#Goodmorning
⏳ 30 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳ 30 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳95 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳277 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
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🔆Tri-boelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) Technology
✅The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore has designed special shoes for soldiers equipped with a Tri-boelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) Technology.
✅It is a self-powered, feasible solution to convert mechanical energy into electricity.
The electricity will get stored in a device fixed in the soles and can be used to operate small appliances
✅Features: It is equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies, these shoes can help determine the location of personnel in real-time.
📍Applications
✅The TENG technology can be used to track the location of senior citizens suffering from Alzheimer's, school children and climbers and can help monitor the attendance and work of workers in factories.
✅These shoes can also accurately analyse the movements of sportspersons to improve their performance.
✅For trekking and mountaineering enthusiasts, the shoes provide reliable tracking during expeditions with their self-powered GPS feature, ensuring safety and efficient navigation.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
✅The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore has designed special shoes for soldiers equipped with a Tri-boelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) Technology.
✅It is a self-powered, feasible solution to convert mechanical energy into electricity.
The electricity will get stored in a device fixed in the soles and can be used to operate small appliances
✅Features: It is equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies, these shoes can help determine the location of personnel in real-time.
📍Applications
✅The TENG technology can be used to track the location of senior citizens suffering from Alzheimer's, school children and climbers and can help monitor the attendance and work of workers in factories.
✅These shoes can also accurately analyse the movements of sportspersons to improve their performance.
✅For trekking and mountaineering enthusiasts, the shoes provide reliable tracking during expeditions with their self-powered GPS feature, ensuring safety and efficient navigation.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
🔆Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
✅APEDA was established by the Government of India under the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Act of 1985.
✅It works under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
✅Objective: To develop and promote the export of scheduled products.
✅The products specified under the APEDA ACT are called scheduled products, and exporters of such scheduled products are required to register under APEDA.
✅It provides financial assistance, information, and guidelines for the development of scheduled products.
✅Headquarters: New Delhi
Functions:
✅Setting the standards and specifications for the scheduled products.
✅Registration of exporters of the scheduled products on payment of required fees.
✅Improving packaging and marketing of the Scheduled products.
✅Carrying out an inspection of products to ensure the quality of such products.
✅Training in various aspects of the industries connected with the scheduled products.
✅Development of industries relating to the scheduled products and undertaking surveys, feasibility studies, etc.
✅Collection of statistics from the owners of factories or establishments and publication of such statistics.
✅Examples of scheduled products: Fruits, Vegetable, Meat,Poultry, Dairy Products, Confectionery, Biscuits, Bakery Products, Honey, Jaggery, etc.
✅APEDA was established by the Government of India under the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Act of 1985.
✅It works under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
✅Objective: To develop and promote the export of scheduled products.
✅The products specified under the APEDA ACT are called scheduled products, and exporters of such scheduled products are required to register under APEDA.
✅It provides financial assistance, information, and guidelines for the development of scheduled products.
✅Headquarters: New Delhi
Functions:
✅Setting the standards and specifications for the scheduled products.
✅Registration of exporters of the scheduled products on payment of required fees.
✅Improving packaging and marketing of the Scheduled products.
✅Carrying out an inspection of products to ensure the quality of such products.
✅Training in various aspects of the industries connected with the scheduled products.
✅Development of industries relating to the scheduled products and undertaking surveys, feasibility studies, etc.
✅Collection of statistics from the owners of factories or establishments and publication of such statistics.
✅Examples of scheduled products: Fruits, Vegetable, Meat,Poultry, Dairy Products, Confectionery, Biscuits, Bakery Products, Honey, Jaggery, etc.
#Goodmorning
⏳ 29 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳ 29 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳94 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳276 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳365 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
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🔆Moral and Political Attitudes
✅The group of women empowering other women through education in Mumbai is called the "Sakhi Foundation". They have been working since 2001 to provide education and training to girls from low-income families, and have so far helped over 10,000 girls to complete their education.
✅ In 2022, a group of students at the National Law University in Delhi started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of sexual harassment on college campuses.
