Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
GS1-2023.pdf
435.7 KB
Forwarded from Anmol Vachan Quotes ( UPSC prelims mains )
General studies paper 1 marks
✅Modern History: 35
✅Geography: 100
✅Society: 75
✅Art and culture: 40
✅Art and culture ( ancient medieval) : 1 (10 marks), 2(15 marks)
✅Modern History: 2 questions (10 marks) and 1 question (15 marks)
✅Society: 3 question (10 marks) and 3 question (15 marks)
✅Geography: 4 question (10 marks) and 4 question (15 marks)
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✅Modern History: 35
✅Geography: 100
✅Society: 75
✅Art and culture: 40
✅Art and culture ( ancient medieval) : 1 (10 marks), 2(15 marks)
✅Modern History: 2 questions (10 marks) and 1 question (15 marks)
✅Society: 3 question (10 marks) and 3 question (15 marks)
✅Geography: 4 question (10 marks) and 4 question (15 marks)
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Anmolvachan1
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
GS2 - 2023.pdf
1.6 MB
Forwarded from Anmol Vachan Quotes ( UPSC prelims mains )
🔆GS2 Marks
✅Polity and Constitution : 140
✅Governance Social Justice: 60
✅International Relations: 50
✅Polity and Constitution : Question 5 (10 marks), 6 question (15 marks)
✅Governance social justice: 3 Question (10 marks) , 2 Question (15 marks)
✅International Relations: 2 question (10 marks), 2 Question (15marks)
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Anmolvachan1
✅Polity and Constitution : 140
✅Governance Social Justice: 60
✅International Relations: 50
✅Polity and Constitution : Question 5 (10 marks), 6 question (15 marks)
✅Governance social justice: 3 Question (10 marks) , 2 Question (15 marks)
✅International Relations: 2 question (10 marks), 2 Question (15marks)
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Anmolvachan1
🔆Firms links to adani investor lost license in Mauritius
#gs3
#economy
@upsc_4_economy
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
#gs3
#economy
@upsc_4_economy
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
🔆U.S. and Iran exchange prisoners, signaling partial thaw in relations
#gs2
#ir
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
#gs2
#ir
@upsc_4_ir
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains)
UNSC Reforms
India's demands for reforming the UNSC
✅ Permanent Membership: India has long demanded a permanent seat in an expanded UNSC to reflect its rising influence as an emerging power.
✅ Equitable Representation: India advocates for equitable regional representation in an expanded UNSC. It notes that Africa and Latin America currently have no permanent members, while Asia only has China. India calls for more opportunities for under-represented regions.
✅ Veto Power Reform: While seeking a permanent seat, India has also consistently pushed for reforming the veto power wielded by the 5 existing permanent members (P5) to make the UNSC more democratic.
✅ In 2020, India again called for restricting the veto only to vital national security issues.
✅ Terrorism Convention: India urges the UNSC to adopt a comprehensive convention on terrorism reflecting the current realities of cross-border and international terrorism.
✅ Working Methods Reform: India advocates for reforms in the UNSC's opaque working methods and decision-making procedures to make them more transparent, efficient and inclusive.
Key challenges facing UNSC reforms:
✅ Lack of Consensus: There is no consensus among UN member states on the nature and extent of UNSC expansion.
✅ Resistance from Current P5: The existing permanent members are reluctant to dilute their influence by expanding permanent membership. They have shown little willingness for drastic reform.
✅ Competing Claims: Rival states like India, Japan, Germany, Brazil and others are competing for permanent seats. Concurrence on new permanent members is difficult.
✅ Representation and Rotation: Smaller states prefer expanded non-permanent membership with regional representation and rotation instead of new permanent members. This clashes with demands for permanency.
✅ Security Council's Relevance: Some states question the relevance of the UNSC structure itself in the 21st century and argue for alternative global conflict resolution mechanisms that are more representative and equitable.
✅ Charter Amendment Requirement: Any UNSC expansion requires amendment of the UN Charter, which needs ratification by 2/3rd UN members and all P5 members.
Achieving this high bar for reform is challenging.
✅ Loss of Privileges: The P5 enjoy certain privileges like appointing the Secretary General. They are reluctant to extend these privileges to new permanent members, reducing incentives for reform.
✅ Changing Global Order: Lack of consensus among major powers like the US, Russia and China on the direction of the evolving global order hampers progress on UNSC reforms.
