CRS OBJECTIVES ANSWERS
1. D. be diligent at work.
2. C. took raw meat before the fat was burnt.
3. B. Fruitfulness
4. B. The bystanders identified him as a disciple.
5. C. seventy-seven times seven.
6. B. preach about Jesus and salvation to the Jews.
7. The outcome of Peter's vision in Joppa led to Peter understanding that the Gospel was for all people, not just Jews.
8. B. wealth and fame.
9. B. progress requires peace and unity.
10. C. that what He has purposed would come to pass.
11. B. consult God on Mount Sinai.
12. C. every tree and plant with seed in its fruit.
13. The temptation of Jesus focused on aspects of social life except A. jealousy.
14. A. being a hearer of the word and not a doer.
15. B. obtaining divine forgiveness.
16. D. casting nets.
17. B. be able to overcome temptations.
18. D. spiritual laxity.
19. A. One must accept one's fault when prompted.
20. B. order cessation of the construction of the temple.
21. B. enjoyed eternally.
22. C. the word of God had not yet been revealed to him.
23. A. an attempt to get him killed.
24. A. To teach the Israelites lessons on faithfulness.
25. C. The Israelites were made between the host of Egypt and God commanded him to use his rod over the Red Sea.
26. C. Joseph.
27. D. partiality.
28. A. Destroyed the golden calves and Asherahs.
29. C. Worshipping in oneness of spirit and lifting others.
30. C. love and loyalty.
31. A. He rent his clothes.
32. B. Witness of Jesus from birth to crucifixion.
33. D. is faulty and needed amendment.
34. A. the Amalekites' oppression of the Israelites on their way from Egypt.
35. B. idolatry.
36. B. support one another.
37. B. Fasted and prayed for days.
38. B. There was a great persecution against the church in Jerusalem.
39. D. Need for the apostles to concentrate on the preaching of the gospel.
40. A. lamentation.
41. B. apostasy.
42. D. The gentiles also received the word of God.
43. B. the son of God.
44. D. desire for true repentance.
45. B. giving priority to God in all things.
46. B. may honor and glorify God.
47. A. did not use his power according to divine laws.
1. D. be diligent at work.
2. C. took raw meat before the fat was burnt.
3. B. Fruitfulness
4. B. The bystanders identified him as a disciple.
5. C. seventy-seven times seven.
6. B. preach about Jesus and salvation to the Jews.
7. The outcome of Peter's vision in Joppa led to Peter understanding that the Gospel was for all people, not just Jews.
8. B. wealth and fame.
9. B. progress requires peace and unity.
10. C. that what He has purposed would come to pass.
11. B. consult God on Mount Sinai.
12. C. every tree and plant with seed in its fruit.
13. The temptation of Jesus focused on aspects of social life except A. jealousy.
14. A. being a hearer of the word and not a doer.
15. B. obtaining divine forgiveness.
16. D. casting nets.
17. B. be able to overcome temptations.
18. D. spiritual laxity.
19. A. One must accept one's fault when prompted.
20. B. order cessation of the construction of the temple.
21. B. enjoyed eternally.
22. C. the word of God had not yet been revealed to him.
23. A. an attempt to get him killed.
24. A. To teach the Israelites lessons on faithfulness.
25. C. The Israelites were made between the host of Egypt and God commanded him to use his rod over the Red Sea.
26. C. Joseph.
27. D. partiality.
28. A. Destroyed the golden calves and Asherahs.
29. C. Worshipping in oneness of spirit and lifting others.
30. C. love and loyalty.
31. A. He rent his clothes.
32. B. Witness of Jesus from birth to crucifixion.
33. D. is faulty and needed amendment.
34. A. the Amalekites' oppression of the Israelites on their way from Egypt.
35. B. idolatry.
36. B. support one another.
37. B. Fasted and prayed for days.
38. B. There was a great persecution against the church in Jerusalem.
39. D. Need for the apostles to concentrate on the preaching of the gospel.
40. A. lamentation.
41. B. apostasy.
42. D. The gentiles also received the word of God.
43. B. the son of God.
44. D. desire for true repentance.
45. B. giving priority to God in all things.
46. B. may honor and glorify God.
47. A. did not use his power according to divine laws.
1a. Polymerization is the process of combining small molecules called monomers to form a larger, more complex structure called a polymer.