The campaign, called "Not Your Fault", has been met with a lot of positive feedback, and has helped to start a conversation about this important issue.
✅In 2019, a group of students in the United Kingdom started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of climate change.
The campaign, called "Fridays for Future", has inspired millions of students around the world to take action on this important issue.
#ethics
#example
Join @upsc_ethics_toppers
@Anmolvachan1
✅The group of women empowering other women through education in Mumbai is called the "Sakhi Foundation". They have been working since 2001 to provide education and training to girls from low-income families, and have so far helped over 10,000 girls to complete their education.
✅ In 2022, a group of students at the National Law University in Delhi started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of sexual harassment on college campuses.
The campaign, called "Not Your Fault", has been met with a lot of positive feedback, and has helped to start a conversation about this important issue.
✅In 2019, a group of students in the United Kingdom started a campaign to raise awareness about the issue of climate change.
The campaign, called "Fridays for Future", has inspired millions of students around the world to take action on this important issue.
#ethics
#example
Join @upsc_ethics_toppers
@Anmolvachan1
PUBLIC IMPARTIALITY :
Equal treatment toward all people. Acceptance of bureaucracy is due to public impartiality. Public impartiality is a constitutional obligation (article 14).
In unequal circumstances, impartiality will be replaced by equity and fairness. E.g. –
✅ Separate line for old age and women.
✅ Reservation on social and educational backwardness.
IMPORTANCE OF IMPARTIALITY
✅ Acceptance and authority of bureaucracy.
✅ Credibility and trustworthiness.
✅ It enables a civil servant to ask an appropriate question to anyone E.g.: Salman Khan, Shashikala etc.
✅ It helps the civil servant to maintain the queue. v. Political interference can be resisted on this principle.
✅ Fulfilling all interests equitably.
✅ It is by constitutional provisions of articles 14, 15.
✅ It is by professional ethics.
✅ It will encourage ethical work culture.
Enablers of impartiality/disablers of partiality:
✅ Interest analysis
✅ Bias free
✅ Decision validation
✅ Decision support system
#ethics
#example
Join @Anmolvachan1
@upsc_ethics_toppers
Equal treatment toward all people. Acceptance of bureaucracy is due to public impartiality. Public impartiality is a constitutional obligation (article 14).
In unequal circumstances, impartiality will be replaced by equity and fairness. E.g. –
✅ Separate line for old age and women.
✅ Reservation on social and educational backwardness.
IMPORTANCE OF IMPARTIALITY
✅ Acceptance and authority of bureaucracy.
✅ Credibility and trustworthiness.
✅ It enables a civil servant to ask an appropriate question to anyone E.g.: Salman Khan, Shashikala etc.
✅ It helps the civil servant to maintain the queue. v. Political interference can be resisted on this principle.
✅ Fulfilling all interests equitably.
✅ It is by constitutional provisions of articles 14, 15.
✅ It is by professional ethics.
✅ It will encourage ethical work culture.
Enablers of impartiality/disablers of partiality:
✅ Interest analysis
✅ Bias free
✅ Decision validation
✅ Decision support system
#ethics
#example
Join @Anmolvachan1
@upsc_ethics_toppers
🔆Land Degradation
✅ About 29% or about 96.4 million hectares of land in India are considered degraded.
✅ Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India, ISRO: With close to 30% of its geographical area already affected, land degradation is a pressing issue.
✅ Global Land Outlook Report: Over 70% of the Earth's land area has been altered from its natural state due to human activities.
Desertification :
✅ According to the Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India (2021), there is a cumulative increase of 1.05 million ha area under desertification.
✅ Rajasthan, with the Thar Desert, is the most affected state, with approximately 61.2% of its area facing desertification; According to the Government’s data recently presented to the UNCCD, India lost 31%, or 5.65 million hectares (MHA), of grassland area in a decade.
✅ The extent of degraded land in India is over 105 million hectares or about 32% of India's area.
✅ More than 80% of the country’s degraded land lies in just nine states.
#mains
#environment
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Upsc_4_environment
✅ About 29% or about 96.4 million hectares of land in India are considered degraded.
