Young people here in Asia and indeed in every continent are …...1……. new challenges at an …...2……. pace as they …...3……. the global economy seeking work. But are the young in all parts of the globe …...4……. equipped to deal with the unforeseen …...5……. of the twenty-first century?

a) enter b) repeals c) unparalleled d) hazards e) facing f) cedes g) fully


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✅Answers:

1. facing (v.) : to accept that something unpleasant is true and start to deal with the situation. روبرو شدن
2. unparalleled (adj.) : having no equal; better or greater than any other.بی نظیر – غیر موازی
3. enter (v.) : to come or go into a particular place. وارد شدن
4. fully (adv.) : in a way that shows the stated quality. بطور کامل
5. hazards (n) : something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage.خطر

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❇️Analysis of the answers:

1. facing : Based on the auxiliary “are” and the lack of main verb, we can realize that the tense of the sentence is Present Continuous and the structure in this tense is formed by putting am/is/are before the -ing form of the verb. Based on the meaning and the form of the verb, “facing” is the right answer.
2. unparalleled : Attributive adjective is an adjective that usually comes before the noun it modifies without a linking verb. The word “pace” as a noun is preceded and described by an adjective “unparalleled”. Based on the meaning, “unparalleled” is the right adjective.
3. enter : The sentence lacks a main verb and based on the subject-verb agreement principles, the word “they” as the plural subject of the sentence demands a plural verb. Based on the subject-verb agreement principles and the meaning, “enter” is the right answer.
4. fully : One of the functions of adverbs is to modify verbs. The verb “equipped” is preceded and modified by the adverbs “fully” and “seriously”. Since it is the only adverb available among our choices, it is the right answer.
5. hazards : Since the Adjective’s main function is to describe and modify nouns, “unforeseen” as an adjective is followed by the noun it modifies. Based on the meaning, the right noun is “hazards”.

❇️تحلیل»

۱. براساس فعل کمکی “are” و عدم وجود فعل اصلی، می توانیم تشخیص دهیم که زمان جمله “Present Continuous” می باشد و ساختار در این زمان با قرار دادن am/is/are قبل از شکل -ing فعل ساخته می شود. براساس معنا و شکل فعل، پاسخ صحیح “facing” می باشد.
۲. یک attributive adjective، صفتی است که معمولاً قبل از اسمی (noun) که توصیف می کند و بدون یک فعل ربط (linking verb) می آید. واژه “pace” به عنوان اسم (noun) در ادامه یک صفت که “unparalleled” می باشد آمده و توسط اش توصیف شده است. براساس معنا، صفت صحیح “unparalleled” می باشد.
۳. جمله فاقد فعل اصلی می باشد و واژه “they” به عنوان فاعل جمع نیازمند یک فعل جمع است. براساس اصول توافق شده فاعل-فعل و معنا، “enter” پاسخ صحیح می باشد.
۴. یکی از کارکرد های adverb توصیف کردن فعل می باشد. فعل “equipped” بعد از قید “fully” آمده و توسطش توصیف شده است. همچنین “fully” تنها گزینه adverb ما می باشد.
۵. از آنجایی که کارکرد اصلی صفت توصیف و اصلاح اسم (noun) می باشد، “unforeseen” به عنوان یک صفت با یک اسم که آن را توصیف می کند ادامه یافته است. براساس معنا، اسم صحیح “hazards” می باشد.

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With the globalization not just of …...1……., but all knowledge itself, young graduates in India, Pakistan, or China are just as …...2……. for the future as their …...3……. in any other nation. Except for one thing, that is. Young people wherever they are still …...4……. something of …...5……. importance.

a) distinguishes b) commerce c) paramount d) lack e) prepared f) counterparts g) bade


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✅Answers:

1. commerce (n.) : the activities involved in buying and selling things. تجارت
2. prepared (v.) : to make or get something or someone ready for something that will happen in the future. آماده کردن
3. counterparts (n.) : a person or thing which has the same purpose as another one in a different place or organization.همتا – هم نوع
4. lack (v.) : to not have or not have enough of something that is needed or wanted.نداشتن – ناقص بودن
5. paramount (adj.) : more important than anything else.مهمترین

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❇️Analysis of the answers:

1. commerce: After the preposition “of” a noun is used and based on the meaning of the word “commerce”, it is the right noun.
2. prepared : In the present simple, the passive is: am / is / are + past participle (3rd form of the verb). The Sentence lacks a subject and has the structure of the passive voice. Based on the meaning and the tense, “prepared” is the right answer.
3. counterparts : A determiner is a word that introduces a noun. It always comes before a noun, not after, and it also comes before any other adjectives used to describe the noun. “Their” as a possessive determiner, is used mainly for plural nouns or uncountable nouns. Based on the meaning, the right noun is “counterparts”.
4. lack : The sentence lacks a main verb and based on the subject-verb agreement principles, the phrase “Young people” as the plural subject of the sentence demands a plural verb. Based on the subject-verb agreement principles and the meaning, “lack” is the right answer.
5. paramount : Attributive adjective is an adjective that usually comes before the noun it modifies without a linking verb. The word “importance” as a noun is preceded and described by an adjective “paramount”. Based on the meaning, “paramount” is the right adjective.

