#Goodmorning
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🔆Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
✅ It is a technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify various tagged objects.
✅A wireless system comprised of two components - tags and readers.
✅Range -- 9 kHz - 300GHz ( read distance depends upon the frequency used ).
✅ It does not require a direct line of sight to be read.
✅ Data stored in an RFID tag can be updated in real time .
▪️ Barcode
✅ It is a printed series of parallel bars or lines of varying width used for entering data into a computer system.
✅ The bars are black o a white background and vary in width and quantity depending on the application.
✅ These barcodes are scanned using special optical scanners known as barcode readers.
Join @CSE_EXAM
✅ It is a technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify various tagged objects.
✅A wireless system comprised of two components - tags and readers.
✅Range -- 9 kHz - 300GHz ( read distance depends upon the frequency used ).
✅ It does not require a direct line of sight to be read.
✅ Data stored in an RFID tag can be updated in real time .
▪️ Barcode
✅ It is a printed series of parallel bars or lines of varying width used for entering data into a computer system.
✅ The bars are black o a white background and vary in width and quantity depending on the application.
✅ These barcodes are scanned using special optical scanners known as barcode readers.
Join @CSE_EXAM
#Goodmorning
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AnsKey-CAPF-AC-2023-GAT-090724.pdf
12.5 MB
CAPF AC 2023
Answer key
Answer key
Forwarded from UPSC previous year paper ( PYQ ) PDF
CAPF2023.pdf
5 MB
#Goodmorning
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#Goodmorning
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CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains)
DAF-I-Notice-CSME-2024-engl-030724.pdf
Important Alert:
Today is the last date to submit DAF-I by 6:00 PM. Those who have qualified for Civil Services (Main) Examination this year please ensure you have filled it.
The candidature of those candidates, who fail to finally submit their DAF-I, complete in all respects, by given time, will be cancelled and they will not be allowed to appear in the Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2024.
Thank you
Today is the last date to submit DAF-I by 6:00 PM. Those who have qualified for Civil Services (Main) Examination this year please ensure you have filled it.
The candidature of those candidates, who fail to finally submit their DAF-I, complete in all respects, by given time, will be cancelled and they will not be allowed to appear in the Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2024.
Thank you
🔆 Schools of Indian Philosophy
✅During the later Vedic period, definite ideas and philosophies about the true nature of soul or Atman and the cosmic principle or Brahman who represented the ultimate reality were developed.
✅These Vedic philosophical concepts later on gave rise to various schools of philosophies called Shada Darshana.
✅They fall in the category of the orthodox system, as the final authority of the Vedas is recognised by all of them.
✅The orthodox schools of Indian philosophy are as follows:
▪️Samkhya system
✅ Propounded by Kapil Muni, this philosophy holds that reality is constituted of two principles- one female and the other male i.e., Prakriti and Purusha respectively.
✅ It tries to establish a relationship between Purusha and Prakriti to explain the creation of the universe.
▪️Yoga
✅The origin of yoga is found in the Yogasutra of Patanjali believed to have been written in the second century BC.
✅By purifying and controlling changes in the mental mechanism, yoga systematically brings about the release of purusha from prakriti.
✅Yogic techniques control the body, mind and sense organs.
✅Thus, this philosophy is also considered a means of achieving freedom or mukti.
▪️ Nyaya
✅Gautama is said to be the author of the Nyaya Sutras.
✅Nyaya is considered as a
technique of logical thinking.
✅The school holds that there are four valid means of knowledge:
1. perception (pratyaksha),
2. inference (anumana),
3. comparison (upamana), and
4. sound, or testimony
(shabda).
▪️Vaisheshika
✅Kanada wrote the basic text of Vaisheshika philosophy.
✅Vaisheshika system is
considered as the realistic and objective philosophy of the universe.
✅It believes that all objects of the universe are composed of five elements–earth, water, air, fire and ether.
✅Further, God is the guiding principle and the living beings are rewarded or punished according to the law of karma.
▪️Mimamsa
✅Mimamsa philosophy is basically the analysis of interpretation, application and the use of the text of the Samhita and Brahmana portions of the Vedas.
✅According to the philosophy,
Vedas are eternal and possess all knowledge, and religion means the fulfilment of duties prescribed by the Vedas.
▪️ Vedanta
✅Vedanta implies the philosophy of the Upanishad, the concluding portion of the Vedas.
✅It also believes that there is no distinction between the Brahman and the self.
✅Shankaracharya believes that the Brahman is existent, unchanging, the highest truth and the ultimate knowledge.
✅The knowledge of the Brahman is the essence of all things and the ultimate existence.
