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🔆 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) :
✅ Origin - Shanghai Five (1996) : China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
✅ 2001 : Adding Uzbekistan as a sixth member , The Shanghai Five was renamed the SCO.
✅ 2015 : The SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members.
✅ 2016 : India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations in Tashkent (Uzbekistan), thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members.
✅ 2017: India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members
✅ 2021: It was announced that Iran would become a full member of the SCO.
✅ Headquarter - Beijing, China
🔸 Members - China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran, and Uzbekistan
🔸Observers - Afghanistan, Belarus, and Mongolia
🔸Dialogue Partners - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Egypt, Nepal, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia
✅ Structure :
🔸 The Council of Heads of State
🔸 The Council of Heads of Government
🔸 The Council of Foreign Ministers
🔸 The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure
✅ Significance - Addresses security issues in Asia with primarily Asian members.
✅ 23rd Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit : Hosted By India
✅ SCO Summit 2024(24th) - Astana, Kazakhstan
🔸Belarus has become the 10th member state of the SCO
#prelims_facts
Join @CSE_EXAM
✅ Origin - Shanghai Five (1996) : China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
✅ 2001 : Adding Uzbekistan as a sixth member , The Shanghai Five was renamed the SCO.
✅ 2015 : The SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members.
✅ 2016 : India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations in Tashkent (Uzbekistan), thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members.
✅ 2017: India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members
✅ 2021: It was announced that Iran would become a full member of the SCO.
✅ Headquarter - Beijing, China
🔸 Members - China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran, and Uzbekistan
🔸Observers - Afghanistan, Belarus, and Mongolia
🔸Dialogue Partners - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Egypt, Nepal, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia
✅ Structure :
🔸 The Council of Heads of State
🔸 The Council of Heads of Government
🔸 The Council of Foreign Ministers
🔸 The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure
✅ Significance - Addresses security issues in Asia with primarily Asian members.
✅ 23rd Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit : Hosted By India
✅ SCO Summit 2024(24th) - Astana, Kazakhstan
🔸Belarus has become the 10th member state of the SCO
#prelims_facts
Join @CSE_EXAM
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🔆 The United Nation Security Council (UNSC) :
✅ Established - by the UN Charter in 1945
✅ It is one of the five principle organizations of the United Nations (UN).
✅ Takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to peace or act of aggression.
✅ Headquarters - New York
✅ Members - It has 15 Members, and each Member has one vote
🔸 5 permanent members known as P5, including the United Kingdom, China, France, Russia, and the United States.
🔸 The P5’s privileged status has its roots in the United Nations’ founding in the aftermath of World War II.
🔸They have veto power over decisions of UNSC.
✅ 10 non-permanent members : Each year the 193-member General Assembly elects five non-permanent members for a two-year term at the UNSC.
✅ Recently, Pakistan, Somalia, Denmark, Greece, and Panama have been chosen as non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (UNSC), serving a 2-year term from 1st January 2025 to 31st December 2026.
✅ Established - by the UN Charter in 1945
✅ It is one of the five principle organizations of the United Nations (UN).
✅ Takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to peace or act of aggression.
✅ Headquarters - New York
✅ Members - It has 15 Members, and each Member has one vote
🔸 5 permanent members known as P5, including the United Kingdom, China, France, Russia, and the United States.
🔸 The P5’s privileged status has its roots in the United Nations’ founding in the aftermath of World War II.
🔸They have veto power over decisions of UNSC.
✅ 10 non-permanent members : Each year the 193-member General Assembly elects five non-permanent members for a two-year term at the UNSC.
✅ Recently, Pakistan, Somalia, Denmark, Greece, and Panama have been chosen as non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (UNSC), serving a 2-year term from 1st January 2025 to 31st December 2026.
#Goodmorning
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⏳56 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳238 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳327 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 28 days UPPSC/OPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 84 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
⏳49 days 70th BPSC prelims ( 17 Nov )
⏳ 21 days Gpsc mains ( 20 Oct )
⏳ 22 days TGPSC/MPPSC mains (21 Oct)
⏳ 48 days UKPSC mains ( 16 nov)
⏳ 126 days RAS prelims (2 feb )
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
Join @anmolvachan1
Forwarded from Upsc Science and technology
🔆What is a Spiral Galaxy?
✅NASA Hubble Space Telescope recently shared a stunning video of a spiral galaxy known as Caldwell 45, or NGC 5248.
📍Spiral Galaxy:
✅Spiral galaxies are twisted collections of stars and gas that often have beautiful shapes and are made up of hot, young stars.
✅In a spiral galaxy, the stars, gas, and dust are gathered in spiral arms that spread outward from the galaxy's center.
✅Most of the galaxies that scientists have discovered so far are spiral galaxies, as opposed to the other two main categories of galaxy shapes—elliptical and irregular.
✅Approximately 60% of all galaxies are thought to be spiral galaxies.
✅The Milky Way, the galaxy that includes Earth and our solar system, is an example of a spiral galaxy.
📍Structure:
✅Most spiral galaxies contain a central bulge surrounded by a flat, rotating disk of stars.
✅The bulge in the center is made up of older, dimmer stars and is thought to contain a supermassive black hole.
✅Approximately two-thirds of spiral galaxies also contain a bar structure through their center, as does the Milky Way.
✅The disk of stars orbiting the bulge separates into arms that circle the galaxy.
✅These spiral arms contain a wealth of gas and dust and younger stars that shine brightly before their quick demise.
✅The majority of spiral galaxies rotate in the sense that the arms trail the direction of the spin.
✅The visible portion of spiral galaxies contains only a small fraction of the total mass of the galaxy, and that spiral galaxies are surrounded by an extensive halo consisting mostly of dark matter.
✅Spiral galaxies are thought to evolve into elliptical galaxies as the spirals get older.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
@upsc_science_and_technology
✅NASA Hubble Space Telescope recently shared a stunning video of a spiral galaxy known as Caldwell 45, or NGC 5248.
📍Spiral Galaxy:
✅Spiral galaxies are twisted collections of stars and gas that often have beautiful shapes and are made up of hot, young stars.
✅In a spiral galaxy, the stars, gas, and dust are gathered in spiral arms that spread outward from the galaxy's center.
✅Most of the galaxies that scientists have discovered so far are spiral galaxies, as opposed to the other two main categories of galaxy shapes—elliptical and irregular.
✅Approximately 60% of all galaxies are thought to be spiral galaxies.
✅The Milky Way, the galaxy that includes Earth and our solar system, is an example of a spiral galaxy.
📍Structure:
✅Most spiral galaxies contain a central bulge surrounded by a flat, rotating disk of stars.
✅The bulge in the center is made up of older, dimmer stars and is thought to contain a supermassive black hole.
✅Approximately two-thirds of spiral galaxies also contain a bar structure through their center, as does the Milky Way.
✅The disk of stars orbiting the bulge separates into arms that circle the galaxy.
✅These spiral arms contain a wealth of gas and dust and younger stars that shine brightly before their quick demise.
✅The majority of spiral galaxies rotate in the sense that the arms trail the direction of the spin.
✅The visible portion of spiral galaxies contains only a small fraction of the total mass of the galaxy, and that spiral galaxies are surrounded by an extensive halo consisting mostly of dark matter.
✅Spiral galaxies are thought to evolve into elliptical galaxies as the spirals get older.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
@upsc_science_and_technology
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
Chemistry P1.pdf
3.8 MB
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
Geography .pdf
1.2 MB