1b. Three characteristics of an equilibrium reaction are:
1. It occurs in a closed system.
2. The reaction proceeds in both forward and reverse directions.
3. The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time.
1b. Three characteristics of an equilibrium reaction are:
1. It occurs in a closed system.
2. The reaction proceeds in both forward and reverse directions.
3. The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time.
4a i. Bond energy, also known as bond dissociation energy, is the amount of energy required to break a chemical bond in a molecule, separating it into its individual atoms. It is typically measured in units of kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or electronvolts (eV).
ii, Two uses of bond energy values are:
Predicting Chemical Reactions: Bond energy values can be used to predict whether a chemical reaction is likely to be exothermic (releasing energy) or endothermic (absorbing energy). If the energy required to break bonds in reactants is greater than the energy released when new bonds form in products, the reaction is endothermic, and vice versa.
Designing and Understanding Molecules: Chemists use bond energy values to design and understand molecules. By knowing the strength of chemical bonds, they can design molecules with specific properties or study the stability of existing molecules. For example, in drug design, knowledge of bond energies helps in designing molecules that will interact favorably with biological target
ii, Two uses of bond energy values are:
Predicting Chemical Reactions: Bond energy values can be used to predict whether a chemical reaction is likely to be exothermic (releasing energy) or endothermic (absorbing energy). If the energy required to break bonds in reactants is greater than the energy released when new bonds form in products, the reaction is endothermic, and vice versa.
Designing and Understanding Molecules: Chemists use bond energy values to design and understand molecules. By knowing the strength of chemical bonds, they can design molecules with specific properties or study the stability of existing molecules. For example, in drug design, knowledge of bond energies helps in designing molecules that will interact favorably with biological target
3b. The production of aluminum may be considered environmentally friendly because it can be recycled and has a low carbon footprint. On the other hand, the electrolysis of sodium chloride is not environmentally friendly due to the generation of chlorine gas and the energy-intensive process.
Two major factors that would favor the siting of an aluminum smelter in a country are the availability of affordable energy and access to raw materials like bauxite.
Two major factors that would favor the siting of an aluminum smelter in a country are the availability of affordable energy and access to raw materials like bauxite.
4c. When a sample is analyzed using a mass spectrometer, the following steps typically occur:
Ionization: The sample is first ionized, meaning that atoms or molecules in the sample are converted into ions by either electron impact, laser ablation, or other ionization methods. This process results in the creation of positively or negatively charged species.
Mass Separation: The generated ions are then accelerated and passed through a mass analyzer, which separates them based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). This step involves the application of electric and magnetic fields, causing the ions to follow curved paths depending on their mass and charge.
Detection: As ions of different masses reach the detector, they generate electrical signals proportional to their abundance. The detector records these signals, creating a mass spectrum. The mass spectrum displays the relative abundance of ions at different m/z values.
Data Analysis: The resulting mass spectrum is analyzed to determine the mass-to-charge ratios of the ions present, as well as their relative abundances. This information can be used to identify the chemical composition of the sample, including the identification of specific molecules or elements.
Ionization: The sample is first ionized, meaning that atoms or molecules in the sample are converted into ions by either electron impact, laser ablation, or other ionization methods. This process results in the creation of positively or negatively charged species.
Mass Separation: The generated ions are then accelerated and passed through a mass analyzer, which separates them based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). This step involves the application of electric and magnetic fields, causing the ions to follow curved paths depending on their mass and charge.
Detection: As ions of different masses reach the detector, they generate electrical signals proportional to their abundance. The detector records these signals, creating a mass spectrum. The mass spectrum displays the relative abundance of ions at different m/z values.
Data Analysis: The resulting mass spectrum is analyzed to determine the mass-to-charge ratios of the ions present, as well as their relative abundances. This information can be used to identify the chemical composition of the sample, including the identification of specific molecules or elements.
5c i. Extraction of Gold from Ore:
Gold is typically extracted from its ore through a process called cyanidation. Here's a brief overview of how this extraction process works:
Crushing and Grinding: The gold ore is first crushed and ground into fine particles to increase the surface area for the subsequent chemical reactions.
Leaching: The crushed ore is then mixed with a dilute solution of sodium cyanide (or potassium cyanide), which forms a complex with gold ions (Au^+). This process is known as leaching.
