🔆 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) :
✅ Attacks the immune system in the human body
✅ Destroys a Specific Type of WBC (White Blood Cells) & The T-helper cells / CD4 cells .
✅ This virus also replicates & multiplies itself inside these cells.
✅ It primarily targets and damages CD4 immune cells, which are essential for the body's ability to fight infections and diseases
✅ Late Stage - The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome stage (AIDS) [Severe Condition : Failure of the infected person’s immune system]
✅ Transmission - Through The Exchange of Bodily Fluids such as Blood, Breast Milk, Vaginal Fluid, Semen or Pre-Ejaculate
✅ Cure - Antiretroviral Therapy [allowing the number of CD4 immune cells to bounce back] , Bone Marrow Transplant [Replaces one’s bone marrow with healthy cells]
✅ Attacks the immune system in the human body
✅ Destroys a Specific Type of WBC (White Blood Cells) & The T-helper cells / CD4 cells .
✅ This virus also replicates & multiplies itself inside these cells.
✅ It primarily targets and damages CD4 immune cells, which are essential for the body's ability to fight infections and diseases
✅ Late Stage - The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome stage (AIDS) [Severe Condition : Failure of the infected person’s immune system]
✅ Transmission - Through The Exchange of Bodily Fluids such as Blood, Breast Milk, Vaginal Fluid, Semen or Pre-Ejaculate
✅ Cure - Antiretroviral Therapy [allowing the number of CD4 immune cells to bounce back] , Bone Marrow Transplant [Replaces one’s bone marrow with healthy cells]
#Goodmorning
⏳47 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳229 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳318 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 19 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 75 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
⏳ 12 days Gpsc mains ( 20 Oct )
⏳ 13 days TGPSC/MPPSC mains (21 Oct)
⏳ 33 days Jkpsc prelims
⏳ 39 days UKPSC mains ( 16 nov)
⏳ 82 days Kas ( karnataka) 29 dec
⏳ 117 days RAS prelims (2 feb )
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳47 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳229 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳318 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 19 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 75 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
⏳ 12 days Gpsc mains ( 20 Oct )
⏳ 13 days TGPSC/MPPSC mains (21 Oct)
⏳ 33 days Jkpsc prelims
⏳ 39 days UKPSC mains ( 16 nov)
⏳ 82 days Kas ( karnataka) 29 dec
⏳ 117 days RAS prelims (2 feb )
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Nobel Prize in Physiology (2024)
Nobel laureate (Indians)
• Literature (1913) - Ravindra Nath Tagore
• Physics (1930) - CV Raman
• Medicine (1968) - Hargovind Khurana
• Peace (1979) - Mother Teresa
• Physics (1983) - Subramanian Chandrasekhar
• Economics (1998) - Amartya Sen
• Chemistry (2009) - Venkataraman Radhakrishnan
• Peace (2014) - Kailash Satyarthi
• Economics (2019) - Abhijeet Banerjee
Nobel laureate (Indians)
• Literature (1913) - Ravindra Nath Tagore
• Physics (1930) - CV Raman
• Medicine (1968) - Hargovind Khurana
• Peace (1979) - Mother Teresa
• Physics (1983) - Subramanian Chandrasekhar
• Economics (1998) - Amartya Sen
• Chemistry (2009) - Venkataraman Radhakrishnan
• Peace (2014) - Kailash Satyarthi
• Economics (2019) - Abhijeet Banerjee
🔆 Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) :
✅ Statutory body
✅ Established - September 2008 ,Under The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSS Act).
✅ Operates - Under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
✅ Headquarters - New Delhi
✅ Six regional offices - Delhi, Guwahati, Mumbai, Kolkata, Cochin, and Chennai.
✅ Structure - Chairperson and twenty two members out of which 1/3rd are to be women
✅ The FSSAI is responsible for the Food Certification in India.
✅ Functions -
◽️Creating Guidelines and Standards
◽️Awarding License
◽️Conducting Audits
◽️Literacy about food safety
◽️Retain Records and Information
◽️Keeping the Government Informed
✅ Statutory body
✅ Established - September 2008 ,Under The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSS Act).
✅ Operates - Under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
✅ Headquarters - New Delhi
✅ Six regional offices - Delhi, Guwahati, Mumbai, Kolkata, Cochin, and Chennai.
✅ Structure - Chairperson and twenty two members out of which 1/3rd are to be women
✅ The FSSAI is responsible for the Food Certification in India.