Apart from these orthodox schools, there are also unorthodox schools of Indian philosophy, such as:
▪️Charvaka/Lokayata :
✅This school does not accept the authority of Vedas.
✅It is a materialistic, sceptical and atheistic school of thought, which believes that there is no other world.
✅Hence, death is the end of humans and pleasure is the ultimate object in life.
▪️Buddhism :
✅ It is a non-theistic philosophy whose tenets are not especially concerned with the existence or non-existence of God.
✅Buddha gave the concept of “four noble truths” and expounded the “ashtangika marg”.
▪️Jainism :
✅A basic principle of Jainism is anekantavada, the idea that reality is perceived differently from different points of view, and that no single point of view is completely true.
✅According to it, only the Kevalins (those who have infinite knowledge) can know the true answer, and all others would only know a part of the answer.
#mainsrevision
#mains
#art_and_culture
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_art_and_culture
✅During the later Vedic period, definite ideas and philosophies about the true nature of soul or Atman and the cosmic principle or Brahman who represented the ultimate reality were developed.
✅These Vedic philosophical concepts later on gave rise to various schools of philosophies called Shada Darshana.
✅They fall in the category of the orthodox system, as the final authority of the Vedas is recognised by all of them.
✅The orthodox schools of Indian philosophy are as follows:
▪️Samkhya system
✅ Propounded by Kapil Muni, this philosophy holds that reality is constituted of two principles- one female and the other male i.e., Prakriti and Purusha respectively.
✅ It tries to establish a relationship between Purusha and Prakriti to explain the creation of the universe.
▪️Yoga
✅The origin of yoga is found in the Yogasutra of Patanjali believed to have been written in the second century BC.
✅By purifying and controlling changes in the mental mechanism, yoga systematically brings about the release of purusha from prakriti.
✅Yogic techniques control the body, mind and sense organs.
✅Thus, this philosophy is also considered a means of achieving freedom or mukti.
▪️ Nyaya
✅Gautama is said to be the author of the Nyaya Sutras.
✅Nyaya is considered as a
technique of logical thinking.
✅The school holds that there are four valid means of knowledge:
1. perception (pratyaksha),
2. inference (anumana),
3. comparison (upamana), and
4. sound, or testimony
(shabda).
▪️Vaisheshika
✅Kanada wrote the basic text of Vaisheshika philosophy.
✅Vaisheshika system is
considered as the realistic and objective philosophy of the universe.
✅It believes that all objects of the universe are composed of five elements–earth, water, air, fire and ether.
✅Further, God is the guiding principle and the living beings are rewarded or punished according to the law of karma.
▪️Mimamsa
✅Mimamsa philosophy is basically the analysis of interpretation, application and the use of the text of the Samhita and Brahmana portions of the Vedas.
✅According to the philosophy,
Vedas are eternal and possess all knowledge, and religion means the fulfilment of duties prescribed by the Vedas.
▪️ Vedanta
✅Vedanta implies the philosophy of the Upanishad, the concluding portion of the Vedas.
✅It also believes that there is no distinction between the Brahman and the self.
✅Shankaracharya believes that the Brahman is existent, unchanging, the highest truth and the ultimate knowledge.
✅The knowledge of the Brahman is the essence of all things and the ultimate existence.
Apart from these orthodox schools, there are also unorthodox schools of Indian philosophy, such as:
▪️Charvaka/Lokayata :
✅This school does not accept the authority of Vedas.
✅It is a materialistic, sceptical and atheistic school of thought, which believes that there is no other world.
✅Hence, death is the end of humans and pleasure is the ultimate object in life.
▪️Buddhism :
✅ It is a non-theistic philosophy whose tenets are not especially concerned with the existence or non-existence of God.
✅Buddha gave the concept of “four noble truths” and expounded the “ashtangika marg”.
▪️Jainism :
✅A basic principle of Jainism is anekantavada, the idea that reality is perceived differently from different points of view, and that no single point of view is completely true.
✅According to it, only the Kevalins (those who have infinite knowledge) can know the true answer, and all others would only know a part of the answer.
#mainsrevision
#mains
#art_and_culture
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_art_and_culture
#Goodmorning
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⏳ 69 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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🔆Pillar Architecture: Mauryan’s Pillars
✅Mauryan Pillars (4th and 2nd Century BC) are one of the crucial architectural belongings of Ancient India. These pillars give details about the major incidents of those times, rulers, wars, etc. Thus, they are major sources of information for Historians.
✅Three types of pillars were made during the Mauryan period. The 1st variety was that of a wooden pillar. These pillars were used in the palace build by Chandra Gupta Maurya. These pillars are known only from literacy reference.
