The global semiconductor chip ----1---- will cost automakers 110 billion dollars in lost ----2---- this year, up from a previous estimate of 61 billion. Automakers have been ----3---- to make long-term ----4---- on chip supply for fear of being stuck with financial issues over such agreements. Now, companies will have to respond by building stronger ----5---- to chip makers. Last week, Ford said it was ----6---- some parts to use chips that were more readily available.

A) Commitments B) Disobliging C) Shortage D) Bargain E) Ties
F) Revenues G) Redesigning H) Reluctant
 
#RFIB _ SK.106

✅ Answer:
1. Shortage 2. Revenues 3. Reluctant 4. Commitments 5. Ties
6. Redesigning
#RFIB _ SK.106

❇️Analysis of the answers:

1.  Shortage (n.): here we have a compound noun and based on meaning “shortage” is correct.
2. Revenues (n.): the word “lost” before the gap is an adjective so we must use a noun in the gap and based on meaning “revenues” is correct.
3. Reluctant (adj.): based on English word order after the verb we can use an adjective and based on meaning “reluctant” is correct.
4. Commitments (n.): the word “long-term” is an adjective so we must use a noun in the gap and based on meaning “commitments” is correct.
5. Ties (n.): the word “stronger” is an adjective so we must use a noun in the gap and based on meaning “ties” is correct.
6. Redesigning (v.): the sentence is past continuous which is to-be past + verb with -ing and based on meaning “redesigning” is correct.

تحلیل :
1. در این قسمت یک ترکیب اسمی داریم که با توجه به معنا کلمه shortage صحیح است.
2. کلمه lost یک صفت است و کلمه بعد از آن اسم باید باشد و براساس معنا کلمه revenues صحیح است.
3. براساس چینش کلمات در انگلیسی بعد از فعل صفت هم میتواند استفاده شود و با توجه به معنا کلمه reluctant صحیح است.
4. کلمه long-term یک صفت است که بعد از آن, اسم استفاده میشود و براساس معنا کلمه commitments صحیح است.
5. کلمه stronger صفت است و بعد از صفت, اسم استفاده میشود و با توجه به معنا کلمه ties صحیح است.
6. زمان جمله past continuous است که ساختار آن to-be past + verb with –ing است و با توجه به معنا کلمه redesigning صحیح است.

1.  Shortage (n.): a state or situation in which something needed cannot be obtained in sufficient amounts. کمبود
2. Revenues (n.): income, especially when of an organization and of a substantial nature. درآمد
3. Reluctant (adj.): unwilling and hesitant.   بی میل
4. Commitments (n.): the state or quality of being dedicated to a cause, activity, etc. تعهدات
5. Ties (n.): a thing that unites or links people. روابط
6. Redesigning (v.): design (something) again or in a different way. طراحی مجدد
#RFIB _ SK.106

The Arouca Bridge is 516 meters, and it ----1----above the River Paiva, and the area is ----2---- as a natural paradise with its many waterfalls and green hills. The new bridge is made of steel cables that narrow ----3---- in the middle and they hang between two ----4---- concrete pillars. The bottom is ----5---- and although not everyone will enjoy that, visitors can also see ----6---- the steel on the sides which gives the bridge a completely open ----7----.

A) Renowned B) Through C) Impenetrable D) Slightly E) Character
F) Hangs G) Thrive H) Transparent I) Immense

#RFIB _ SKB.99

✅ Answer:
1. Hangs 2. Renowned 3. Slightly 4. Immense 5. Transparent
6. Through 7. Character
#RFIB _ SKB.99

❇️Analysis of the answers:
1.  Hangs (v.): based on English word order after the subject we must use a verb and based on meaning “hangs” is correct.
2. Renowned (adj.): based on English word order after the verb we can use an adjective and based on meaning “renowned” is correct.
3. Slightly (adv.): after the verb “narrow” we can use an adverb and based on meaning “slightly” is correct.
4. Immense (adj.): the gap is between a number and a noun so we must use an adjective in the gap and based on meaning “immense” is correct.
5. Transparent (adj.): based on English word order after the verb we can use an adjective and based on meaning “transparent” is correct.
6. Through (prep.): based on meaning the correct preposition after the verb “see” is “through”.
7. Character (n.): the word “open” before the gap is an adjective so we must use a noun in the gap and based on meaning “character” is correct.

تحلیل :
1. براساس چینش کلمات در انگلیسی بعد از subject فعل استفاده میشود و با توجه به معنا کلمه hangs صحیح است.
2. براساس چینش کلمات در انگلیسی بعد از فعل میتوانیم صفت استفاده کنیم و با توجه به معنا کلمه renowned صحیح است.
3. بعد از فعل narrow میتوانیم از قید استفاده کنیم و براساس معنا کلمه slightly  صحیح است.
4. جای خالی بین یک عدد و اسم است پس در جای خالی باید از صفت استفاده شود و براساس معنا کلمه immense صحیح است.
5. براساس چینش کلمات در انگلیسی بعد از فعل میتوانیم صفت استفاده کنیم و با توجه به معنا کلمه transparent صحیح است.
6. با توجه به معنا حرف اضافه صحیح برای فعل see کلمه through یمباشد.
7. کلمه open که قبل از جای خالی آمده است صفت میباشد پس در جای خالی باید اسم استفاده شود و براساس معنا کلمه character صحیح است.

