🔆Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU):
✅It is an international economic union and free trade zone comprising countries located in central and northern Asia and Eastern Europe.
✅It was established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union signed on May 29, 2014, in Astana.
✅Member countries include Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
✅The EAEU is being created to comprehensively upgrade, raise the competitiveness of and cooperation between the national economies, and promote stable development in order to raise the living standards of the nations of the Member-States.
✅The EAEU provides for free movement of goods, services, capital and labor, pursues coordinated, harmonized, and single policy in the sectors determined by the Treaty and international agreements within the Union.
📍Structure:
✅The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the highest body of the EAEU, which consists of the heads of the Union’s member states.
✅The Eurasian Economic Commission, based in Moscow, is the permanent supranational regulatory body of the union.
✅The main purpose of the Commission is to ensure the functioning and development of the EAEU and developing proposals for the further development of integration.
✅The Court of the EAEU, based in Minsk, serves as the judicial body.
✅Unlike the European Commission, the Eurasian Economic Commission’s power is limited.
✅Member states disagreeing with its judgements can appeal to other bodies, and the Commission has no power to bring a member state before the Court in a case of non-compliance.
✅Disputes are often resolved bilaterally rather than via EEU institutions.
✅Unlike the European Union (EU), the EAEU does not share a common currency.
#gs2
#ir
#prelims
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_prep_squad
✅It is an international economic union and free trade zone comprising countries located in central and northern Asia and Eastern Europe.
✅It was established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union signed on May 29, 2014, in Astana.
✅Member countries include Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
✅The EAEU is being created to comprehensively upgrade, raise the competitiveness of and cooperation between the national economies, and promote stable development in order to raise the living standards of the nations of the Member-States.
✅The EAEU provides for free movement of goods, services, capital and labor, pursues coordinated, harmonized, and single policy in the sectors determined by the Treaty and international agreements within the Union.
📍Structure:
✅The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the highest body of the EAEU, which consists of the heads of the Union’s member states.
✅The Eurasian Economic Commission, based in Moscow, is the permanent supranational regulatory body of the union.
✅The main purpose of the Commission is to ensure the functioning and development of the EAEU and developing proposals for the further development of integration.
✅The Court of the EAEU, based in Minsk, serves as the judicial body.
✅Unlike the European Commission, the Eurasian Economic Commission’s power is limited.
✅Member states disagreeing with its judgements can appeal to other bodies, and the Commission has no power to bring a member state before the Court in a case of non-compliance.
✅Disputes are often resolved bilaterally rather than via EEU institutions.
✅Unlike the European Union (EU), the EAEU does not share a common currency.
#gs2
#ir
#prelims
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_prep_squad
🔆Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU):
✅It is an international economic union and free trade zone comprising countries located in central and northern Asia and Eastern Europe.
✅It was established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union signed on May 29, 2014, in Astana.
✅Member countries include Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
✅The EAEU is being created to comprehensively upgrade, raise the competitiveness of and cooperation between the national economies, and promote stable development in order to raise the living standards of the nations of the Member-States.
✅The EAEU provides for free movement of goods, services, capital and labor, pursues coordinated, harmonized, and single policy in the sectors determined by the Treaty and international agreements within the Union.
📍Structure:
✅The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the highest body of the EAEU, which consists of the heads of the Union’s member states.
✅The Eurasian Economic Commission, based in Moscow, is the permanent supranational regulatory body of the union.
✅The main purpose of the Commission is to ensure the functioning and development of the EAEU and developing proposals for the further development of integration.
✅The Court of the EAEU, based in Minsk, serves as the judicial body.
✅Unlike the European Commission, the Eurasian Economic Commission’s power is limited.
✅Member states disagreeing with its judgements can appeal to other bodies, and the Commission has no power to bring a member state before the Court in a case of non-compliance.
✅Disputes are often resolved bilaterally rather than via EEU institutions.
✅Unlike the European Union (EU), the EAEU does not share a common currency.
#gs2
#ir
#prelims
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_prep_squad
✅It is an international economic union and free trade zone comprising countries located in central and northern Asia and Eastern Europe.
✅It was established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union signed on May 29, 2014, in Astana.
✅Member countries include Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
✅The EAEU is being created to comprehensively upgrade, raise the competitiveness of and cooperation between the national economies, and promote stable development in order to raise the living standards of the nations of the Member-States.
✅The EAEU provides for free movement of goods, services, capital and labor, pursues coordinated, harmonized, and single policy in the sectors determined by the Treaty and international agreements within the Union.
📍Structure:
✅The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the highest body of the EAEU, which consists of the heads of the Union’s member states.
✅The Eurasian Economic Commission, based in Moscow, is the permanent supranational regulatory body of the union.
