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๐Ÿ›‘bisphosphonates and Hypocalcemia

โœ…Both oral and IV bisphosphonates can cause transient hypocalcemia, but more frequently after IV than oral administration.
โœ… The risk of hypocalcemia is higher and duration longer in patients with hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or inadequate calcium intake.
โœ…Patients receiving bisphosphonates should take supplemental calcium and vitamin D.
โœ…However, calcium supplements can interfere with the absorption of bisphosphonates, and they should not be taken for at least one hour after taking oral bisphosphonate
#Uptodate2024
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู‚ู†ุน ุงู„ูƒุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ ceftriaxone ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุตุญ ู†ุตุฑูู‡ ู„ุฃูŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุฏูˆู† ุณุจุจ
ู‡ูˆ ๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿผ
#massoud
#remember
๐Ÿ›‘Hyperprolactinaemia causes according levels
โœ…< 1000 drug-induced prolactinaemia
โœ… ๏‚ท 1000 -- 3000 mU/l microprolactinoma.
โœ…๏‚ท > 3000 ๏ƒ  macroprolactinoma.

#Not and Note
๐Ÿ›‘ pregnancy and level T3 and T4

โœ…in normal pregnancy  (T3) and T4 levels show a slight increase with suppressed (TSH)  in the first trimester due to the partial thyroid-stimulating action of human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-HCG)
โœ… Free T3 and T4 remains within normal ranges

โœ…pregnancy increase   thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and increase  total thyroxine but does not affect the free thyroxine level

โœ…TSH may be mildly suppressed in up to 13.5% of pregnancies during the first trimester, and 4.5% of women in the second trimester, and this is considered a normal variant.
โœ…HCG levels will fall in second and third trimester

#Note and Note
#remember
โœ…The most common causes of hypercalcemia are primary hyper-parathyroidism and malignancy (90 %)
โœ…malignancy should  be considered in hypercalcaemia without hypophosphataemia
โœ…In the presence of hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia, is highly suggestive of hyperparathyroidism

#Not and Note
โญ• *ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ Research Methodology* โญ•

โ—ผ๏ธ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจุดุฏุฉ ุฑุฌุน ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ๐Ÿคฉ

โ—ผ๏ธ ูƒู„ู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ูˆูƒูŠู ุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ูˆุทุฑูŠู‚ูƒ ู„ู„ุนุจูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„CV ุงู„ุฑู‡ูŠุจ ๐Ÿ˜Žโœจ
ูˆุนุดุงู† ูƒุฐุง ู†ุณุงุนุฏูƒ ูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ๐Ÿ‘ฃ

โ—ผ๏ธ  ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุดุงู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ูˆุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ ุงู„ุจุญุซูŠ๐Ÿ”ฅ

โ–ช๏ธ ููŠ ุดู‡ุฑ ุชุนุฑู ูƒูŠู ุชูƒู…ู„ ุจุญุซูƒ ูˆุชุฑุชุจ ุฃููƒุงุฑูƒ
ูˆู…ูุงุฌุฃุชู†ุง ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ”ฅ
ุชุฎููŠุถ 30% ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู†...

ู†ุฎุจุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ู† ๐Ÿฅ‡

ุงู„ู…ุณุชููŠุฏูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ...

ูŠู…ู† ู…ูŠุฏูŠูƒุงู„ ู‡ุจ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠ  ๐Ÿคฉ ู†ูุชุญ ู„ูƒู… ุขูุงู‚ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ..  ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ˜€

โ–ช๏ธู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc0-iAsvt1IIHPVH7P0MXP30CMxYaEaQKP1mfAtWC57lN4kVA/viewform?usp=sf_link

ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…: 779555257

๐ŸŒ ู„ู„ุฅุณุชูุณุงุฑ ูˆู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ูƒู„ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ:
https://www.tg-me.com/+g5ChTkbXQ29mMWFk

#Yemen_Medical_HUB ... #Research
#ูŠู…ู†_ู…ูŠุฏูŠูƒุงู„_ู‡ุจ... #ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ_ุงู„ุจุญุซ_ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ #ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ_ุงู„ุจุญุซูŠ
*ุจุงู„ุชูˆูˆูˆูˆูˆููŠู‚ *
๐Ÿ›‘ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุชุงุซูŠุฑ Paracetamol ุงูˆ ู…ุงูŠุณู…ู‰ acetaminophen
ุนู„ู‰ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ุŸุŸ

โœ…ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆุฑูŠุฏูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฎูุถ ู…ู† ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ุญุณุจ ู…ุฑุฌุน Diprio ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฎูุถ ู…ู† MAP ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ 15mmHg ุฎุงุตู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃุนุทูŠ ุจ rate ู…ุฑุชูุน ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนุฏ ู†ุตู ุณุงุนู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

