Noteworthy points of the lecture:

Carbon dioxide (CO2)
greenhouse gas
climate change
a cycle
Sun heats the Earth's surface
plants take sunlight
photosynthesis
convert back to energy
break down carbohydrates
fossil fuels

Carbon dioxide, or CO2, is the main greenhouse gas in climate change. So how does CO2 get into our atmosphere? Well, carbon is part of a cycle. It starts with the sun, which heats the Earth’s surface with more energy in one hour than the whole world uses in a year. Plants, which are kind of like biological chefs, take that sunlight, and then suck in some CO2 from the air, mix them together, and BAM! They create a stored form of energy, in the form of carbohydrates such as glucose and sucrose. The process is called photosynthesis. When animals like us eat those plants our stomachs convert that food back into energy for our own growth. Greenhouse gases are a byproduct of this process, and are released through waste. If those plants die, they decompose, and tiny microorganisms break down those carbohydrates and again, release greenhouse gases as a byproduct. As you see, energy originates from the sun. It is then transferred as it moves through the food chain. But sometimes, carbon based organisms like plants or animals get stuck in the earth. When this happens, they’re compressed under tons of pressure, and turned into carbon-based fossil fuels like oil, coal or natural gas.

#RL_Transcription

✅ثمر فیاضی ساعت ۲۲:۰۰ رونخوانی و پرونانسیش
(پرسش و پاسخ بعد از تمرین)
به پنجشنبه موکول شد✅

Parosmia is a disorder characterized by a change in the perception of odors. Most often, the smells are unpleasant, like hand soap smelling like dead bodies and the outdoors like sewage. This odd distortion of scent is being seen in a growing number of people who have contracted COVID-19, lost their sense of smell and taste, and recovered from the virus but never fully regained their sense of smell again, says Dr. Jennifer Grayson, director of otolaryngology research at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. "Parosmia is not classified as a long-haul symptom of COVID. It's more of a complicating and potentially permanent factor of COVID," she says. Parosmia is closely related to phantosmia, an olfactory hallucination characterized by smelling something that isn't there, such as smelling smoke when there's nothing burning, Grayson says. It can also be intertwined with a distorted sense of taste known as dysgeusia. For example, a member of a Parosmia/Post-COVID Facebook group described toothpaste tasting like "how a landfill smells." These odd odors and tastes are described by other Facebook group members as "dumpster juice," "hot garbage," "potting soil," "rotting flesh" and "dog." They can greatly diminish quality of life. Eating becomes excruciating difficult, as most things that tasted pleasant before they developed parosmia suddenly cause sufferers to gag or vomit. Because parosmia can linger for months, many of these individuals lose weight and some become depressed and hopeless for fear they will never regain their sense of smell and taste.

#SWT

Noteworthy points of the passage:

Parosmia
a change in the perception of odors
unpleasant smells
not regaining the sense of smell
COVID-19 patients
a long-haul symptom
phantosmia
dysgeusia
becoming depressed and losing weight