✅The main purpose of the Commission is to ensure the functioning and development of the EAEU and developing proposals for the further development of integration.
✅The Court of the EAEU, based in Minsk, serves as the judicial body.
✅Unlike the European Commission, the Eurasian Economic Commission’s power is limited.
✅Member states disagreeing with its judgements can appeal to other bodies, and the Commission has no power to bring a member state before the Court in a case of non-compliance.
✅Disputes are often resolved bilaterally rather than via EEU institutions.
✅Unlike the European Union (EU), the EAEU does not share a common currency.
#gs2
#ir
#prelims
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_prep_squad
🔆What is India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC)?
✅An Indian delegation recently paid a visit to the UAE for the first time to hold discussions with the key entities there on the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC).
📍 India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC):
✅It was announced on the sidelines of the G20 meeting in New Delhi when a memorandum of understanding was signed between the European Union and seven countries, namely India, the US, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), France, Germany, and Italy.
✅The corridor will provide a reliable and cost-effective cross-border ship-to-rail transit network to supplement existing maritime routes.
✅It intends to increase efficiency, reduce costs, secure regional supply chains, increase trade accessibility, enhance economic cooperation, generate jobs, and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
✅The IMEEC will comprise two separate corridors, the east corridor connecting India to the Gulf and the northern corridor connecting the Gulf to Europe.
✅The corridor will include a shipping route connecting Mumbai and Mundra (Gujarat) with the UAE, and a rail network connecting the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan with the Israeli port of Haifa to reach the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.
✅Haifa will then be connected by sea to the port of Piraeus in Greece to eventually be connected to Europe.
✅Beyond the transport infrastructure, undersea cables would facilitate the exchange of data, while long-distance hydrogen pipelines would boost the participants’ climate and decarbonisation goals.
#gs2
#ir
#gs3
#economy
@upsc_4_ir
✅An Indian delegation recently paid a visit to the UAE for the first time to hold discussions with the key entities there on the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC).
📍 India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC):
✅It was announced on the sidelines of the G20 meeting in New Delhi when a memorandum of understanding was signed between the European Union and seven countries, namely India, the US, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), France, Germany, and Italy.
✅The corridor will provide a reliable and cost-effective cross-border ship-to-rail transit network to supplement existing maritime routes.
✅It intends to increase efficiency, reduce costs, secure regional supply chains, increase trade accessibility, enhance economic cooperation, generate jobs, and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
✅The IMEEC will comprise two separate corridors, the east corridor connecting India to the Gulf and the northern corridor connecting the Gulf to Europe.
✅The corridor will include a shipping route connecting Mumbai and Mundra (Gujarat) with the UAE, and a rail network connecting the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan with the Israeli port of Haifa to reach the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.
✅Haifa will then be connected by sea to the port of Piraeus in Greece to eventually be connected to Europe.
✅Beyond the transport infrastructure, undersea cables would facilitate the exchange of data, while long-distance hydrogen pipelines would boost the participants’ climate and decarbonisation goals.
#gs2
#ir
#gs3
#economy
@upsc_4_ir
🔆We need a shared moral compass not catastrophic power politics
#gs2
#ir
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
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#ir
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
Copernicus EMS is EU space mission to collect the data frm earth & environmentt vis settelite
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#ir
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
#gs2
#ir
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
🔆46th ATCM in Kochi
✅India set to host the prestigious 46th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting and 26th Meeting of the Committee for Environmental Protection from may 20-30, in Kochi
✅The Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959 and entered into force in 1961, established Antarctica as a region dedicated to peaceful purposes, scientific cooperation, and environmental protection. India is also a signatory since 1983.
✅India’s first Antarctic research station, Dakshin Gangotri, was established in 1983. At present, India operates two year-round research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012).
#gs1
#prelims
Join @PIB_UPSC
✅India set to host the prestigious 46th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting and 26th Meeting of the Committee for Environmental Protection from may 20-30, in Kochi
✅The Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959 and entered into force in 1961, established Antarctica as a region dedicated to peaceful purposes, scientific cooperation, and environmental protection. India is also a signatory since 1983.
✅India’s first Antarctic research station, Dakshin Gangotri, was established in 1983. At present, India operates two year-round research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012).
#gs1
#prelims
Join @PIB_UPSC
🔆What is International Criminal Court (ICC)?
✅The International Criminal Court’s (ICC) prosecutor is seeking arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Defence Minister Yoav Gallant, and three Hamas leaders for war crimes.
✅It is a permanent judicial body established by the Rome Statute (1998) to investigate, prosecute and try individuals accused of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression and to impose prison sentences upon individuals who are found guilty of such crimes.
