ملخص ال Thyroid كامل ⬆️⬆️

✨ indication for thyroidectomy :
📍The five  𝘔s
 💡𝘔echanical - obstructive Sx
 💡𝘔alignancy
💡 𝘔arred beauty - cosmotic
💡 𝘔edical Rx failure - Graves
💡 𝘔ediastinal retrosternal extention

👀 complications of thyroidectomy :
 🅷eamorrhage
 🅷oarsness of voice (RLN)
 🅷ypethyrodism ( thyroid storm )
 🅷ypoparathyroidism
 🅷ypocalcemia

#أذكار الصباح .
احفظ اللّه يحفظك❤

Malignant cancer of the thyroid gland is divided into:
🛑Differentiated::  papillary & follicular ➡️originated from thyroid follicular cell
🛑 Undiffereniated :::
Anaplastic ➡️from Follicular cell
Medullary ➡️ from c cell
Lymphoma ➡️ from lymphocytes within thyroid

🧾(Thyroid cancer keys )
🔹Papillary :
▫️Commenest  
▫️Children & young adult
▫️Spread to lymph node
▫️Multicentric
🔹Follicular
▫️Fifty = 50 yrs
▫️Blood spread
▫️FNA cannot distinguish
🔹Medullary
▫️90% sporadic
▫️10% MEN 2
▫️Diarrhea
▫️Cushing
🔹Anaplastic
▫️Elderly
▫️Radio
🔹Lymphoma :
▫️Radio

يارب اجعلنا ذو حظ عظيم وشأن عظيم وسخر لنا الأرض ومن عليها وأرزقنا رزقاً وفيراً وبارك لنا فيه وهب لنا ما نتمني وما أريد🌸

⛔ Parotid gland devided by facial nerve to 2 parts so any sergical procedure ( e.g incision and drain pus ) you should cut the skin vertically but the gland horizontally to avoid 7 CN damage this is called hilton's method

Sub-mandibular gland more common stone formation due to many causes : 1:submandibular galnd secrate thick mucous (mucous ثقيل كقوام duct )

2:opening of gland obstrected by food
3:long sub-mandibular duct
4:duct decrtion aganist gravity
(لأن القنوات جاية تحت اللسان فعكس الجاذبية )