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Radiology
Q11) Which of the following is not true regarding ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)?
The section of the spinal column called the thoracic spine begins below the cervical spine (C7, neck), roughly at shoulder level and continues downward until it reaches the first level of the low back (L1, lumbar spine). Twelve vertebrae, numbered T1 through T12 from top to bottom, make up the thoracic spine. When viewed from the side, a normal forward curvature called kyphosis (or kyphotic curve) is seen.

posterior view thoracic spine and ribs superimposed on a man's back
Its attachment to the rib cage affords the thoracic region of the spinal column greater stability and strength.

Because the ribs attach to the thoracic spine’s vertebrae, this section of the spine is strong and stabilizing, with less range-of-motion than the cervical (neck) levels. While the thoracic spine is less prone to injury than other sections of the vertebral column, it is the most common location for vertebral fracture due to osteoporosis. Scoliosis and abnormal kyphosis are other thoracic spinal disorder
Q12) A small simple lytic lesion in X-ray of
upper end of humerus. The diagnosis
is ?
1) High resolution CT of the lung is a
specialized CT technique for greater
detail of lung parenchyma and it utilizes:
Anonymous Quiz
26%
a. Special lung filters
17%
b. Thick collimation
45%
c. Bone algorithm for image recon- struction
12%
d. Large filed of view
Radiology
1) High resolution CT of the lung is a
specialized CT technique for greater
detail of lung parenchyma and it utilizes:
The high-spatial-frequency (bone) reconstruction algorithm has been shown to be superior to the standard algorithm in the assessment of thin-section images of the lung parenchyma. ... Lung parenchymal detail was improved with the bone algorithm in 94% of scans ( less than . 001).
ZVian Tuition

1. McFarlane Classification
Adenocortical Carcinoma.
Stage I- Tumour <5cm.
Stage II- Tumour >5cm
Stage III- Locally invasive
Stage IV- Distant Metastasis.

2. De Winter T wave- Upsloping ST depression and peaked T waves in precordial leads.

3. Wellen Syndrome- deeply inverted or biphasic T waves in leads V2-V3, that is highly specific for critical, proximal stenosis of the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) coronary artery.

4. Aicardi Syndrome
a.Agenesis or dysgenesis of the corpus callosum.
b. Chorioretinal abnormality.
c. Seizures (Infantile spasm).

5. Brugada Syndrome/Sudden unexplained Nocturnal Death Syndrome/Bangungut/ Pokkuri death syndrome- SCN5A Gene.
Coved ST segment elevation >2mm in >1 of V1-V3 followed by a negative T wave.

6. Rett Syndrome - MECP2 gene

7. Endometriosis- Transforming growth factor β1 gene-509C/T

8. Haglund Syndrome
Triad-
a. Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy.
b. Retrocalcaneal bursitis
c. Posterosuperior Calcaneal Exostosis

9. In Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis(PKDL), we have HYPO pigmented patches not hyper as name might suggest.
Rx- Miltefosine

10. Lollipop Sign
a. Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma (HEHE).
b. Castleman's Disease.
It represents hepatic/portal vein and/or their tributaries/branches tapering and terminating at or just within the edge of a well defined peripherally enhancing (or non-enhancing) lesion with an avascular core on CT or MRI images.

11. Pickwickian Syndrome
Presence of awake alveolar hypoventilation characterized by daytime hypercapnia.

12. Time of Intervention
a. Testicular Torsion- 4 hour
b. Congenital Umbilical
Hernia- 2 years.
c. Undescended Testis- 6month
d. Hydrocele - 2 years
e. Cleft Lip Repair- 6months
f. Hard Palate- 15 to 18 months
g. Priapism - 6 hours
h. Orchidopexy - 6 months

13. Ileostomy done to preserve the segment for later anastomosis. Ileo-cecal spinchter is removed in ileostomy and preserved in Colostomy.

14. Hemorrhoids
Mx
a.Closed Hemorrhoidectomy.
Ferguson
b.Open Hemorrhoidectomy.
Milligan- Morgan
c.Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy
d.Rubber band Ligation.
e. Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy

15. Sipuleucal-T
Vaccine T-cell Lymphocytes against Prostate cancer. Only vaccine that is given in case of cancer as treatment not prevention.

16. Toluidine Test
Positive- Basophils

17. Ringer Lactate differs from Plasma in the concentration of Magnesium

18.Phosphorylated state /low insulin activates-
a.Gluconeogenesis
b.Glycogenolysis
c.Ketone bodies utilisation
d. Hormone- sensitive Lipase(HSL)

19. Westermark Sign
Oligaemia (clarified area) distal to a large vessel that is occluded by a pulmonary embolus. The focal area of increased translucency due to oligaemia is caused by impaired vascularisation of the lung due to primary mechanical obstruction or reflex vasoconstriction.

20. Palla Sign
Right descending pulmonary artery enlargement on chest x-ray, with the characteristic 'sausage-shaped' appearance as a potential sign of Pulmonary Embolism.

21. Ventricular Function
IOC- ECHO
Gold Standard- Cardiac MRI/MUGA

22. Gepirone- Anxiolytic

23. Galcanezumab- Migraine.

24. Gartner Cyst
Mx- Simple Excision

25. Bartholin Cyst
Mx- Marsupialization.

26. Sweat Chloride Test
a.Sweating is induced by Pilocarpine iontophoresis.
b.At the test site, an electrode is placed over gauze containing pilocarpine and electrolyte solution that will not interfere with the sodium and chloride measurement.
c.A second electrode (without pilocarpine) will be placed at another site and a mild electric current will draw the pilocarpine into the skin where it stimulates the sweat glands.