✅HQ: Hague, Netherlands
✅Members: 123 nations are States Parties to the Rome Statute and recognize the ICC’s authority. The notable exceptions are the US, China, Russia, and India.
📍Composition:
✅Judges: The Court has eighteen judges, each from a different member country, elected to nonrenewable nine-year terms.
✅The Presidency: Consists of three judges (the President and two Vice-Presidents) elected from among the judges.
#gs2
#ir
#prelims
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
✅The International Criminal Court’s (ICC) prosecutor is seeking arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Defence Minister Yoav Gallant, and three Hamas leaders for war crimes.
✅It is a permanent judicial body established by the Rome Statute (1998) to investigate, prosecute and try individuals accused of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression and to impose prison sentences upon individuals who are found guilty of such crimes.
✅HQ: Hague, Netherlands
✅Members: 123 nations are States Parties to the Rome Statute and recognize the ICC’s authority. The notable exceptions are the US, China, Russia, and India.
📍Composition:
✅Judges: The Court has eighteen judges, each from a different member country, elected to nonrenewable nine-year terms.
✅The Presidency: Consists of three judges (the President and two Vice-Presidents) elected from among the judges.
#gs2
#ir
#prelims
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
🔆BIMSTEC
✅BIMSTEC will now be open to new members and observers after a historic first charter of the grouping came into force recently.
📍Areas of cooperation:
✅It is a sector-driven cooperative organisation in which, initially, six sectors had been included:
Trade, Technology, Energy, Transport, Tourism, and Fisheries
✅As of now, BIMSTEC has 14 priority areas of cooperation. Climate change was added as the 14th priority area of cooperation in 2008.
Among these priority areas, a member country chooses which of the 14 priority areas it is willing to take the lead.
✅India is lead country for Transport & Communication, Tourism, Environment & Disaster Management, Counter-Terrorism & Transnational Crime.
#gs2
#ir
#prelims
@upsc_4_ir
✅BIMSTEC will now be open to new members and observers after a historic first charter of the grouping came into force recently.
📍Areas of cooperation:
✅It is a sector-driven cooperative organisation in which, initially, six sectors had been included:
Trade, Technology, Energy, Transport, Tourism, and Fisheries
✅As of now, BIMSTEC has 14 priority areas of cooperation. Climate change was added as the 14th priority area of cooperation in 2008.
Among these priority areas, a member country chooses which of the 14 priority areas it is willing to take the lead.
✅India is lead country for Transport & Communication, Tourism, Environment & Disaster Management, Counter-Terrorism & Transnational Crime.
#gs2
#ir
#prelims
@upsc_4_ir
🔆Myanmar to revive plans for China backed Myitsone dam project on Ayeyarwady River
#gs2
#ir
#mapping
@upsc_4_ir
#gs2
#ir
#mapping
@upsc_4_ir
Recently, Ireland, Norway, and Spain have announced that they will formally recognize the state of Palestine on 28th May 2024.
Around 144 out of 193 member-states of the United Nations recognise Palestine as a state, including most of the global south, Russia, China and India.
However, so far, only a handful of the 27 EU members have done so, mostly former Communist countries as well as Sweden and Cyprus.
📍Palestinian statehood and stand of India
✅India and Palestine have had a relationship since 1974, when India became the first non-Arab state to recognize the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO).
In 1988, India was one of the first countries to recognize the Palestinian State.
✅In 1996, India opened its Representative Office to Palestine in Gaza City which was shifted to Ramallah in 2003.
✅India has advocated the resumption of direct negotiations towards establishing a sovereign, independent and viable State of Palestine living within secure and recognized borders, side by side at peace with Israel.
Around 144 out of 193 member-states of the United Nations recognise Palestine as a state, including most of the global south, Russia, China and India.
However, so far, only a handful of the 27 EU members have done so, mostly former Communist countries as well as Sweden and Cyprus.
📍Palestinian statehood and stand of India
✅India and Palestine have had a relationship since 1974, when India became the first non-Arab state to recognize the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO).
In 1988, India was one of the first countries to recognize the Palestinian State.
✅In 1996, India opened its Representative Office to Palestine in Gaza City which was shifted to Ramallah in 2003.
✅India has advocated the resumption of direct negotiations towards establishing a sovereign, independent and viable State of Palestine living within secure and recognized borders, side by side at peace with Israel.
🔆India - Bhutan relation
Bhutanese PM Tshering Tobgay spoke of ‘deep’ economic challenges, the potential of the new carbon-negative smart city project, and ruled out re-joining the BBIN vehicle agreement
📍Motor Vehicles Agreement (MVA) of BBIN
✅In 2015,India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh signed this
🔰Terms of the Agreement :
✅Cargo vehicles will be able to enter any of the 4 nations no need to shift goods from one country’s truck to another’s at the border.