✅The other 2 varieties of pillars were made up of stone. Out of these 1st variety was used in the stone palace build by Ashoka to support the roof & 2nd variety represented Independent work.
✅Despite the fact that creating pillars is an ancient practice, Mauryan pillars vary from pillars in other regions of the globe (such as Achaemenian pillars) in that they are rock-cut pillars, demonstrating the carver’s talent.
✅Two kinds of stone were used to chisel these pillars. Some are made of white sandstone from the Mathura region, while others are made of buff-colored fine-grained hard sandstone mined in Chunar near Varanasi.
✅Capital is the topmost element of a pillar or column. Figures such as a bull, lion, elephant, and others were carved onto the upper half of the pillar. The capital figures (typically animals) are all carved standing on a square or circular abacus and are all forceful.
✅Abacuses have stylized lotuses on them.
✅The Lion Capital, a Mauryan pillar capital unearthed at Sarnath, is the best specimen of Mauryan sculpting tradition.
✅King Ashoka erected many pillars across his territory.
✅The pillars of Ashoka are a series of monolithic columns dispersed throughout the Indian subcontinent, erected or at least inscribed with edicts by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka during his reign from c. 268 to 232 BCE.
✅Ashoka used the expression Dhaṃma thaṃbhā (Dharma stambha), i.e. “pillars of the Dharma” to describe his own pillars. These pillars constitute important monuments of the architecture of India, most of them exhibiting the characteristic Mauryan polish.
✅Of the pillars erected by Ashoka, twenty still survive including those with inscriptions of his edicts.
✅Only a few with animal capitals survive of which seven complete specimens are known. Two pillars were relocated by Firuz Shah Tughlaq to Delhi. Several pillars were relocated later by Mughal Empire rulers, the animal capitals being removed.
✅Averaging between 12 and 15 m (40 and 50 ft) in height, and weighing up to 50 tons each, the pillars were dragged, sometimes hundreds of miles, to where they were erected.
✅All the pillars of Ashoka were built at Buddhist monasteries, many important sites from the life of the Buddha and places of pilgrimage. Some of the columns carry inscriptions addressed to the monks and nuns. Some were erected to commemorate visits by Ashoka.
✅Major pillars are present in the Indian States of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and some parts of Haryana.
✅The capital without the crowning wheel and the lotus base has been adopted as the National Emblem of Independent India.
#gs1
#art_and_culture
@upsc_art_and_culture
✅Mauryan Pillars (4th and 2nd Century BC) are one of the crucial architectural belongings of Ancient India. These pillars give details about the major incidents of those times, rulers, wars, etc. Thus, they are major sources of information for Historians.
✅Three types of pillars were made during the Mauryan period. The 1st variety was that of a wooden pillar. These pillars were used in the palace build by Chandra Gupta Maurya. These pillars are known only from literacy reference.
✅The other 2 varieties of pillars were made up of stone. Out of these 1st variety was used in the stone palace build by Ashoka to support the roof & 2nd variety represented Independent work.
✅Despite the fact that creating pillars is an ancient practice, Mauryan pillars vary from pillars in other regions of the globe (such as Achaemenian pillars) in that they are rock-cut pillars, demonstrating the carver’s talent.
✅Two kinds of stone were used to chisel these pillars. Some are made of white sandstone from the Mathura region, while others are made of buff-colored fine-grained hard sandstone mined in Chunar near Varanasi.
✅Capital is the topmost element of a pillar or column. Figures such as a bull, lion, elephant, and others were carved onto the upper half of the pillar. The capital figures (typically animals) are all carved standing on a square or circular abacus and are all forceful.
✅Abacuses have stylized lotuses on them.
✅The Lion Capital, a Mauryan pillar capital unearthed at Sarnath, is the best specimen of Mauryan sculpting tradition.
✅King Ashoka erected many pillars across his territory.
✅The pillars of Ashoka are a series of monolithic columns dispersed throughout the Indian subcontinent, erected or at least inscribed with edicts by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka during his reign from c. 268 to 232 BCE.
✅Ashoka used the expression Dhaṃma thaṃbhā (Dharma stambha), i.e. “pillars of the Dharma” to describe his own pillars. These pillars constitute important monuments of the architecture of India, most of them exhibiting the characteristic Mauryan polish.
✅Of the pillars erected by Ashoka, twenty still survive including those with inscriptions of his edicts.
✅Only a few with animal capitals survive of which seven complete specimens are known. Two pillars were relocated by Firuz Shah Tughlaq to Delhi. Several pillars were relocated later by Mughal Empire rulers, the animal capitals being removed.
