Telegram Web Link
๐Ÿ›‘Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)
โœ… A serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) is a useful test for differential diagnosis of ascites.  Both should be drawn/measured at same time
๐Ÿ›‘. High gradients (โ‰ฅ 1.1 g/dL) is seen in patients with:
โœ…Cirrhosis
โœ…Cardiac ascites
โœ…Mixed ascites
โœ…Alcoholic hepatitis โœ…Budd-Chiari Syndrome
โœ…Fulminant liver failure
โœ… Fatty liver in pregnancy
โœ…Veno-occlusive disease
โœ…Portal vein thrombosis

๐Ÿ›‘ Low gradient < 1.1 g/dL is seen in:
โœ… Tuberculosis peritonitis
โœ…Pancreatic ascites
โœ…Biliary ascites
โœ… Nephrotic syndrome
โœ… Peritoneal carcinomatosis

#critical-care-pearls
๐Ÿ›‘At what level of WBC, Platelet and Hematocrit count is pseudo hyperkalemia expected?
โœ…Pseudo hyperkalemia is usually a laboratory artifact rather than a real biological it can also occur in patients with abnormally high numbers of the following

โœ…Platelets count (>500,000/mmยณ)
โœ… Patient with leukocytes (> 70 000/mmยณ)
โœ…Patient with increase erythrocytes (hematocrit > 55%)

#critical-care-pearls
#remember

โœ…Patients with severe vitamin D deficiency  (<12ng/ml  )are at risk for developing osteomalacia
๐Ÿ›‘ In such patients, we measure:
โœ…Serum calcium
โœ…, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase
โœ…parathyroid hormone (PTH)
โœ…Electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine
โœ…Tissue transglutaminase antibodies (to assess for celiac disease)

โœ…ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูƒุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูุชูŠุงู…ู† ุฏุงู„ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 12ng/ml ู…ุงุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุชูู„ุณู ูˆุชุนุทูŠู‡ ููŠุชุงู…ูŠู† ุฏุงู„ ุจุฏูˆู† ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุทุจูŠุจ ู…ุฎุชุต๐Ÿ˜… ู„ุชู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช
ู†ุตุงุฆุญ ู„ู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุถุงุฑ:

๐Ÿ’ฅูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ู†ู…ุท ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุถุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุฐูƒุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ:

๐Ÿ“ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ุถุงุฑุฉ:

ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดุจุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„: ุงู„ู„ุญูˆู…ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฃู„ุจุงู†ุŒ ูˆุฒูŠุช ุงู„ู†ุฎูŠู„ุŒ ูˆุฒูŠุช ุฌูˆุฒ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฏุณู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุทุจุฎ ู…ุซู„
: ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฒูŠุช ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุช ุงู„ุฃููˆูƒุงุฏูˆ ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒุจุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุถุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู….

๐Ÿ“ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุจุนุฉ ุจุงุนุชุฏุงู„:
ู…ุซู„: ุงู„ู…ูƒุณุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุฐูˆุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงูƒ ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃููˆูƒุงุฏูˆุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠูˆุช ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠุฉ ูƒุฒูŠุช ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุฒูŠุช ุงู„ููˆู„ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุฒูŠุช ุงู„ูƒุงู†ูˆู„ุงุŒ ูˆุฒูŠุช ููˆู„ ุงู„ุตูˆูŠุง.

๐Ÿ“ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงู ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุฐูˆุจุงู†:
ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงู ู…ู† ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุถุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุจุทุฆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ ุงู„ุบู†ูŠุฉ ุจู‡ุง:
ุงู„ุดูˆูุงู†.
ุงู„ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠุงุชุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุนุฏุณุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุฒู„ุงุกุŒ ูˆุงู„ูุงุตูˆู„ูŠุงุก.
ุงู„ุดุนูŠุฑ.
ุงู„ููˆุงูƒู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฎุถุฑูˆุงุชุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุชูุงุญุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ.

๐Ÿ“ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุจุฏู†ูŠ:
ูŠูˆุตู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชุชุฑุงูˆุญ ุฃุนู…ุงุฑู‡ู… ุจูŠู† 18 ูˆ64 ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ุจู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ู†ุดุงุท ุจุฏู†ูŠ ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงู„ุดุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุชุชุฑุงูˆุญ ุจูŠู† 30 - 60 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุนุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠูˆุตู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชุจู„ุบ ุฃุนู…ุงุฑู‡ู… 65 ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ูู…ุง ููˆู‚ ุจู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ู…ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ 30 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุจุฏู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุชุฏู„ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน.

๐Ÿ“ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฏ:
ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุถุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ.

๐Ÿ“ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฎูŠู†:
ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎูŠู† ู…ู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุถุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุณุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุชุดูƒูŠู„ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุณุจ ุงู„ุฏู‡ู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠูŠู† ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฎุทุฑ ุชุฌู„ุท ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูƒุชุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ
ู„ู…ุง ุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุทู‡ ุงู„ุณุญุฑูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ AkI
Sodium bicarbonate
Lasix
Calcium gluconate
ุจุฏูˆู† ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต ABG ูˆุนู…ู„ ECG monitoring
๐Ÿ›‘ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุชู‰ ู†ุนุทูŠ furosemide( Lasix) ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูุดู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฏ AkI ุŒุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุŸุŸ
Clinical Notes
๐Ÿ›‘ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุชู‰ ู†ุนุทูŠ furosemide( Lasix) ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูุดู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฏ AkI ุŒุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุŸุŸ
ูŠุงุฌู…ุงุนู‡ ุงู†ุง ุณุฌู„ุช ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนุดุฑ ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆู…ุณุญ ๐Ÿ˜‚ุงุญุจ ุงูˆุตู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ูŠูู‡ู…ู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุจุณ ุงู† ุดุงุกุงู„ู„ู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„
๐Ÿ›‘Management hemodynamic in patient with Acute renal impairment

๐Ÿ‰Do not think that hypovolemia is the cause of AKI

โœ…1) If AKI develop suddenly in ICU patient without clear history of fluid/blood loss

โœ…2) If patient has AKI with normal/high pulse pressure
        ..............................