✅Free movement in other’s territory for transportation of cargo and passengers, including third-country transport and personal vehicles.
✅As per the agreement each vehicle would require an electronic permit to enter another country’s territory, and border security arrangements between nations’ borders will also remain.
✅Vehicles are fitted with an electronic seal that alerts regulators every time the container door is opened.
📍Gelephu smart city project
Click here
#gs2
#ir
#prelims
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
Bhutanese PM Tshering Tobgay spoke of ‘deep’ economic challenges, the potential of the new carbon-negative smart city project, and ruled out re-joining the BBIN vehicle agreement
📍Motor Vehicles Agreement (MVA) of BBIN
✅In 2015,India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh signed this
🔰Terms of the Agreement :
✅Cargo vehicles will be able to enter any of the 4 nations no need to shift goods from one country’s truck to another’s at the border.
✅Free movement in other’s territory for transportation of cargo and passengers, including third-country transport and personal vehicles.
✅As per the agreement each vehicle would require an electronic permit to enter another country’s territory, and border security arrangements between nations’ borders will also remain.
✅Vehicles are fitted with an electronic seal that alerts regulators every time the container door is opened.
📍Gelephu smart city project
Click here
#gs2
#ir
#prelims
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
🔆Taiwan Strait:
✅The Taiwan Strait, or Formosa Strait is a 180 km-wide strait between mainland China and the island of Taiwan.
✅It runs between the coast of Fujian (Fukien) Province, China, and the island of Taiwan.
✅The strait is part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north.
✅The strait’s seafloor is mostly a continental shelf extending out from the Asian continent, with Taiwan on the outer edge.
✅It is relatively shallow. It has an average depth of about 490 feet, and a minimum depth of 82 feet.
📍Islands:
✅The biggest islands along the Taiwan side include Penghu (or Pescadores), Xiamen, and Pingtan.
✅The Xiamen and Pingtan Islands are administered by the People’s Republic of China, while the other three islands: Penghu (or Pescadores), Kinmen and Matsu are under the administration of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
#gs2
#prelims
#mapping
@upsc_4_ir
✅The Taiwan Strait, or Formosa Strait is a 180 km-wide strait between mainland China and the island of Taiwan.
✅It runs between the coast of Fujian (Fukien) Province, China, and the island of Taiwan.
✅The strait is part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north.
✅The strait’s seafloor is mostly a continental shelf extending out from the Asian continent, with Taiwan on the outer edge.
✅It is relatively shallow. It has an average depth of about 490 feet, and a minimum depth of 82 feet.
📍Islands:
✅The biggest islands along the Taiwan side include Penghu (or Pescadores), Xiamen, and Pingtan.
✅The Xiamen and Pingtan Islands are administered by the People’s Republic of China, while the other three islands: Penghu (or Pescadores), Kinmen and Matsu are under the administration of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
#gs2
#prelims
#mapping
@upsc_4_ir
🛑UPSC mindmap charts
Quick prelims Revision notes
✅Mnemonics
✅UPSC Flow Charts
✅Mains Diagrams
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD
Quick prelims Revision notes
✅Mnemonics
✅UPSC Flow Charts
✅Mains Diagrams
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD
🔆 Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge
✅It was adopted at the Diplomatic Conference held under the aegis of the World Intellectual Property Organization at its headquarters in Geneva.
📍Key points
✅It mandates that, where a patent application involves genetic resources, the applicant must disclose the country of origin or source.
✅If traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is involved, the applicant must disclose the Indigenous Peoples or local community that provided it.
✅Genetic resources, found in entities such as medicinal plants and agricultural crops, are often utilized in patented inventions, although they themselves cannot be patented.
✅Once ratified by 15 contracting parties, the Treaty will establish an international legal framework requiring patent applicants to disclose the origin of genetic resources and the associated traditional knowledge used in their inventions.
#gs3
#prelims
#economy
@upsc_4_economy
✅It was adopted at the Diplomatic Conference held under the aegis of the World Intellectual Property Organization at its headquarters in Geneva.
📍Key points
✅It mandates that, where a patent application involves genetic resources, the applicant must disclose the country of origin or source.
✅If traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is involved, the applicant must disclose the Indigenous Peoples or local community that provided it.
✅Genetic resources, found in entities such as medicinal plants and agricultural crops, are often utilized in patented inventions, although they themselves cannot be patented.
✅Once ratified by 15 contracting parties, the Treaty will establish an international legal framework requiring patent applicants to disclose the origin of genetic resources and the associated traditional knowledge used in their inventions.
#gs3
#prelims
#economy
@upsc_4_economy