✅ Functions -
◽️Creating Guidelines and Standards
◽️Awarding License
◽️Conducting Audits
◽️Literacy about food safety
◽️Retain Records and Information
◽️Keeping the Government Informed
#Goodmorning
⏳46 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳228 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳317 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 18 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 74 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
⏳ 11 days Gpsc mains ( 20 Oct )
⏳ 12 days TGPSC/MPPSC mains (21 Oct)
⏳ 32 days Jkpsc prelims
⏳ 38 days UKPSC mains ( 16 nov)
⏳ 81 days Kas ( karnataka) 29 dec
⏳ 116 days RAS prelims (2 feb )
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳46 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳228 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳317 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 18 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 74 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
⏳ 11 days Gpsc mains ( 20 Oct )
⏳ 12 days TGPSC/MPPSC mains (21 Oct)
⏳ 32 days Jkpsc prelims
⏳ 38 days UKPSC mains ( 16 nov)
⏳ 81 days Kas ( karnataka) 29 dec
⏳ 116 days RAS prelims (2 feb )
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
🔆New GI Tagged Products:
✅Unique varieties of rice beer
‘Bodo Jou Gwran’: It has the highest percentage of alcohol (about 16.11%) when compared with other varieties of rice beer made by the Bodo community.
✅‘Maibra Jou Bidwi’: It is known locally as ‘Maibra Jwu Bidwi’ or ‘Maibra Zwu Bidwi’, is revered and served as a welcome drink by most Bodo tribes. It’s prepared by fermenting half-cooked rice (mairong) with less water and adding a little ‘amao’ (a potential source of yeast) to it.
✅‘Bodo Jou Gishi’: It is also a traditionally fermented rice-based alcoholic beverage.
✅Traditional Food Products
Bodo Napham’: It is an important and favourite dish of fermented fish prepared anaerobically in a tightly sealed container in a process that requires about two-three months.
✅Bodo Ondla’: A rice powder curry flavoured with garlic, ginger, salt, and alkali.
✅Bodo Gwkha’: It is locally also known as ‘Gwka Gwkhi’, it’s prepared during the Bwisagu festival.
✅‘Bodo Narzi’: It is a semi-fermented food prepared with jute leaves (Corchorus capsularis), a rich source of Omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins and essential minerals, including calcium and magnesium.
✅Bodo Aronai’: It is a small, beautiful cloth (1.5-2.5 meters long and 0.5 meter wide)
#gs1
#art_and_culture
@upsc_art_and_culture
✅Unique varieties of rice beer
‘Bodo Jou Gwran’: It has the highest percentage of alcohol (about 16.11%) when compared with other varieties of rice beer made by the Bodo community.
✅‘Maibra Jou Bidwi’: It is known locally as ‘Maibra Jwu Bidwi’ or ‘Maibra Zwu Bidwi’, is revered and served as a welcome drink by most Bodo tribes. It’s prepared by fermenting half-cooked rice (mairong) with less water and adding a little ‘amao’ (a potential source of yeast) to it.
✅‘Bodo Jou Gishi’: It is also a traditionally fermented rice-based alcoholic beverage.
✅Traditional Food Products
Bodo Napham’: It is an important and favourite dish of fermented fish prepared anaerobically in a tightly sealed container in a process that requires about two-three months.
✅Bodo Ondla’: A rice powder curry flavoured with garlic, ginger, salt, and alkali.
✅Bodo Gwkha’: It is locally also known as ‘Gwka Gwkhi’, it’s prepared during the Bwisagu festival.
✅‘Bodo Narzi’: It is a semi-fermented food prepared with jute leaves (Corchorus capsularis), a rich source of Omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins and essential minerals, including calcium and magnesium.
✅Bodo Aronai’: It is a small, beautiful cloth (1.5-2.5 meters long and 0.5 meter wide)
#gs1
#art_and_culture
@upsc_art_and_culture
PIB2063311.pdf
94.4 KB
Gross enrolments under Atal Pension Yojana (APY) cross 7️⃣ crore mark, with over with over 56 lakh enrolments in current Financial Year 2024-25
APY aims to create a universal social security system for all Indians, especially the poor, the underprivileged and the workers in the unorganised sector.
Join @CSE_EXAM
@PIB_UPSC
APY aims to create a universal social security system for all Indians, especially the poor, the underprivileged and the workers in the unorganised sector.
Join @CSE_EXAM
@PIB_UPSC
PIB2063310.pdf
119.9 KB
🔆Article 12:
✅ It defines the term ‘state’ for the purposes of Part III.
✅ Article 12 and applicability on United Nation (UN): The Delhi High Court has ruled earlier that the UN is not a State under Article 12 and hence cannot be brought under the jurisdiction.
✅ Article 12 and PM CARES fund: The Centre recently informed the Delhi High Court in a plea seeking to declare the fund a ‘state’ under Article 12 that:
🔸 PM CARES Fund is set up as a public charitable trust and is not created under the Constitution or any law made by the Parliament or the state.
📍Judiciary under Article 12 :
✅ Judicial & Non-Judicial Function: When the Judiciary is discharging Judicial functions, it is not regarded as a State whereas the non-judicial function brings it under the definition of ‘State’.
Related cases:
✅ Naresh Shridhar Mirajkar case (1966): Judiciary should be put under the ambit of Article 12, otherwise the courts would be allowed to make rules which violate the fundamental rights of the citizens.
