π Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) :
β Origin - Shanghai Five (1996) : China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
β 2001 : Adding Uzbekistan as a sixth member , The Shanghai Five was renamed the SCO.
β 2015 : The SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members.
β 2016 : India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations in Tashkent (Uzbekistan), thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members.
β 2017: India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members
β 2021: It was announced that Iran would become a full member of the SCO.
β Headquarter - Beijing, China
πΈ Members - China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran, and Uzbekistan
πΈObservers - Afghanistan, Belarus, and Mongolia
πΈDialogue Partners - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Egypt, Nepal, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia
β Structure :
πΈ The Council of Heads of State
πΈ The Council of Heads of Government
πΈ The Council of Foreign Ministers
πΈ The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure
β Significance - Addresses security issues in Asia with primarily Asian members.
β 23rd Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit : Hosted By India
β SCO Summit 2024(24th) - Astana, Kazakhstan
πΈBelarus has become the 10th member state of the SCO
#prelims_facts
Join @CSE_EXAM
β Origin - Shanghai Five (1996) : China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
β 2001 : Adding Uzbekistan as a sixth member , The Shanghai Five was renamed the SCO.
β 2015 : The SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members.
β 2016 : India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations in Tashkent (Uzbekistan), thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members.
β 2017: India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members
β 2021: It was announced that Iran would become a full member of the SCO.
β Headquarter - Beijing, China
πΈ Members - China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran, and Uzbekistan
πΈObservers - Afghanistan, Belarus, and Mongolia
πΈDialogue Partners - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Egypt, Nepal, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia
β Structure :
πΈ The Council of Heads of State
πΈ The Council of Heads of Government
πΈ The Council of Foreign Ministers
πΈ The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure
β Significance - Addresses security issues in Asia with primarily Asian members.
β 23rd Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit : Hosted By India
β SCO Summit 2024(24th) - Astana, Kazakhstan
πΈBelarus has become the 10th member state of the SCO
#prelims_facts
Join @CSE_EXAM
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2) Unlimited Evaluation
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4) Prelims Test Series
5) CSAT Foundation + Test Series
6) Mains Diamonds
7) All Existing Programs by ConvertIAS
π€ All ConvertIAS Courses in One Membership at most Affordable Price!
ππ» For more information: ConvertIAS.com/pro-plans
(Limited Seats)
βοΈ For Any Query: www.tg-me.com/ConvertIAS or 9108075088
π Toppers Testimonials : HERE
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π The United Nation Security Council (UNSC) :
β Established - by the UN Charter in 1945
β It is one of the five principle organizations of the United Nations (UN).
β Takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to peace or act of aggression.
β Headquarters - New York
β Members - It has 15 Members, and each Member has one vote
πΈ 5 permanent members known as P5, including the United Kingdom, China, France, Russia, and the United States.
πΈ The P5βs privileged status has its roots in the United Nationsβ founding in the aftermath of World War II.
πΈThey have veto power over decisions of UNSC.
β 10 non-permanent members : Each year the 193-member General Assembly elects five non-permanent members for a two-year term at the UNSC.
β Recently, Pakistan, Somalia, Denmark, Greece, and Panama have been chosen as non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (UNSC), serving a 2-year term from 1st January 2025 to 31st December 2026.
β Established - by the UN Charter in 1945
β It is one of the five principle organizations of the United Nations (UN).
β Takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to peace or act of aggression.
β Headquarters - New York
β Members - It has 15 Members, and each Member has one vote
πΈ 5 permanent members known as P5, including the United Kingdom, China, France, Russia, and the United States.
πΈ The P5βs privileged status has its roots in the United Nationsβ founding in the aftermath of World War II.
πΈThey have veto power over decisions of UNSC.
β 10 non-permanent members : Each year the 193-member General Assembly elects five non-permanent members for a two-year term at the UNSC.
β Recently, Pakistan, Somalia, Denmark, Greece, and Panama have been chosen as non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (UNSC), serving a 2-year term from 1st January 2025 to 31st December 2026.
#Goodmorning
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β³56 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
β³238 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
β³327 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
β³ 28 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
β³ 84 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
β³49 days 70th BPSC prelims ( 17 Nov )
β³ 21 days Gpsc mains ( 20 Oct )
β³ 22 days TGPSC/MPPSC mains (21 Oct)
β³ 48 days UKPSC mains ( 16 nov)
β³ 126 days RAS prelims (2 feb )
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Join @anmolvachan1
Forwarded from Upsc Science and technology
πWhat is a Spiral Galaxy?
β NASA Hubble Space Telescope recently shared a stunning video of a spiral galaxy known as Caldwell 45, or NGC 5248.
πSpiral Galaxy:
β Spiral galaxies are twisted collections of stars and gas that often have beautiful shapes and are made up of hot, young stars.
β In a spiral galaxy, the stars, gas, and dust are gathered in spiral arms that spread outward from the galaxy's center.
β Most of the galaxies that scientists have discovered so far are spiral galaxies, as opposed to the other two main categories of galaxy shapesβelliptical and irregular.
β Approximately 60% of all galaxies are thought to be spiral galaxies.
β The Milky Way, the galaxy that includes Earth and our solar system, is an example of a spiral galaxy.
πStructure:
β Most spiral galaxies contain a central bulge surrounded by a flat, rotating disk of stars.
β The bulge in the center is made up of older, dimmer stars and is thought to contain a supermassive black hole.
β Approximately two-thirds of spiral galaxies also contain a bar structure through their center, as does the Milky Way.
β The disk of stars orbiting the bulge separates into arms that circle the galaxy.
β These spiral arms contain a wealth of gas and dust and younger stars that shine brightly before their quick demise.
β The majority of spiral galaxies rotate in the sense that the arms trail the direction of the spin.
β The visible portion of spiral galaxies contains only a small fraction of the total mass of the galaxy, and that spiral galaxies are surrounded by an extensive halo consisting mostly of dark matter.
β Spiral galaxies are thought to evolve into elliptical galaxies as the spirals get older.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
@upsc_science_and_technology
β NASA Hubble Space Telescope recently shared a stunning video of a spiral galaxy known as Caldwell 45, or NGC 5248.
πSpiral Galaxy:
β Spiral galaxies are twisted collections of stars and gas that often have beautiful shapes and are made up of hot, young stars.
β In a spiral galaxy, the stars, gas, and dust are gathered in spiral arms that spread outward from the galaxy's center.
β Most of the galaxies that scientists have discovered so far are spiral galaxies, as opposed to the other two main categories of galaxy shapesβelliptical and irregular.
β Approximately 60% of all galaxies are thought to be spiral galaxies.
β The Milky Way, the galaxy that includes Earth and our solar system, is an example of a spiral galaxy.
πStructure:
β Most spiral galaxies contain a central bulge surrounded by a flat, rotating disk of stars.
β The bulge in the center is made up of older, dimmer stars and is thought to contain a supermassive black hole.
β Approximately two-thirds of spiral galaxies also contain a bar structure through their center, as does the Milky Way.
β The disk of stars orbiting the bulge separates into arms that circle the galaxy.
β These spiral arms contain a wealth of gas and dust and younger stars that shine brightly before their quick demise.
β The majority of spiral galaxies rotate in the sense that the arms trail the direction of the spin.
β The visible portion of spiral galaxies contains only a small fraction of the total mass of the galaxy, and that spiral galaxies are surrounded by an extensive halo consisting mostly of dark matter.
β Spiral galaxies are thought to evolve into elliptical galaxies as the spirals get older.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
@upsc_science_and_technology
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
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3.8 MB
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
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1.2 MB