✅ Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India, ISRO: With close to 30% of its geographical area already affected, land degradation is a pressing issue.
✅ Global Land Outlook Report: Over 70% of the Earth's land area has been altered from its natural state due to human activities.
Desertification :
✅ According to the Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India (2021), there is a cumulative increase of 1.05 million ha area under desertification.
✅ Rajasthan, with the Thar Desert, is the most affected state, with approximately 61.2% of its area facing desertification; According to the Government’s data recently presented to the UNCCD, India lost 31%, or 5.65 million hectares (MHA), of grassland area in a decade.
✅ The extent of degraded land in India is over 105 million hectares or about 32% of India's area.
✅ More than 80% of the country’s degraded land lies in just nine states.
#mains
#environment
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Upsc_4_environment
Government Approach Towards Naxalism In The Country :
✅Operation Green Hunt and usage of Specialized Forces like Black Panther and Bastariya Battalions with local tribal personnel counter Naxalite tactics.
✅ Infrastructure Development: Improved road connectivity through RRP-I & II projects.
✅ LWE Mobile Tower Project: Enhanced mobile connectivity in affected areas.
✅ Skill Development Initiatives: ROSHNI and Skill India Mission programs provide training and jobs for youth.
✅ SAMADHAN Policy: A comprehensive strategy combining short and long-term solutions.
✅ Aspirational District Program: Focuses on development in 35 LWE-affected districts.
✅ Security Related Expenditure (SRE): Provides financial support to states for fighting LWE.
✅ Special Central Assistance (SCA): Funds critical public infrastructure and services in LWE areas.
✅ National Technical Research Organization provides unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for anti-Naxal operations and Improved Intelligence Gathering
✅ Forest Rights Act (FRA): Ensures benefits reach those covered under the Act, addressing land rights grievances
#security
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@internal_security_upsc_mains
✅Operation Green Hunt and usage of Specialized Forces like Black Panther and Bastariya Battalions with local tribal personnel counter Naxalite tactics.
✅ Infrastructure Development: Improved road connectivity through RRP-I & II projects.
✅ LWE Mobile Tower Project: Enhanced mobile connectivity in affected areas.
✅ Skill Development Initiatives: ROSHNI and Skill India Mission programs provide training and jobs for youth.
✅ SAMADHAN Policy: A comprehensive strategy combining short and long-term solutions.
✅ Aspirational District Program: Focuses on development in 35 LWE-affected districts.
✅ Security Related Expenditure (SRE): Provides financial support to states for fighting LWE.
✅ Special Central Assistance (SCA): Funds critical public infrastructure and services in LWE areas.
✅ National Technical Research Organization provides unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for anti-Naxal operations and Improved Intelligence Gathering
✅ Forest Rights Act (FRA): Ensures benefits reach those covered under the Act, addressing land rights grievances
#security
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@internal_security_upsc_mains
#Goodmorning
⏳ 28 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳ 28 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳93 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳275 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳364 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
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RevisedAnnualCalendar-2025-Engl-230824.pdf
64.8 KB
Upsc revised calendar
🔆Rural wage disparities
Recent data from the Reserve Bank of India highlights stark differences in rural wages across different states in India, showcasing significant disparities in earnings for farm and non-agricultural workers.
▪️Major Highlights of the Rural Wages Data by RBI?
✅Rural Economic Disruptions:
🔸During the fiscal year 2021-22, the rural economy faced challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic affecting employment and income levels.
🔸Subsequently, in the fiscal year 2022-23, elevated inflation rates and increased interest rates significantly disrupted rural demand.
✅In case of wages for rural construction workers too, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh stand at opposite ends of the spectrum at Rs 852.5 and Rs 278.7 daily, respectively.
✅National Average Wages:
🔸Agricultural workers: Rs 345.7
🔸Non-agricultural workers: Rs 348
🔸Construction workers: Rs 393.3
✅Stagnant Rural Income Growth
Recent data from the Reserve Bank of India highlights stark differences in rural wages across different states in India, showcasing significant disparities in earnings for farm and non-agricultural workers.
▪️Major Highlights of the Rural Wages Data by RBI?