✅ Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra case (2002): Superior courts of justice do not fall within the ambit of ‘state’ or ‘other authorities’ under Article 12.
✅ Riju Prasad Sarmah Case (2015): The court again held that when a court is acting in its judicial capacity, it cannot be regarded as a State. However, its administrative action is amenable to the writ jurisdiction.
#polity
#mains
#prelims
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
✅ It defines the term ‘state’ for the purposes of Part III.
✅ Article 12 and applicability on United Nation (UN): The Delhi High Court has ruled earlier that the UN is not a State under Article 12 and hence cannot be brought under the jurisdiction.
✅ Article 12 and PM CARES fund: The Centre recently informed the Delhi High Court in a plea seeking to declare the fund a ‘state’ under Article 12 that:
🔸 PM CARES Fund is set up as a public charitable trust and is not created under the Constitution or any law made by the Parliament or the state.
📍Judiciary under Article 12 :
✅ Judicial & Non-Judicial Function: When the Judiciary is discharging Judicial functions, it is not regarded as a State whereas the non-judicial function brings it under the definition of ‘State’.
Related cases:
✅ Naresh Shridhar Mirajkar case (1966): Judiciary should be put under the ambit of Article 12, otherwise the courts would be allowed to make rules which violate the fundamental rights of the citizens.
✅ Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra case (2002): Superior courts of justice do not fall within the ambit of ‘state’ or ‘other authorities’ under Article 12.
✅ Riju Prasad Sarmah Case (2015): The court again held that when a court is acting in its judicial capacity, it cannot be regarded as a State. However, its administrative action is amenable to the writ jurisdiction.
#polity
#mains
#prelims
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
#Goodmorning
⏳45 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳227 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳316 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 17 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 73 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
⏳ 10 days Gpsc mains ( 20 Oct )
⏳ 11 days TGPSC/MPPSC mains (21 Oct)
⏳ 31 days Jkpsc prelims
⏳ 37 days UKPSC mains ( 16 nov)
⏳ 80 days Kas ( karnataka) 29 dec
⏳ 115 days RAS prelims (2 feb )
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
⏳45 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳227 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳316 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 17 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 73 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
⏳ 10 days Gpsc mains ( 20 Oct )
⏳ 11 days TGPSC/MPPSC mains (21 Oct)
⏳ 31 days Jkpsc prelims
⏳ 37 days UKPSC mains ( 16 nov)
⏳ 80 days Kas ( karnataka) 29 dec
⏳ 115 days RAS prelims (2 feb )
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Cabinet approves development of National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC), Lothal, Gujarat
✅The project will be completed in two phases
✅Around 22,000 jobs are expected be created in development of NMHC project, with 15,000 direct employment and 7,000 indirect employment
✅The project will be completed in two phases
✅Around 22,000 jobs are expected be created in development of NMHC project, with 15,000 direct employment and 7,000 indirect employment
🔆Consumer goods - two types
(1) Consumer durables : uses in long terms eg .more than 3 years ( also known as FMCG -fast moving consumer goods)
(2) Consumer non durables : goods which are used in daily life
✅Other types of goods -
based on ownership :
(1)public goods : no element of competition /rivalry and fear of boycott/ goods that are present for everybody ex -parks ,roads
(2)Private goods : elements of rivalry and boycott, sense of authority
(3)Club goods : element of authority or privilege and boycott also but there are no rivalry among the authorities ( known as 'future goods ') eg real state
✅based on usage
(1) Middle goods : goods that are used in process of production eg machines
(2) Final goods : goods that are in usage or that goods in which there are no scope of other value addition,2 types -
🔸capital goods : goods that increases source of income
🔸Consumer goods
✅ based on demand :
(1) gifin goods
(2)weblan goods
(3) Pinguin goods
#economy
#prelims_facts
Join @CSE_EXAM
(1) Consumer durables : uses in long terms eg .more than 3 years ( also known as FMCG -fast moving consumer goods)
(2) Consumer non durables : goods which are used in daily life
✅Other types of goods -
based on ownership :
(1)public goods : no element of competition /rivalry and fear of boycott/ goods that are present for everybody ex -parks ,roads
(2)Private goods : elements of rivalry and boycott, sense of authority
(3)Club goods : element of authority or privilege and boycott also but there are no rivalry among the authorities ( known as 'future goods ') eg real state
✅based on usage
(1) Middle goods : goods that are used in process of production eg machines
(2) Final goods : goods that are in usage or that goods in which there are no scope of other value addition,2 types -
🔸capital goods : goods that increases source of income
🔸Consumer goods
✅ based on demand :
(1) gifin goods
(2)weblan goods
(3) Pinguin goods
#economy
#prelims_facts
Join @CSE_EXAM
Cabinet approves continuation of supply of free Fortified Rice under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKAY) and other welfare schemes from July, 2024 to December, 2028