❇️تحلیل»

۱. بعد از حرف اضافه “of” از یک اسم (noun) استفاده شده است. بر اساس معنای لغت “commerce” پاسخ صحیح است.
۲. ساختار جمله مجهول در حال ساده (present simple - passive) برابر است با: am/is/are + past participle. جمله فاقد فاعل (subject) است و ساختار مجهول (passive) دارد. براساس معنا و زمان فعل،“ prepared” پاسخ صحیح است.
۳. یک تعیین کننده (determiner ) واژه ای است که یک اسم (noun) را معرفی می کند. تعیین کننده ها همیشه قبل از یک اسم می آیند و نه بعد از آن، و همچنین قبل از هر صفتی که برای توصیف اسم استفاده شده می آید. واژه “their” به عنوان یک تعیین کننده ملکی، که بطورکلی برای اسم جمع و یا اسم غیرقابل شمارش استفاده می شود. براساس معنا، اسم صحیح “counterparts” می باشد.
۴. جمله فاقد فعل اصلی می باشد و واژه “Young people” به عنوان فاعل جمع نیازمند یک فعل جمع است. براساس اصول توافق شده فاعل-فعل و معنا، “lack” پاسخ صحیح می باشد.
۵. یک attributive adjective، صفتی است که معمولاً قبل از اسمی (noun) که توصیف می کند و بدون یک فعل ربط (linking verb) می آید. واژه “importance” به عنوان اسم (noun) در ادامه یک صفت که “paramount” می باشد آمده و توسط اش توصیف شده است. براساس معنا، صفت صحیح “paramount” می باشد.

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Knowledge is also …...1……. into systems that allow professionals of any kind and level to move around the world in the employ of multinational companies much more easily than in the past. So it …...2……. less and less where people are from, where they are working, or where they move to. The same rules and systems …...3……. to all. With this knowledge-based industry now …...4……. established, mainly as a result of the internet, economies and people have to move on to another level of …...5……..

a) competition b) firmly c) matters d) dormant e) impartial f) packaged g) apply


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✅Answers:

1. packaged (v.) : present (someone or something) in a particular way, especially to make them more attractive. بسته بندی کردن
2. matters (v.) : to be important, or to affect what happens. اهمیت داشتن
3. apply (v.) : (especially of rules or laws) to have a connection or be important. اعمال شدن
4. firmly (adv.) : strongly and tightly. بطور محکم
5. competition (n.) : when someone is trying to win something or be more successful than someone else. مسابقه

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❇️Analysis of the answers:

1. packaged : In the present simple, the passive is: am / is / are + past participle (3rd form of the verb). The Sentence lacks a subject and has the structure of the passive voice. Based on the meaning and the tense, “packaged” is the right answer.
2. matters : The sentence lacks a main verb and based on the subject-verb agreement principles, the word “it” as the singular subject of the sentence demands a singular verb. Based on the subject-verb agreement principles and the meaning, “matters” is the right answer.
3. apply : The sentence lacks a main verb and based on the subject-verb agreement principles, the word “systems” as the plural subject of the sentence demands a plural verb. Based on the subject-verb agreement principles and the meaning, “systems” is the right answer.
4. firmly : One of the functions of adverbs is to modify verbs. The verb “established” is preceded and modified by the adverb “firmly”. Based on the structure and the meaning, it is the right answer.
5. competition : After the preposition “of” a noun is used and based on the meaning of the word “competition”, it is the right noun.

❇️تحلیل»

۱. ساختار جمله مجهول در حال ساده (present simple - passive) برابر است با: am/is/are + past participle. جمله فاقد فاعل (subject) است و ساختار مجهول (passive) دارد. براساس معنا و زمان فعل،“ packaged” پاسخ صحیح است.
۲. جمله فاقد فعل اصلی می باشد و “it” به عنوان فاعل مفرد نیازمند یک فعل مفرد است. براساس اصول توافق شده فاعل-فعل و معنا، “matters” پاسخ صحیح می باشد.
۳. جمله فاقد فعل اصلی می باشد و“systems” به عنوان فاعل جمع نیازمند یک فعل جمع است. براساس اصول توافق شده فاعل-فعل و معنا، “apply” پاسخ صحیح می باشد.
۴. یکی از کارکرد های adverb توصیف کردن فعل می باشد. فعل “established” بعد از قید “firmly” آمده و توسطش توصیف شده است. براساس معنا و ساختار گزینه صحیح “firmly” می باشد.
۵. بعد از حرف اضافه “of” از یک اسم (noun) استفاده شده است. بر اساس معنای لغت “competition” پاسخ صحیح است.