✅Rural Economic Disruptions:
🔸During the fiscal year 2021-22, the rural economy faced challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic affecting employment and income levels.
🔸Subsequently, in the fiscal year 2022-23, elevated inflation rates and increased interest rates significantly disrupted rural demand.
✅In case of wages for rural construction workers too, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh stand at opposite ends of the spectrum at Rs 852.5 and Rs 278.7 daily, respectively.
✅National Average Wages:
🔸Agricultural workers: Rs 345.7
🔸Non-agricultural workers: Rs 348
🔸Construction workers: Rs 393.3
✅Stagnant Rural Income Growth
🔆Why are Laws and Regulations Falling Short for Women Safety?
✅Implementation Gaps: Strict laws enacted after the 2012 Nirbhaya case, like the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, enforcement remains inconsistent across different regions and police jurisdictions.
Implementation of regulations, like establishing Internal Complaints Committees (ICC) in organizations, remains inadequate.
✅Additionally, in 2018 the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) requires listed companies to report cases of sexual harassment annually, but data remains inconsistent and scattered.
✅Systemic Issues: Corruption within the legal and law enforcement systems can undermine efforts to address crimes against women. Bribery and misconduct can result in cases being mishandled or dismissed.
✅Many incidents of violence are not reported due to fear of retaliation, lack of trust in the system, or perceived inefficacy of the legal process.
✅Cultural and Social Norms: Deeply ingrained societal attitudes and norms can undermine legal protections. In some communities, violence against women may be normalised or not taken seriously.
✅Cultural attitudes and victim-blaming can discourage women from reporting crimes or seeking help, fearing stigma and societal judgement.
✅Legal Challenges: Victims often face a high burden of proof, which can lead to low conviction rates. The requirement for substantial evidence and the legal complexity of cases can deter victims from pursuing justice.
✅The judicial process can be cumbersome, leading to prolonged trials and delayed justice for victims. This can also discourage survivors from reporting crimes.
✅Economic Dependence: Economic factors can also play a significant role. Women who are financially dependent on their abusers may find it difficult to leave abusive relationships, even if legal protections are in place.
✅Resistance to Change: Resistance to reform within institutions and among policymakers can delay or obstruct efforts to improve laws and regulations.
✅Legal frameworks may not evolve quickly enough to address emerging forms of violence or changes in societal attitudes.
✅Lack of Awareness and Education: There is often limited awareness among women about their legal rights and available support services. This lack of knowledge can prevent them from accessing justice and support.
#gs1
#society
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
✅Implementation Gaps: Strict laws enacted after the 2012 Nirbhaya case, like the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, enforcement remains inconsistent across different regions and police jurisdictions.
Implementation of regulations, like establishing Internal Complaints Committees (ICC) in organizations, remains inadequate.
✅Additionally, in 2018 the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) requires listed companies to report cases of sexual harassment annually, but data remains inconsistent and scattered.
✅Systemic Issues: Corruption within the legal and law enforcement systems can undermine efforts to address crimes against women. Bribery and misconduct can result in cases being mishandled or dismissed.
✅Many incidents of violence are not reported due to fear of retaliation, lack of trust in the system, or perceived inefficacy of the legal process.
✅Cultural and Social Norms: Deeply ingrained societal attitudes and norms can undermine legal protections. In some communities, violence against women may be normalised or not taken seriously.
✅Cultural attitudes and victim-blaming can discourage women from reporting crimes or seeking help, fearing stigma and societal judgement.
✅Legal Challenges: Victims often face a high burden of proof, which can lead to low conviction rates. The requirement for substantial evidence and the legal complexity of cases can deter victims from pursuing justice.
✅The judicial process can be cumbersome, leading to prolonged trials and delayed justice for victims. This can also discourage survivors from reporting crimes.
✅Economic Dependence: Economic factors can also play a significant role. Women who are financially dependent on their abusers may find it difficult to leave abusive relationships, even if legal protections are in place.
✅Resistance to Change: Resistance to reform within institutions and among policymakers can delay or obstruct efforts to improve laws and regulations.