27. Vitamin used in Chediak Higashi Syndrome- Vitamin C.

28. Ataxia due to- Vitamin E, B12 Deficiency.

29.HLA marker of Haemochromatosis - HLA A3.

30. Decrease in SBP with DASH diet- 8 to 10mmHg

31. Doughnut Sign
a. Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
b. Giant Cell Tumor
c. Chondrosarcoma
d. Telangiectatic osteosarcoma
32. Tear Drop in USG
In congenital period, Septum pellucidum forms a cave around it and it has CSF, called Cavum septum pellucidum..
This becomes important in an antenatal USG because if there is absence of cavum septum pellucidum, we need to think of 3 things-
a) Septo-optic dysplasia.
b) Holoprosencepaly.
c) Corpus Callosal Agenesis.

33. FLAIR- Pathological.
Fluid Black.
Ventricles Black.
CSF suppressed.
Skull appreciated.
Edema stands well demarcated.

34. Lipodermatosclerosis- C4b

35. Sagging Rope Sign
Thin sclerotic line that crosses the femoral neck and resembles a hanging or sagging rope that is suspended on both ends. This sign is seen in late stage of Perthes disease on plain radiographs of the hip or pelvis.

36. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Rx- Tetrabenazine.

37.Gerstmann–Sträussler–
Scheinker syndrome
a. Transmissible spongiform Encephalopathy(Prion)
b.P102L mutation

38. Vanishing Bone Disease- Gorham-Stout Disease

39. Vanishing Lung Disease-
Giant Emphysematous bullae.

40.ADAM Metallopeptidase With Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif
a. ADAMTS9- Nephronophthisis
b. ADAMTS10- Weill–Marchesani syndrome (WMS)
c. ADAMTS12-Chromosome 5P13 Duplication
d.ADAMTS13- Congenital TTP (Upshaw-Shulman syndrome)

41. Papillary variant with 100% mortality - Columnar.

42. Bornholm Disease - Coxsackie B virus

43. Mollaret Meningitis - HSV

44.Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis- Coxsackie A24,
Diarrheagenic A40, A41.

45.Babes Nodules - Rabies

46. Taffazin Mutation- Barth's Syndrome

47. Kiloh-Nevin syndrome/ Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome (AINS)
Entrapment syndrome of a branch of the Median nerve. Clinically, the patient fails to make an 'OK sign'.

48. CATALASE Positive
a.Candida
b.Aspergillus
c.Staphylococcus aureus
d.Enterobacteriaceae
e.Pseudomonas

49. Hopkins-Cole Reaction/Glyoxylic acid reaction
Chemical test used for detecting the presence of Tryptophan in proteins.
A protein solution is mixed with Hopkins Cole reagent, which consists of glyoxylic acid. Concentrated sulfuric acid is slowly added to form two layers. A Purple ring appears between the two layers if the test is positive for Tryptophan.

50. Sakaguchi Test
Chemical test used for detecting the presence of Arginine in proteins. The Sakaguchi reagent used in the test consists of 1-Naphthol and a drop of sodium hypobromite. The guanidine group in arginine reacts with the Sakaguchi reagent to form a red-coloured complex.

51.Pauly Reaction
Chemical test used for detecting the presence of Tyrosine or Histidine in proteins. When proteins containing either tyrosine or histidine are reacted with diazotized sulfanilic acid under alkaline conditions, a red color is formed by a coupling reaction.

52. Garrod's Tetrad
a. Albinism
b. Alkaptonuria
c. Cystinuria
d. Pentosuria.
2) 67. The EEG cabins should be completely
shielded by continuous sheet of
wire mesh of copper to avoid the
noise from external electromagnetic
disturbances. Such a shielding is
called as:
Radiology
2)
Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure used to block electromagnetic fields. A Faraday shield may be formed by a continuous covering of conductive material, or in the case of a Faraday cage, by a mesh of such materials. Faraday cages are named after scientist Michael Faraday, who invented them in 1836.
Learn Hummingbird sign in Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) by #visual_mnemonics.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
👨‍⚕ Explanation

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by supranuclear vertical gaze palsy, postural instability and falls, parkinsonian features, speech disturbance, and cognitive impairment. The hummingbird sign in brain MRI is an interesting radiological sign in the patients with PSP. It is due to atrophy of the midbrain and relative lengthening of the interpeduncular fossa and preserved pons.


#radiology
@Radiology_videos
3) A 8-year-old child was injected
contrast in hand for CECT chest.
Immediately he developed swelling
in the arm which gradually increased. After 4 hours, there was numbness and pain, and he was not allowing the doctor to flex the hand. Pulse is present. What should be done?
Radiology
#doctorusmle
A fasciotomy is an emergency procedure used to treat acute compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome is when the pressure builds up in a non-compliant osseofascial compartment and causes ischemia leading to muscle and nerve
4) A 73-year-old man with a history
of hypertension complains of a
transient 10-min episode of left-
sided weakness and slurred speech. On further questioning, he relates three brief episodes in the last month of sudden impairment of vision affecting the right eye. His examination now is normal. Which of the following would be the most appropriate next diagnostic test?
Radiology
#doctorusmle
A carotid Doppler is an imaging test that uses ultrasound to examine the carotid arteries located in the neck. This test can show narrowing or possible blockages due to plaque buildup in the arteries due to coronary artery disease
Forwarded from Radiology
5) Insult during neuronal migration results in delayed neuronal migration and organization, which results in certain disorders. The least likely
possibility is:
2025/07/04 22:43:06
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