โœ…Fluid should be given until hypovolemia is corrected and NOT until AKI is resolved

โœ…Do not add maintenance fluid in patients with oliguria except after increase in urine output

โœ…Do not give fluid without looking to the status of the lung

#salah
ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ูˆุตูู‡ ู…ุฑูŠุถ hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)

Cefepime + meropenem
Or
Tazact+ Cefepime or meropenem

ูˆุถุน clinical pharmacy ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
โœ… ู‡ู„ ู…ุณุชุญุจ ุณู…ุงุน ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ู„ู…ุฏู‡ ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุดุฑุญุช ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุนุŸุŸ
ุงููƒุฑ ุงุดุฑุญ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน Community-acquired pneumonia ?
ุดุฑุญ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ Community-acquired pneumonia ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
ููŠ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุซู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู„ CDC 
For treat adult

ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†
chloroquine-sensitive
use either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine.

- Chloroquine phosphate dosing consists of 600 mg base (1,000 mg salt) orally immediately, then 300 mg base (500 mg salt) orally at 6, 24, and 48 hours.

- Hydroxychloroquine dosing consists of 620 mg base (800 mg salt) orally immediately, then 310 mg base (400 mg salt) orally at 6, 24, and 48 hours.

ุงู…ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุด ู…ุชูˆูุฑู‡ ุงูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡
chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum infection.
ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
  use 1 of the following (listed in order of preference):

1. Artemether/lumefantrine 80 mg/480 mg (4 tablets, 20 mg/120 mg each) orally twice daily for 3 days:
ูŠุงุฎุฐ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠู‡ ุฌุฑุนู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏ 8 ุณุงุนุงุช ุฌุฑุนู‡ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฌุฑุนู‡ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‡
โ€ขู„ุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุน ุงูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
  infants < 5 kg.
ูŠูุถู„ ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงูƒู„ ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต

2. Atovaquone/proguanil 1,000 mg/400 mg (4 adult tablets, 250 mg/100 mg each) orally once daily for 3 days:

ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู…ู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุนุงุช ุงูˆ  infants < 5 kg.
ุงู„ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุงููŠ ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุงุฎุฑ ุงูˆ ูƒุงู†  ุงู„
  benefits outweigh the risks.
ูŠูุถู„ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงูƒู„ ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต

3. Quinine sulfate:
โ€ข Quinine sulfate may be available as 542 mg base (650 mg salt) or, in the United States as capsules containing 324 mg salt (therefore 2 capsules are equivalent to 1 oral dose).
โšซ The frequency and duration of quinine sulfate is 3 times daily for 3 days (or 7 days if infection acquired in Southeast Asia) plus 1 of the following:
ะพ Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 7 days
โ€ข Tetracycline 250 mg orally 4 times daily for 7 days
Clindamycin 20 mg/kg/day orally divided into 3 doses daily for 7 days


4. Mefloquine 684 mg base (750 mg salt) orally as initial dose, followed by 456 mg base (500 mg salt) orally 6-12 hours after initial dose:
This option is not recommended for patients acquiring infection in Southeast Asia due to resistance.
โ€ข Only consider this option if other treatment options are not
available.
Mefloquine is not recommended for patients with
neuropsychiatric history.
ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑูƒุฉ ูˆููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุนุฑูุฉ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชุจุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุนุจุงุฏุฉ...ูˆุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฏุนุงุก... ู„ุง ุชู†ุณูˆุง ุงู„ุฏุนุงุก ู„ุบุฒุฉ ูˆูู„ุณุทูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุจุทูŠู† ููŠ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงูุนูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑุถ ูˆุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ุญุฑู…ูŠู†.
#ุทูˆูุงู†_ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰
Clinical Notes
Voice message
ู‡ู„ ู†ูˆุงุตู„ ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงูˆ ููŠุฏูŠูˆุŸ
ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑ ุนูŠุฏูƒู… ู…ุจุงุฑูƒ ูˆูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆุงู†ุชู… ุจุงู„ู ุฎูŠุฑ
ุนูŠุฏ ู…ุจุงุฑูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุบุฒุฉ ุจุฑุฌุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆู†ุณุงุฆู‡ุง ูˆุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ุง
ุนูŠุฏ ู…ุจุงุฑูƒ ุน ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ.
ูˆุฌุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนูŠุฏ ูุฑุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุฎูˆุชู†ุง ููŠ ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ุ› ุบุฒู‘ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ูˆุงู„ุถูุฉุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุดุงู…ู†ุง ูˆูŠู…ู†ู†ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุญุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ.
#remember
โœ…It is not only about the fluid balance but think about sodium balance to avoid sodium overload and water retention

โœ…ู„ุฐุง ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ Lower limb edema ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุจูˆู…ูŠู† ุŒูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุณุจุจ ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† maintenance fluid ๐Ÿ˜… ู„ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุงุฎุฐ sodium balance ุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ู†ูุณ fluid balance
2024/11/15 18:00:44
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