#gs2
#ir
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_ir
India's demands for reforming the UNSC
✅ Permanent Membership: India has long demanded a permanent seat in an expanded UNSC to reflect its rising influence as an emerging power.
✅ Equitable Representation: India advocates for equitable regional representation in an expanded UNSC. It notes that Africa and Latin America currently have no permanent members, while Asia only has China. India calls for more opportunities for under-represented regions.
✅ Veto Power Reform: While seeking a permanent seat, India has also consistently pushed for reforming the veto power wielded by the 5 existing permanent members (P5) to make the UNSC more democratic.
✅ In 2020, India again called for restricting the veto only to vital national security issues.
✅ Terrorism Convention: India urges the UNSC to adopt a comprehensive convention on terrorism reflecting the current realities of cross-border and international terrorism.
✅ Working Methods Reform: India advocates for reforms in the UNSC's opaque working methods and decision-making procedures to make them more transparent, efficient and inclusive.
Key challenges facing UNSC reforms:
✅ Lack of Consensus: There is no consensus among UN member states on the nature and extent of UNSC expansion.
✅ Resistance from Current P5: The existing permanent members are reluctant to dilute their influence by expanding permanent membership. They have shown little willingness for drastic reform.
✅ Competing Claims: Rival states like India, Japan, Germany, Brazil and others are competing for permanent seats. Concurrence on new permanent members is difficult.
✅ Representation and Rotation: Smaller states prefer expanded non-permanent membership with regional representation and rotation instead of new permanent members. This clashes with demands for permanency.
✅ Security Council's Relevance: Some states question the relevance of the UNSC structure itself in the 21st century and argue for alternative global conflict resolution mechanisms that are more representative and equitable.
✅ Charter Amendment Requirement: Any UNSC expansion requires amendment of the UN Charter, which needs ratification by 2/3rd UN members and all P5 members.
Achieving this high bar for reform is challenging.
✅ Loss of Privileges: The P5 enjoy certain privileges like appointing the Secretary General. They are reluctant to extend these privileges to new permanent members, reducing incentives for reform.
✅ Changing Global Order: Lack of consensus among major powers like the US, Russia and China on the direction of the evolving global order hampers progress on UNSC reforms.
#gs2
#ir
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_ir
🔆India’s Relations with Saudi Arabia
▪️Oil and Gas:
✅ Saudi Arabia is currently India’s second-largest supplier of crude oil (Iraq has been India's top supplier).
✅ India imports more than 18% of its crude oil requirement and India imports most of its Liquefied petroleum gas from Saudi Arabia
▪️Bilateral Trade:
✅ Saudi Arabia is India’s fourth largest trade partner (after the USA, China and UAE).
✅ Bilateral trade in FY22 was valued at USD 29.28 billion, with significant imports and exports.
▪️Cultural Linkages:
✅ Hajj pilgrimage and digitization of Hajj processes reflect the significant cultural ties.
✅ India participated as the 'Guest of Honour' at the Saudi National Festival of Heritage and Culture in 2018.
✅Naval Exercise: In 2021, India and Saudi Arabia started their first-ever Naval joint exercise called the Al-Mohed Al-Hindi Exercise.
✅Indian Community in Saudi
Arabia: The 2.6 million-strong Indian community in Saudi Arabia is the largest expatriate community in the Kingdom and is highly respected for its contributions to Saudi Arabia's development.
#prelims
#gs2
#ir
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_ir
▪️Oil and Gas:
✅ Saudi Arabia is currently India’s second-largest supplier of crude oil (Iraq has been India's top supplier).
✅ India imports more than 18% of its crude oil requirement and India imports most of its Liquefied petroleum gas from Saudi Arabia
▪️Bilateral Trade:
✅ Saudi Arabia is India’s fourth largest trade partner (after the USA, China and UAE).
✅ Bilateral trade in FY22 was valued at USD 29.28 billion, with significant imports and exports.
▪️Cultural Linkages:
✅ Hajj pilgrimage and digitization of Hajj processes reflect the significant cultural ties.
✅ India participated as the 'Guest of Honour' at the Saudi National Festival of Heritage and Culture in 2018.
✅Naval Exercise: In 2021, India and Saudi Arabia started their first-ever Naval joint exercise called the Al-Mohed Al-Hindi Exercise.
✅Indian Community in Saudi
Arabia: The 2.6 million-strong Indian community in Saudi Arabia is the largest expatriate community in the Kingdom and is highly respected for its contributions to Saudi Arabia's development.
#prelims
#gs2
#ir
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_ir