✅Legal frameworks may not evolve quickly enough to address emerging forms of violence or changes in societal attitudes.
✅Lack of Awareness and Education: There is often limited awareness among women about their legal rights and available support services. This lack of knowledge can prevent them from accessing justice and support.
#gs1
#society
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
"India-China ties: a paradox of partnership and rivalry. Asymmetric relations and trust deficits pose challenges. Candid dialogue can foster synergy and propel Asian prosperity."
C.RajaMohan
C.RajaMohan
Pratibha Parv
✅ The ‘Pratibha Parv’ initiative was developed to address education issues and facility shortcomings in government elementary schools. It aims to assess and regularly track students’ academic performance.
✅Nodal Agency : Government of Madhya Pradesh
Impact
✅The initiative has had wide-ranging impact in the following respects:
🔸 Identification of areas of improvement in school education in the State.
🔸 Better quality of education.
🔸 Strengthened monitoring of schools.
🔸 Improved attendance.
#Government_schemes
JOIN @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_government_scheme
✅ The ‘Pratibha Parv’ initiative was developed to address education issues and facility shortcomings in government elementary schools. It aims to assess and regularly track students’ academic performance.
✅Nodal Agency : Government of Madhya Pradesh
Impact
✅The initiative has had wide-ranging impact in the following respects:
🔸 Identification of areas of improvement in school education in the State.
🔸 Better quality of education.
🔸 Strengthened monitoring of schools.
🔸 Improved attendance.
#Government_schemes
JOIN @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_government_scheme
#Goodmorning
⏳ 27 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳ 27 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
⏳92 days IFoS Mains 2024 ( 24 nov )
⏳274 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
⏳363 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳ 64 days UPPSC prelims 2024 ( 27 Oct )
⏳ 121 days UPPSC RO/ARO prelims ( 22 DEC)
#Target
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🔆Persistent Issue of Violence Against Women in India
✅The recent rape and murder of a trainee doctor in Kolkata have reignited nationwide concerns about women's safety and intensified protests by healthcare workers, who are now calling for a Central law to protect them.
✅Central Protection Act: The Indian Medical Association (IMA) is advocating for the Implementation of a nationwide law to ensure the safety of healthcare professionals, similar to global examples like the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) zero-tolerance policy and the United States's felony (crime that is serious enough to be punishable) classifications for assaults
📍What do the Crime Statistics Reveal About Women's Safety in India?
✅Rising Crime Rates: The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reported 445,256 cases of crime against women in 2022.
✅From 2018 to 2022, reported crimes against women rose by 12.9%, reflecting both increased incidents and improved reporting.
✅The Women and Men in India 2023 report shows a rise from 359,849 cases in 2017 to over 445,000 in 2022, averaging 1,220 cases daily, averaging 51 First Information Report (FIRs) per hour.
✅The National Family Health Survey-5 found that nearly one-third of women aged 15-49 in India have experienced some form of violence.
📌What are India's Initiatives Related Women Safety?
📍Legislations:
✅International Conventions: India ratified key international conventions, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1993.
✅India also endorsed the Mexico Plan of Action (1975) aimed at full gender equality and ending gender discrimination and the UN General Assembly Session on Gender Equality and Development and Peace for the 21st century.
✅The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956: Prohibits commercial sex work and trafficking of persons for prostitution.
✅Indecent Representation of Women Act, 1986: Prohibits indecent representation of women in advertisements and publications.
✅National Policy for the Empowerment of Women, 2001: Aims for women's advancement and empowerment, addressing violence against women and providing mechanisms for prevention, assistance, and action.
✅Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005: Provides support for women victims of domestic violence, including shelter and medical facilities, with mandatory Protection Officers.
✅Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) (PoSH) Act, 2013: The POSH Act addresses sexual harassment faced by women in the workplace, aiming to ensure a safe work environment.
🔰The Act is based on the Vishakha guidelines established by the Supreme Court in the case of Vishakha & Others v. State of Rajasthan, 1997 which addressed workplace harassment
✅Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012: Protects children from sexual offences, providing a legal framework for their protection and ensuring strict penalties for offenders
#gs2
#GS1
#society
#governance
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
✅The recent rape and murder of a trainee doctor in Kolkata have reignited nationwide concerns about women's safety and intensified protests by healthcare workers, who are now calling for a Central law to protect them.