1.  Hangs (v.): remain static in the air. معلق بودن
2. Renowned (adj.): known or talked about by many people; famous. مشهور، معروف
3. Slightly (adv.): to a small degree; not considerably. اندکی
4. Immense (adj.): extremely large or great, especially in scale or degree. وسیع، پهناور
5. Transparent (adj.): (of a material or article) allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen.  شفاف
6. Through (prep.): so as to be perceived from the other side of (an intervening obstacle). از میان
7. Character (n.): the distinctive nature of something. سرشت، طبیعت
#RFIB _ SKB.99

A huge ----1---- about 60 meters in diameter has appeared in farmers’ fields in central Mexico, threatening to ----2---- a nearby house. The sinkhole is around 20 meters deep and is filled with water that is ----3---- moving around. The family that lives close to the sinkhole has been ----4----.  The reason for the sinkhole might be the ----5---- of water from the ground, which ----6---- the soil in lower levels.

A) Softens B) Constantly C) Binge D) Evacuated E) Sinkhole
F) Banish G) Swallow H) Extraction

#RFIB _ SK.119

✅ Answer:
1. Sinkhole 2. Swallow 3. Constantly 4. Evacuated
5. Extraction 6. Softens
#RFIB _ SK.119

❇️Analysis of the answers:

1.  Sinkhole (n.): the word before the gap is an adjective so we must use a noun in the gap and based on meaning “sinkhole” is correct.
2. Swallow (v.): after the preposition “to” we need to use an infinitive verb and based on meaning “swallow” is correct.
3. Constantly (adv.): the gap is between a to-be verb and a gerund so we must use an adverb in the gap and based on meaning “constantly” is correct.
4. Evacuated (v.): the sentence is present perfect passive which is have + been + past participle and based on meaning “evacuated” is correct.
5. Extraction (n.): after the article “the” we must use a noun and based on meaning “extraction” is correct.
6. Softens (v.): after the word “which” which is used as a determiner, we must use a verb and based on meaning “softens” is correct.

تحلیل :
1. کلمه قبل از جای خالی صفت است پس در جای خالی اسم استفاده میشود و براساس معنا کلمه sinkhole صحیح است.
2. بعد از حرف اضافه to فعل در حالت infinitive خود استفاده میشود و با توجه به معنا کلمه swallow صحیح است.
3. جای خالی بین فعل to-be و یک فعل gerund است پس در جای خالی قید استفاده میشود و براساس معنا کلمه constantly صحیح است.
4. زمان جمله present perfect passive هست که ساختار have + been + past participle که براساس معنا کلمه evacuated صحیح است.
5. بعد از حرف تعریف the اسم استفاده میشود و براساس معنا کلمه extraction صحیح است.
6. کلمه which به عنوان یک determiner استفاده شده است و بعد از آن فعل استفاده میشود و با توجه به معنا کلمه softens صحیح است.

1.  Sinkhole (n.): a cavity in the ground caused by water erosion and providing a route for surface water to disappear underground. گودال
2. Swallow (v.): cause or allow (something, especially food or drink) to pass down the throat. بلعیدن، فرو بردن
3. Constantly (adv.): continuously over a period of time; always. پیوسته ,همیشه
4. Evacuated (v.): remove (someone) from a place of danger to a safer place. ترک کردن، خالی کردن
5. Extraction (n.): the action of extracting something, especially using effort or force. استخراج
6. Softens (v.): make or become soft or softer. نرم کردن
#RFIB _ SK.119

📌 متن :

The vast and ancient oceans, covering more than 70% of our planet, hold a wealth of secrets yet to be fully uncovered. From the majestic whales that migrate across vast distances to the microscopic organisms that form the foundation of the marine food web, the ocean teems with life. However, human activities are exerting increasing pressure on marine life.

✳️ Check out the boldfaced words in a dictionary to study their pronunciation, collocations, parts of speech, and examples.

#Read_Aloud #RA

#Read_Aloud #RA

The Maasai people of East Africa have long been celebrated for their distinctive culture and traditions. One of the most unique and transformative events in recent Maasai history has been the introduction of the Maasai Olympics, an initiative that combines sportsmanship with the preservation of cultural heritage.
Traditionally, Maasai warriors gained honor and prestige through acts of bravery, such as lion hunting. However, as wildlife conservation efforts intensified and lion populations declined, there was a growing need to find alternative ways to demonstrate valor and leadership within the community.
In response to these challenges, the Maasai Olympics was born. This biennial event showcases athletic skills in sports like running, spear throwing, and high jump, all inspired by traditional warrior training. The twist is that instead of hunting lions, participants now compete to protect them, as the Maasai people have recognized the importance of wildlife conservation.
The Maasai Olympics not only provides a platform for young warriors to display their physical prowess but also promotes environmental conservation and raises awareness about the importance of preserving Africa's wildlife. It sends a powerful message that cultural heritage and wildlife conservation can go hand in hand.
This unique event has not only gained attention within Maasai communities but has also garnered international recognition. It exemplifies how innovative approaches can honor tradition while adapting to the changing times. The Maasai Olympics serves as an inspiring example of how culture, sports, and environmental stewardship can intersect to create a positive impact in the modern world.
In conclusion, the Maasai Olympics represents a significant shift in Maasai culture, where the preservation of tradition and wildlife conservation coalesce in a powerful and meaningful way. This event showcases how indigenous communities can adapt and thrive while maintaining their cultural roots and contributing to global conservation efforts.


#SWT

✍🏼 Noteworthy points of the passage:

the Maasai Olympics
distinctive culture and traditions
gaining honor by hunting lions
showing athletic skills
wildlife conservation (or protecting lions)
displaying physical prowess as a young warrior
preserving Africa’s wildlife
contributing to global conservation efforts

the Massai Olympics

تحلیل و بررسی کلید واژه های SWT

The Massai Olympics

#SWT_Analysis