Explaination # 1 👆D) Remember that in viewing axial or transverse CT scans through the body, the right side of the patient is to your left and the left side to your right. In other words, the feet of the patient are toward you and the head away from you. The back of the patient is at the bottom of the image and the front of the patient toward the top. Directional terms are always in reference to the patient. The insert at the bottom right indicates the level of the section. Arrow 1 indicates the right brachiocephalic vein. The left brachiocephalic vein (choice B) is seen as the elongated structure immediately posterior to the manubrium of the sternum and to the left of the right brachiocephalic vein. Immediately posterior to the left brachiocephalic vein is the brachiocephalic artery (choice A, arrow 2). To the left of the latter are the left common carotid artery (choice C) and the left subclavian artery (arrow 3). The superior vena cava (choice E) is not seen at this level because the right and left brachiocephalic veins are still separate.

Explaination 👆. (B) Arrow 2 points to the gallbladder, which will be removed during the cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder). Biliary colic may be due to impaction of a gallstone in the cystic duct, resulting in cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder). Arrow 1 (choice A) points to the liver. Arrow 3 (choice C) points to the transverse colon. Arrow 4 (choice D) points to the spleen and arrow 5 (choice E) indicates the stomach, recognizable by its internal rugae.

Explaination B) 👆The metanephric diverticulum or ureteric bud gives rise to the ureter, renal pelvis, calices, and collecting tubules. The metanephric mass of intermediate mesoderm (choice C) gives rise to the nephrons in the kidney. The mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts (choices Aand D) play essential roles in the development of the male and female reproductive system, respectively. The pronephric duct (choice E) is derived from the transitory, nonfunctional first set of kidneys or pronephroi and does not contribute to the development of the ureter.

Explaination
#1 in above question represent azygous venous arch🙈
It is unpaired, peirches diaphragm via aortic opening

Explanation (C) Benedikt’s syndrome results from a lesion situated in the tegmentum of the midbrain, at the level of the third cranial nerve (oculomotor) nucleus and its associated tracts, as exemplified by ptosis and third nerve palsy in this patient. The red nucleus is also affected at this level giving rise to motor impairment displayed by the intention tremor. Since the rubrospinal tract crosses at the level of the midbrain to project to the opposite side of the body, the tremor will manifest itself contralateral to the side to the lesion. The seventh cranial nerve (facial) nucleus is located in the pons, and the facial musculature (choice A) in this patient would not be affected. Likewise, the twelfth cranial nerve (hypoglossal) nucleus is located in the medulla, and the innervation of the tongue (choice B) would be spared in this patient. A lesion causing a pure Benedikt’s syndrome would be confined to the midbrain tegmentum and not affect the corticospinal tract. Ipsilateral hemiplegia (choice D) would not be present in this patient. Finally, vertical gaze palsy (choice E) results from a lesion or compression of the midbrain tectum and not of the tegmentum.

C) A vascular lesion affecting the left caudal medulla involves the left medial lemniscus, left hypoglossal nerve fibers, and the left medulary
pyramid. Involvement of the left medial lemniscus produces somatosensory deficits involving the right side of the body. Damage to the left hypoglossal nerve would result in deviation of the protruded tongue to the left (and other lower motoneuron signs), and damage to the left pyramid results in right hemiplegia (choices A and B involve incorrect combinations) along with other upper motoneuron signs. Choices D and E are incorrect because they fail to combine involvement of the tongue and contralateral hemiplegia.

Q#6 During development, the notochord grows in a cranial direction until it reaches the prechordal plate. This plate is the primordium of the oropharyngeal (or buccopharyngeal) membrane, which, in the embryo, will separate the stomodeum from the foregut. At 26 days of gestation, the oropharyngeal membrane will break down, allowing communication of the foregut with the oral cavity.

#newpattern
#aiimspg
#neetpg

B) The palatoglossus muscle, which can be observed in the oral cavity to form the palatoglossal arch anterior to the palatine tonsil, lies in the same location as the embryonic oropharyngeal membrane. It lies at the junction line between the stomodeum and the foregut. The buccinator (choice A) is a muscle of the cheek and thus is located in the original stomodeum. The palatopharyngeus (choice C) is located posterior to the palatoglossus and palatine tonsil, forming the palatopharyngeal arch. The palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus (choice D), and superior constrictor (choice E) muscles are all pharyngeal muscles and thus are located in the original foregut.

B) The musculocutaneous nerve provides motor innervation for the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis muscle. Its terminal branch is the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. Lesion of the musculocutaneous nerve results in weak flexion of the elbow since the biceps brachii and the brachialis will be paralyzed and this motion will only be performed by the brachioradialis muscle, which is innervated by the radial nerve. Weak supination is caused by the loss of innervation to the biceps brachii, a strong supinator of the forearm. This movement will now be performed only by the small supinator muscle. Anesthesia of the lateral surface of the forearm is due to loss of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous. Loss of the median nerve (choice A) and ulnar nerve (choice E) will result in loss of motor innervation to the flexors of the wrist and fingers. Lesion of the posterior interosseous nerve (choice C) will paralyze extensors of the wrist and fingers, whereas lesion of the radial nerve (choice D) will paralyze the extensor of the elbow as well as those of the wrist and fingers.

Q1) A 50-year-old female has undergone mastectomy for Ca Breast. After mastectomy, patient is not able to extend, adduct and internally rotate the arm. Nerve supply to which of the following muscles is damaged?