✅Central Protection Act: The Indian Medical Association (IMA) is advocating for the Implementation of a nationwide law to ensure the safety of healthcare professionals, similar to global examples like the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) zero-tolerance policy and the United States's felony (crime that is serious enough to be punishable) classifications for assaults
📍What do the Crime Statistics Reveal About Women's Safety in India?
✅Rising Crime Rates: The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reported 445,256 cases of crime against women in 2022.
✅From 2018 to 2022, reported crimes against women rose by 12.9%, reflecting both increased incidents and improved reporting.
✅The Women and Men in India 2023 report shows a rise from 359,849 cases in 2017 to over 445,000 in 2022, averaging 1,220 cases daily, averaging 51 First Information Report (FIRs) per hour.
✅The National Family Health Survey-5 found that nearly one-third of women aged 15-49 in India have experienced some form of violence.
📌What are India's Initiatives Related Women Safety?
📍Legislations:
✅International Conventions: India ratified key international conventions, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1993.
✅India also endorsed the Mexico Plan of Action (1975) aimed at full gender equality and ending gender discrimination and the UN General Assembly Session on Gender Equality and Development and Peace for the 21st century.
✅The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956: Prohibits commercial sex work and trafficking of persons for prostitution.
✅Indecent Representation of Women Act, 1986: Prohibits indecent representation of women in advertisements and publications.
✅National Policy for the Empowerment of Women, 2001: Aims for women's advancement and empowerment, addressing violence against women and providing mechanisms for prevention, assistance, and action.
✅Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005: Provides support for women victims of domestic violence, including shelter and medical facilities, with mandatory Protection Officers.
✅Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) (PoSH) Act, 2013: The POSH Act addresses sexual harassment faced by women in the workplace, aiming to ensure a safe work environment.
🔰The Act is based on the Vishakha guidelines established by the Supreme Court in the case of Vishakha & Others v. State of Rajasthan, 1997 which addressed workplace harassment
✅Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012: Protects children from sexual offences, providing a legal framework for their protection and ensuring strict penalties for offenders
#gs2
#GS1
#society
#governance
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
🔆DIVERSITY OF INDIA :
✅India is a land of rich diversities across areas such as languages, ethnicity, religion, culture, rural/urban lifestyles as well as social, economic and educational parameters.
✅ Religious diversity:
✅ According to the data on Population by Religious Communities of Census 2011, Hindu 96.63 crores (79.8%); Muslim 17.22 crores (14.2%); Christian 2.78 crores (2.3%); Sikh 2.08 crores (1.7%); Buddhist 0.84 crores (0.7%); Jain 0.45 crores (0.4%) are dispersed all over the nation forming cultural pockets.
✅The Hindus themselves are divided into Vaishnavas, Shaivites, Shaktas, Smartas, etc. and the Muslims are divided into Shias, Sunnis, Ahmadiyas, etc.
✅ Linguistic Diversity:
✅96.71 percent population in the country has one of the 22 scheduled languages as their mother tongue.
✅India has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea.
✅According to the 2011 census, more than 19,500 languages or dialects are spoken in India as mother tongues. There are 121 languages which are spoken by 10,000 or more people in India.
✅In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act was passed through which, India was divided into states on the basis of regional languages.
✅Geographical Diversity: Spanning an area of 3,287,263 square kilometers, India is a vast country with great diversity of physical features like dry deserts, evergreen forests, snowy Himalayas, a long coast and fertile plains.
✅ Cultural Diversity: Indian culture is one of the oldest and unique.
✅Diversity in Architecture – For example, Temple Building style – Nagara, Dravida, Vesara; various religious architecture.
✅ Diversity in Clothing
✅ Diversity in Indian food
✅ Diversity in custom and tradition – Various festival, rituals etc
✅ Diversity in Indian Cinema
✅ Diversity in Indian Literature
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✅India is a land of rich diversities across areas such as languages, ethnicity, religion, culture, rural/urban lifestyles as well as social, economic and educational parameters.