โœ…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูู…ูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฑูุน ู…ู† ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ุญุณุจ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช  ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฑูุน ู…ู† ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ pressures rose by 5/2 mmHg (systolic/diastolic ุŒ ุฎุงุตู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ููˆุงุฑู‡ (effervescent) ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…

โœ…ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุฉ ู„ุงูŠู…ู†ุน ู…ู† ุงุนุทุงุกู‡ุง ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู…

#Diprio
#Uptodate2024
๐Ÿ›‘Furosemide in AKI

โœ…Furosemide Despite its popularity in AKI, intravenous furosemide does not improve renal function in AKI, and does not convert oliguric to non-oliguric renal failure
โœ…. Furosemide can increase urine output during the recovery phase of AKI , and a trial of furosemide is reasonable during this period to relieve fluid accumulation

#The ICU Book
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃู† ุฏุงุก ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑู‡ ููŠุฌุจ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุชู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุชู‡ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ ูˆูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ ูˆูƒูŠู ุฃุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆุตู„ุช ุงู„ูŠู‡
ุฃูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ู‡
monitoring management of diabetes
ุฃู‡ู… ุงุดูŠุงุก ู‡ูŠ
hemoglobin A1C (A1C) and preprandial/postprandial glucose measurements
ุน ุดุงู… ู†ุนู…ู„ ุชู‚ูŠูŠู…
Assessment Frequency
ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ A1C  ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุน ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ู‡
ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ูƒู„ ุณุชู‡ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑู‡ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ูˆุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌู‡
ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุฑุงุช ูƒู„ ูฃ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
recent therapy change or not meeting their glycemic goals.

ุงูˆ ุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ุทูู„
undergoing growth and development

ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ ู‡ูŠ
reducing the patientโ€™s A1C to goal without causing hypoglycemic episodes.
ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู†  ุงู„ A1C ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 7
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 8
ุฃู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 6
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃู† ูุญุต ุงู„ A1C  ูƒู„ ุซู„ุงุซู‡ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู„ุฐุงู„ูƒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุนุฑูู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุญู‚ู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู‚ุจู„ ุฐุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต ุจุดูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑู‡ ูŠูˆุถุญ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ A1C ู…ุซุงู„ ุน ุฐุงู„ูƒ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ A1C 10 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซู‡ ุงู„ุงุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† (193-282)

ุฃูŠุถุข ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ู„ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ ู‡ูˆ
Cardiorenal Risk Reduction
ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุดุงู† ู†ุญู‚ู‚ ุฐุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงุญุฏ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡
GLP-1 receptor agonists and/or SGLT2 inhibitors).
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ
proven benefit for that.
#massoud
โ›”ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ุดุฑ
#ู…ูˆุถูˆุน_ู…ู‡ู…
ุจุฎุตูˆุต ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูˆูŠ TB ููŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ุชู„ูŠู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏูŠ liver Cirrhosis
โœ…ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ ุงูˆู„ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุจุงุฑุจุนู‡ ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ู… ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ Isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide ูˆ Ethambutol
ูˆู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซู‡ ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง hepatotoxic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง liver injury ูˆูŠุฑูุนูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู‡ูˆ Ethambutol ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุงูŠุงุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
โœ…ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ ููŠ ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุชู„ูŠู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ CTP-Child Turcotte Pugh Score
ูู…ุซู„ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช CTP score of ุชุณุงูˆูŠ 7 ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ุจุจุฏุง ุจุฏูˆุงุฆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซู‡ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ู… Isoniazid, rifampicin ุงุถุงูู‡ ุงู„ู‰ Ethambutol ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฑุงุญ ู†ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุนู† pyrazinamide
โœ…โœ…ุทูŠุจCTP score of ุจูŠู† 8ูˆ 9 ูุบุงู„ุจุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฐ ุฏูˆุงุก ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุจู†ุฎุชุงุฑ rifampicin
โœ…ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ALT ุงูˆ AST ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† baseline ุจุถุนููŠู† ุงูˆ ุงุฑุชู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุจู„ุฑูˆุจูŠูŠู† ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 2 ู‡ู†ุง ุจูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† hepatotoxic
โœ…ูˆุฑุงุญ ุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ Ethambutol ูˆ levofloxacin ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† aminoglycosides ู„ูˆ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ูƒ
ูˆุจุณูˆูŠ ูุญุต ู„ุฃู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูƒู„ ุซู„ุงุซ ุงูŠุงู… ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนุช ุงู„ู‰ baseline ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฑุฌุน ุฏูˆุงุก ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ูˆ rifampicin
๐Ÿ›‘Medications  that may increase the risk of bleeding or bruising