Adsorption: The gold-cyanide complex is adsorbed onto activated carbon particles in a process called carbon-in-pulp or carbon-in-leach. This step separates the gold from other impurities.
Recovery: The gold-loaded carbon is then heated, typically in a furnace, to remove the gold through a process called elution, leaving behind pure gold.
Refining: The gold obtained is further purified through processes such as electrolysis or chemical precipitation to achieve high purity.
ii. Use of Gold:
One common use of gold is in jewelry and ornamentation. Gold is highly valued for its beauty and rarity, making it a popular choice for crafting intricate jewelry pieces and decorative items.
iii . Property of Gold Suitable for Jewelry:
One property of gold that makes it suitable for use in jewelry is its malleability. Gold is one of the most malleable metals, meaning it can be easily shaped, stretched, and formed into intricate designs without breaking. This property allows jewelers to create intricate and delicate pieces of jewelry, such as rings, necklaces, and earrings, which are highly sought after for their aesthetic appeal and craftsmanship.
Gold is typically extracted from its ore through a process called cyanidation. Here's a brief overview of how this extraction process works:
Crushing and Grinding: The gold ore is first crushed and ground into fine particles to increase the surface area for the subsequent chemical reactions.
Leaching: The crushed ore is then mixed with a dilute solution of sodium cyanide (or potassium cyanide), which forms a complex with gold ions (Au^+). This process is known as leaching.
Adsorption: The gold-cyanide complex is adsorbed onto activated carbon particles in a process called carbon-in-pulp or carbon-in-leach. This step separates the gold from other impurities.
Recovery: The gold-loaded carbon is then heated, typically in a furnace, to remove the gold through a process called elution, leaving behind pure gold.
Refining: The gold obtained is further purified through processes such as electrolysis or chemical precipitation to achieve high purity.
ii. Use of Gold:
One common use of gold is in jewelry and ornamentation. Gold is highly valued for its beauty and rarity, making it a popular choice for crafting intricate jewelry pieces and decorative items.
iii . Property of Gold Suitable for Jewelry:
One property of gold that makes it suitable for use in jewelry is its malleability. Gold is one of the most malleable metals, meaning it can be easily shaped, stretched, and formed into intricate designs without breaking. This property allows jewelers to create intricate and delicate pieces of jewelry, such as rings, necklaces, and earrings, which are highly sought after for their aesthetic appeal and craftsmanship.
3a(i ) Hess's law of constant heat summation states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the pathway between the initial and final states. In other words, the overall enthalpy change of a reaction can be calculated by summing the enthalpy changes of individual steps or reactions involved.
3. C When an aqueous solution of iron (III) ions is added to sodium trioxocarbonate (IV), it produces carbon (IV) oxide because iron (III) ions act as a reducing agent, causing the oxidation of the trioxocarbonate (IV) ion to carbon (IV) oxide. This reaction is a result of the transfer of electrons between the two compounds.
1. C The reaction of dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with solid calcium carbonate (CaCO3) stops after some time because it produces carbon dioxide gas (CO2) as one of the products. As the carbon dioxide gas is formed, it can create a layer or barrier on the surface of the solid calcium carbonate, which can slow down or prevent further reaction from occurring. This can lead to a decrease in the rate of reaction until it eventually stops.
1. d. (i) The statement "matter is particulate" means that matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms or molecules. These particles are indivisible and combine together to form different substances.
(ii) Two building blocks of matter are atoms and molecules. Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties, while molecules are made up of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
(ii) Two building blocks of matter are atoms and molecules. Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties, while molecules are made up of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
1. f. (i) Paramagnetism is a property of a substance that arises from the presence of unpaired electrons in its atoms or molecules. These unpaired electrons generate a magnetic field, causing the substance to be attracted to a magnetic field.
(ii) A pure covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally, resulting in a symmetrical distribution of electron density between the atoms. In contrast, a coordinate bond (also known as a dative bond) is formed when one atom donates a pair of electrons to another atom, resulting in an uneven distribution of electron density between the atoms.
(ii) A pure covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally, resulting in a symmetrical distribution of electron density between the atoms. In contrast, a coordinate bond (also known as a dative bond) is formed when one atom donates a pair of electrons to another atom, resulting in an uneven distribution of electron density between the atoms.