✅Averaging between 12 and 15 m (40 and 50 ft) in height, and weighing up to 50 tons each, the pillars were dragged, sometimes hundreds of miles, to where they were erected.
✅All the pillars of Ashoka were built at Buddhist monasteries, many important sites from the life of the Buddha and places of pilgrimage. Some of the columns carry inscriptions addressed to the monks and nuns. Some were erected to commemorate visits by Ashoka.
✅Major pillars are present in the Indian States of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and some parts of Haryana.
✅The capital without the crowning wheel and the lotus base has been adopted as the National Emblem of Independent India.
#gs1
#art_and_culture
@upsc_art_and_culture
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🔆'Responsible quantum technologies’ movement
✅The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology to raise awareness of quantum S&T’s benefits.
✅Responsible quantum S&T calls for ethical practices to prevent misuse, especially given the dual-use nature of the technology.
✅Companies like IBM are committed to positive social impact and preventing harmful applications of quantum technology.
✅Challenges include disparities in quantum S&T capacities between countries and ethical issues. National policies often prioritize intellectual property protections over openness.
#science_and_technology
#prelims
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
✅The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology to raise awareness of quantum S&T’s benefits.
✅Responsible quantum S&T calls for ethical practices to prevent misuse, especially given the dual-use nature of the technology.
✅Companies like IBM are committed to positive social impact and preventing harmful applications of quantum technology.
✅Challenges include disparities in quantum S&T capacities between countries and ethical issues. National policies often prioritize intellectual property protections over openness.
#science_and_technology
#prelims
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_science_and_technology
#Goodmorning
⏳ 67 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳ 67 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]
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⏳ 6 days RAS MAINS ( 20 July)
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🔆Usha Mehta
✅She was a prominent figure in India's freedom struggle, known for her role in establishing Congress Radio during the Quit India Movement in 1942. A law student in Bombay at the time,
✅Mehta was deeply inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's call for civil disobedience. She played a pivotal role in setting up Congress Radio as an underground radio station to counter British censorship
and provide uncensored news and information to the Indian public.
✅Despite challenges, they succeeded in providing a vital voice for India's freedom struggle, amplifying the call for independence and inspiring generations. When Mehta was released from Pune’s Yerawada Jail in March 1946, she was hailed in the nationalist media as “Radio-ben”. Conferred the Padma Vibhushan in 1998, Mehta died after a brief illness in 2000.
✅Usha Mehta's story exemplifies ethical values such as:
🔸 Commitment to Justice
🔸 Courage: Mehta demonstrated courage in the face of adversity, refusing to bow down to British authorities and continuing to broadcast nationalist messages even when faced with the threat of arrest.
🔸 Integrity: Despite the risks involved, she remained true to her principles and refused to compromise on the ideals of freedom and democracy.
🔸 Sacrifice: Mehta made personal sacrifices, including risking her safety and freedom, for the greater good of the nation and its people.
🔸 Leadership: She showed leadership by taking the initiative and organizing the establishment of Congress Radio, rallying others to join the resistance against British colonial rule.
#gs1
#gs2
#social_issues
#history
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
✅She was a prominent figure in India's freedom struggle, known for her role in establishing Congress Radio during the Quit India Movement in 1942. A law student in Bombay at the time,
✅Mehta was deeply inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's call for civil disobedience. She played a pivotal role in setting up Congress Radio as an underground radio station to counter British censorship
and provide uncensored news and information to the Indian public.
✅Despite challenges, they succeeded in providing a vital voice for India's freedom struggle, amplifying the call for independence and inspiring generations. When Mehta was released from Pune’s Yerawada Jail in March 1946, she was hailed in the nationalist media as “Radio-ben”. Conferred the Padma Vibhushan in 1998, Mehta died after a brief illness in 2000.
✅Usha Mehta's story exemplifies ethical values such as:
🔸 Commitment to Justice
🔸 Courage: Mehta demonstrated courage in the face of adversity, refusing to bow down to British authorities and continuing to broadcast nationalist messages even when faced with the threat of arrest.
🔸 Integrity: Despite the risks involved, she remained true to her principles and refused to compromise on the ideals of freedom and democracy.
🔸 Sacrifice: Mehta made personal sacrifices, including risking her safety and freedom, for the greater good of the nation and its people.
🔸 Leadership: She showed leadership by taking the initiative and organizing the establishment of Congress Radio, rallying others to join the resistance against British colonial rule.
#gs1
#gs2
#social_issues
#history
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
RT-FR-159-APFC-EPFO-engl-150724.pdf
516.1 KB
APFC EPFO FR