis – Major trunk roads facilitated trade.
✅ Silk-weaving in Kanchipuram – Guild-based industry with residential colonies for weavers.
📍 Merchant & Artisan Guilds
✅ Ayyavole 500 (Ainutruvar) & Manigramam – Powerful regional & international trade guilds.
✅ Idangai Guilds – Artisan & merchant groups for large-scale production.
✅ Nagaram – Local guilds in commercial hubs like Kanchipuram & Mamallapuram.
📍 Trading Communities
✅ Gavundas – Landowning traders.
✅ Anjuvannam – Maritime traders (Jews, Christians, Muslims).
✅ Valanjiyar – Long-distance overseas traders.
📍 Foreign Trade
✅ Strong ties with China, Sumatra, Java, Arabia.
✅ Imported Arabian horses to strengthen cavalry.
#history
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_history
❤3
Forwarded from UPSC EPFO Anmol vachan
EPFO Final Push – 35 Days Left
450+ aspirants have already joined and practicing daily!
Join now and give your EPFO prep the consistency it needs —
because practice is the key for any exam.
MCQ Channel – ₹199
Live Bot Quiz – ₹199
Combo Offer – ₹249 Only
Make your next 35 days count.
Sample CLICK HERE
📞 @Queen_of_hell28
@muskann_1506
450+ aspirants have already joined and practicing daily!
Join now and give your EPFO prep the consistency it needs —
because practice is the key for any exam.
MCQ Channel – ₹199
• 500+ MCQs with explanations (target 2000+ before exam)
Live Bot Quiz – ₹199
• 40+ daily quizzes at 9 PM with ranking
Combo Offer – ₹249 Only
• Access both Channel + Bot QuizEnroll now — admissions closing soon.
• Complete, structured preparation till exam
Make your next 35 days count.
Sample CLICK HERE
📞 @Queen_of_hell28
@muskann_1506