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A person’s breathing stops when air is somehow …...1……. from entering the …...2…….. The most common sites for air to get trapped …...3……. the nasal passage, the tongue, the tonsils, and the uvula. Fatty tissue or tightened muscles at the back of a throat can also cause the obstruction. Central sleep apnea has a different root cause, though the consequences are the same. In central sleep apnea, the brain …...4……. to send the signal that tells the muscles that it is time to breathe. The term central is used because this type of apnea is related to the central nervous system rather than the blocked airflow. The third type of sleep apnea, known as mixed apnea, is a combination of the two and is the most …...5……. form.

a) forgets b) ammunition c) rare d) prevented e) whereas f) include g) trachea


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✅Answers:

1. prevented (v.) : keep (something) from happening or arising. جلوگیری کردن
2. trachea (n.) : a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe. نای
3. include (v.) : comprise or contain as part of a whole.شامل بودن
4. forgets (v.) : fail to remember. فراموش کردن
5. rare (adj.) : (of an event, situation, or condition) not occurring very often.نادر

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❇️Analysis of the answers:

1. prevented : In the present simple, the passive is: am / is / are + past participle (3rd form of the verb). The Sentence lacks a subject and has the structure of the passive voice. Based on the meaning and the tense, “prevented” is the right answer.
2. trachea : After the definite article “the” a noun is used and based on the meaning of the word “trachea”, it is the right noun.
3. include : The sentence lacks a main verb and based on the subject-verb agreement principles, “sites” as the plural subject of the sentence demands a plural verb. Based on the subject-verb agreement principles and the meaning, “include” is the right answer.
4. forgets : The sentence lacks a main verb and based on the subject-verb agreement principles, the clause “brain” as the singular subject of the sentence demands a singular verb. Based on the subject-verb agreement principles and the meaning, “forgets” is the right answer.
5. rare : Adjectives are usually placed before the nouns they modify, but when used with linking verbs, such as the different forms of to-be or sense verbs, they are placed after the verb. This type of verb links the subject of the sentence with an adjective or noun. These adjectives are called predicative adjectives. After the linking verb “is” and the word “most” an adjective can be placed. Based on the meaning, the right adjective is “rare”.

❇️تحلیل»

۱. ساختار جمله مجهول در حال ساده (present simple - passive) برابر است با: am/is/are + past participle. جمله فاقد فاعل (subject) است و ساختار مجهول (passive) دارد. براساس معنا و زمان فعل،“prevented” پاسخ صحیح است.
۲. بعد از حرف تعریف معین “the” از یک اسم (noun) استفاده شده است. بر اساس معنای لغت “trachea” پاسخ صحیح است.
۳. جمله فاقد فعل اصلی می باشد و واژه “sites” به عنوان فاعل جمع نیازمند یک فعل جمع است. براساس اصول توافق شده فاعل-فعل و معنا، “include” پاسخ صحیح می باشد.
۴. جمله فاقد فعل اصلی می باشد و جمله واره “brain” به عنوان فاعل مفرد نیازمند یک فعل مفرد است. براساس اصول توافق شده فاعل-فعل و معنا، “forgets” پاسخ صحیح می باشد.
۵. صفت ها معمولاً قبل از اسمی (noun) که توصیف می کنند قرار می گیرند، اما وقتی با فعل ربط (linking verbs) همانند شکل های مختلف فعل to-be یا فعل های sense استفاده شوند، بعد از فعل قرار می گیرند. این گونه از فعل، فاعل را به صفت یا اسم مرتبط و متصل می کند. این صفت ها predicative adjectives نامیده می شوند. بعد از فعل ربط “is” و واژه “most” یک صفت قرار گرفته است. براساس معنا، صفت صحیح “rare” می باشد.

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Anesthesiologists today are …...1……. as …...2……. physicians, meaning they take care of a patient before, during, and after surgical procedures. It takes over eight years of schooling and four years of residency until an anesthesiologists is prepared to practice in the United States. These …...3……. are trained to …...4……. three different types of anesthetic: general, local, and regional. General anesthetic is used to put a patient unto a temporary …...5……. of unconsciousness. Local anesthetic is used only at the affected site and causes a loss of sensation.
a) experts b) obediently c) state d) perioperative e) stank f) classified g) administer

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