โœ…Anticoagulants
โžก๏ธInterfere with clot formation (secondary hemostasis)

โœ…Antiplatelet agents, including NSAIDsโžก๏ธInterfere with platelet function (primary hemostasis)


โœ…Glucocorticoids โžก๏ธInterfere with vascular integrity

โœ…Antibiotics
โžก๏ธCause vitamin K deficiency, especially with longer use
Some interfere with platelet function

โœ…SSRIsโžก๏ธInterfere with platelet function (primary hemostasis)

โœ…Vitamin Eโžก๏ธInterferes with vitamin K metabolism in some individuals

#Uptodate2024
๐Ÿ›‘Heparin and Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

โœ…For patients with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of HIT (and/or a confirmed diagnosis of HIT based on HIT antibody testing), we recommend immediate full-dose anticoagulation with a non-heparin anticoagulant rather than discontinuation of heparin alone, unless there is a strong contraindication (eg, bleeding, high bleeding risk)

โœ…Some experts consider prophylactic intensity (such as fondaparinux 2.5 mg daily) rather than therapeutic intensity anticoagulation in patients with an intermediate 4 Ts score without any other indication for therapeutic anticoagulation who have a high bleeding risk

#Uptodate2024
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ุนุตูŠุชูƒ ุฅุณุชุฎูุงูู‹ุง ุจูƒุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุบู„ุจุชู†ูŠ ู†ูุณูŠุ›

ูุฅุบูุฑ ู„ูŠ ุฅู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุบููˆุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…. โค๏ธ๐ŸŒ™
๏ดฟ ู‚ูŽุฏ ุฃููˆุชูŠูุชูŽ ุณูุคู„ูƒูŽ ูŠุง ู…ููˆุณูŽู‰ ๏ดพ

ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‡
ูƒู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ู„ู…ูˆุณู‰ ู‚ูู„ ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจูŠ โค๏ธ
ู…ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ ุงู„ูุดู„ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ
Drug use in Heart Failure
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุน ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู
Stage A
1. Control BPin patients with HTN
2. SGLT2i in patients with T2DM plus:
โšฌ Established CVD or,
โšฌ High CV risk
3 ุนุงู„ุฌ ุน ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
Stage B
1. ACEi and BB
Stage c (HFpEF)
1. SGLT2i in all patients with HFpE
2. May consider MRA and/or ARNi
if LVEF < 55-60%
โšฌ May consider regardless of
LVEF for female patients
โšฌ May consider ARB if unable
to receive ARNi therapy
Loop diuretic as needed
Stage c (HFmrEF)
1.diuretics as needed (loop preferred)
2. SGLT2i may be beneficial
3. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
MRA, ACEi/ARB/ARNi, and evidence-based BB
ุฎุงุตู‡ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„
LVEF is closer to HFrEF threshold
Stage c (HFimpEF)
ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ guideline-directed medical therapy
Even if asymptomatic
Stage c (HFrEF)
ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู‡ู…
1 ARNi or ACEi or ARB
โšฌ ARNi: NYHA class II-III
โšฌ ACEi or ARB: NYHA class II-IV
ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุงู† ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ูŠุฉ
โšฌ ARNi > ACEi > ARB
ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุงูˆุฑุจูŠูŠู†
โšฌ ACEi> ARNi > ARB
2.Beta Blocker (evidence-based)
โšฌ Bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, nebivolol
ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู†ูุถู„ ู†ุจุฏุงุก ุจ ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… carvedilol ุฎุงุตู‡ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ู…ุฑุชูุน ุงูƒุซุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุณูƒุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู†ุจุถ ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆุงู„ุถุบุท ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฑุชูุน ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู†ูุถู„ bisoprolol
ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ nebivolol ูŠูุถู„ ุนู†ุฏ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู†
3. MRA (e.g.eplerenone, spironolactone)
โšฌ NYHA class II-IV
โšฌ eGFR > 30 mL/min/1.73m2
โšฌ Serum potassium < 5 mEq/L
4. SGLT2i
โšฌ With or without T2DM
5 Diuretics (as needed)
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ุณูˆู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฎุงุตู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูุดู„ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุจุจ ูุดู„ ู‚ู„ุจูŠ
#massoud
2024/09/29 11:14:16
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