✅ According to the data on Population by Religious Communities of Census 2011, Hindu 96.63 crores (79.8%); Muslim 17.22 crores (14.2%); Christian 2.78 crores (2.3%); Sikh 2.08 crores (1.7%); Buddhist 0.84 crores (0.7%); Jain 0.45 crores (0.4%) are dispersed all over the nation forming cultural pockets.
✅The Hindus themselves are divided into Vaishnavas, Shaivites, Shaktas, Smartas, etc. and the Muslims are divided into Shias, Sunnis, Ahmadiyas, etc.
✅96.71 percent population in the country has one of the 22 scheduled languages as their mother tongue.
✅India has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea.
✅According to the 2011 census, more than 19,500 languages or dialects are spoken in India as mother tongues. There are 121 languages which are spoken by 10,000 or more people in India.
✅In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act was passed through which, India was divided into states on the basis of regional languages.
✅Geographical Diversity: Spanning an area of 3,287,263 square kilometers, India is a vast country with great diversity of physical features like dry deserts, evergreen forests, snowy Himalayas, a long coast and fertile plains.
✅Diversity in Architecture – For example, Temple Building style – Nagara, Dravida, Vesara; various religious architecture.
✅ Diversity in Clothing
✅ Diversity in Indian food
✅ Diversity in custom and tradition – Various festival, rituals etc
✅ Diversity in Indian Cinema
✅ Diversity in Indian Literature
#gs1
#society
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
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🔆Government Initiatives to Promote E-commerce in India:
✅Since 2014, initiatives like Digital India, Make in India, Start-up India, Skill India, and Innovation Fund have supported the growth of E-commerce in the country.
✅Government e-Marketplace (GeM): It is an online platform for public procurement in India that was launched in 2016 by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
✅Its objective is to create an inclusive, efficient, and transparent platform for the buyers and sellers to carry out procurement activities in a fair and competitive manner.
✅National Retail Policy: In order to administer offline retail and e-commerce in an integral manner, the government had identified five areas in its proposed national retail policy -
🔰Ease of doing business,
🔰Rationalisation of the licence process,
🔰Digitisation of retail,
🔰Focus on reforms and
🔰An open network for digital commerce (ONDC).
ONDC:
✅It has been built to promote open networks for all aspects of the exchange of goods and services over digital or electronic networks.
✅It uses open specifications and open network protocols independent of any specific platform.
✅The Consumer Protection (e-commerce) Rules 2020: It directed e-commerce companies to display the country of origin alongside the product listings.
✅In addition, the companies will also have to reveal parameters that go behind determining product listings on their platforms.
✅5G: Heavy investment made by the Government in rolling out a fibre network for 5G will help boost E-commerce in India.
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#Government_schemes
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✅Since 2014, initiatives like Digital India, Make in India, Start-up India, Skill India, and Innovation Fund have supported the growth of E-commerce in the country.
✅Government e-Marketplace (GeM): It is an online platform for public procurement in India that was launched in 2016 by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
✅Its objective is to create an inclusive, efficient, and transparent platform for the buyers and sellers to carry out procurement activities in a fair and competitive manner.
✅National Retail Policy: In order to administer offline retail and e-commerce in an integral manner, the government had identified five areas in its proposed national retail policy -
🔰Ease of doing business,
🔰Rationalisation of the licence process,
🔰Digitisation of retail,
🔰Focus on reforms and
🔰An open network for digital commerce (ONDC).
ONDC:
✅It has been built to promote open networks for all aspects of the exchange of goods and services over digital or electronic networks.
✅It uses open specifications and open network protocols independent of any specific platform.
✅The Consumer Protection (e-commerce) Rules 2020: It directed e-commerce companies to display the country of origin alongside the product listings.
✅In addition, the companies will also have to reveal parameters that go behind determining product listings on their platforms.
✅5G: Heavy investment made by the Government in rolling out a fibre network for 5G will help boost E-commerce in India.
#gs3
#economy
#Government_schemes
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_government_scheme