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#remember
๐Ÿ›‘Carvedilol does not appear to impair glucose tolerance.
#UpTodate2024
๐Ÿ›‘SGLT2 inhibitors drug


โ›”๏ธCanagliflozin โ€“ Canagliflozin is taken orally before the first meal of the day The initial dose is 100 mg once daily, and it can be increased to 300 mg daily to achieve glycemic goals. In patients with moderate kidney impairment (eGFR 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2), the dose should not exceed 100 mg daily. Canagliflozin should not be given to patients with severe hepatic impairment.
โœ…No dose adjustment is needed in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment


โ›”๏ธDapagliflozin โ€“ Dapagliflozin (10 mg once daily) can be taken any time of day with or without food. It is not recommended for use in patients with active bladder cancer
โœ…. For patients with severely reduced liver function, a starting dose of 5 mg is recommended. There is limited experience in patients with severe hepatic impairment



โ›”๏ธEmpagliflozin โ€“ Empagliflozin is taken orally once daily in the morning with or without food
โœ…. The initial dose is 10 mg daily, and it can be increased to 25 mg once daily to achieve glycemic goals. In patients taking empagliflozin who have an eGFR 30 to 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, the dose should not exceed 10 mg.
โœ…Empagliflozin may be used in patients with hepatic impairment

#UpTodate2024
๐Ÿ›‘ (SGLT2) inhibitors  and blood pressure

โœ…reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-4 to -6/-1 to -2 mm Hg) has been documented for SGLT2 inhibitors

#UpTodate2024
๐Ÿ›‘SGLT2I inhibitors and magnesium


โœ…In practice, however, SGLT2 inhibitors have been observed to induce mild increases, ranging from 0.1 to 0.24 mg/dL in serum magnesium levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, and this appears to be a class effect
โœ…The mechanisms for this effect are not well understoo

โœ… (SGLT2) inhibitors have been reported to be quite effective in correcting refractory hypomagnesemia, with increases in serum magnesium ranging from 0.3 to 1 mg/dL
โœ… Remarkably, this beneficial effect has been observed in both patients with and without diabetes, in both renal and nonrenal hypomagnesemia, and is not consistently associated with reduction in magnesuria

#UpTodate2024
๐Ÿ›‘SGLT2 inhibitors and IgA nephropathy (IgAN)

โœ… Patients with IgAN and proteinuria should receive treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. This approach is similar to that for other patients with CKD and proteinuria.
#UpTodate2024

โœ…ุจูƒุฐุง ู†ุฎุชู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ SGLT2I inhibitors ุงู„ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนู…ู„ุช ุทูุฑู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฎุฑ ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜
ููŠ ุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…
ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุฃู… ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ูˆูู„ุณุทูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุจูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆุฃู†ุชู† ููŠ ุฃู„ู ุฎูŠุฑ ูˆูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆุฃู†ุชู† ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ุนูŠุฏูƒู… ู†ุตุฑุง ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡
ูุงู†ุชู† ู…ู† ุงู†ุฌุจุชูŠู† ุฎูŠุฑ ุฑุฌุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู† ูˆู…ู† ุฑุจูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏูŠู† ุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฏุŒ
ุซู… ูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆุงู†ุชู† ุจุฎูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู…ุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุจุนุฏูƒู†.
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุฐุง pdf ู„ู… ุฃุฌุฏู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ
ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ูŠู…ู„ูƒู‡ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุชูˆููŠุฑู‡ ูŠุฑุณู„ู‡ ู„ูŠ ุน ุงู„ุฎุงุต
@m_rassam
ูˆุฃูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงูƒุฑูŠู†
#remember

๐Ÿ›‘Aldosterone antagonists in ACS and diabetic patients

โœ…We recommend an aldosterone receptor blocker to all patients with diabetes who meet the following criteria, which were derived from the EPHESUS trial of patients 3 to 14 days after acute MI
โ—Are receiving an ACE inhibitor and a beta blocker
โ—Have a left ventricular ejection fraction โ‰ค40 percent
โ—Have a serum creatinine โ‰ค2.5 mg/dL (221 micromol/L) in men and โ‰ค2.0 mg/dL (177 micromol/L) in women
โ—Have a serum potassium โ‰ค5.0 mEq/L

#UpTodate2024
Management of adult patients with gastroparesis
๐Ÿ›‘ุจู†ุณุจู‡ ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ hypoglycemia ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูˆุนูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงูƒู„ ูˆุงู„ุจู„ุน ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡
โœ…3 to 4 glucose tablets or a tube of gel with 15 grams, 4 to 6 oz fruit juice or non-diet soda, or a teaspoon of honey or table sugar

โœ…ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุงุชูŠู‡
โœ…taking an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (eg, acarbose, miglitol, voglibose
ูˆููŠ ู‡ุจูˆุท ุณูƒุฑูŠ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ูู‚ุท pure glucose (dextrose) ู…ุงู†ุนุทูŠุฉ
other carbohydrates (eg, table sugar [sucrose]) 

ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุฑุงุญ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู‡ุถู… ูˆุงู…ุชุตุงุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงุช ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ ุชุงุซูŠุฑ ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑู‡

#UpTodate2024
Clinical Notes
๐Ÿ›‘ุจู†ุณุจู‡ ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ hypoglycemia ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูˆุนูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงูƒู„ ูˆุงู„ุจู„ุน ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ โœ…3 to 4 glucose tablets or a tube of gel with 15 grams, 4 to 6 oz fruit juice or non-diet soda, or a teaspoon of honey or table sugar โœ…ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุงุชูŠู‡โ€ฆ
โœ…If the patient is conscious and able to drink and swallow safely (ie, alert enough to do so and with gag reflex intact), administer a rapidly absorbed carbohydrate (eg, 3 to 4 glucose tablets or a tube of gel with 15 grams, 4 to 6 oz fruit juice or non-diet soda, or a teaspoon of honey or table sugar



โœ…Patients taking an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (eg, acarbose, miglitol, voglibose) with symptomatic hypoglycemia should only receive pure glucose (dextrose) orally because digestion and absorption of other carbohydrates (eg, table sugar [sucrose]) will be delayed by these medications and will be less effective in raising blood glucose levels.

#UpTodate2024
Clinical Notes
ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุญุณุงุจ ู„ูƒุฒูŠูƒู…ุจ New Lexicomp account For the website Username: EHC2024 Password: Lexicomp24!
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ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
ุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนุฑู ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุณุงุจ lexicomp ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ูƒูŠู ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„
ุงูˆู„ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุฐุง
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ุงูˆ ุชุจุญุซ ุจุฐูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ู‡
Lexicomp login
ูˆุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุฃูˆู„ ุฑุงุจุท ูˆุชุฏุฎู„ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑ ุงู„ูŠ ู†ุดุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
ูˆุชุชุจุน ุจู‚ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ

ูˆุชู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุชุฏุฎู„
uptodate

#ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุถู‡ุฑ ู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุชุตูุญ ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุตูุญ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจ ุฃุญุท ุตูˆุฑู‡ ุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚
#massoud
#remember

โœ…Domperidone may be associated with an increased risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death, particularly with doses >30 mg.
#genebrandax
ููŠ ู†ุณุฎุชุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนู‡ ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซู‡
ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุจุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุชุจู‡ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุฏู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุตูŠุงุฏู„ุฉ.
ูƒุชุงุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‡ ู„ุตูŠุฏู„ู‡ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ
ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุจุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆุฎุงุตู‡ ู„ูƒุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠุฏู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ..

ูˆูŠุถุง ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ูˆู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ูุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฅุซุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ..

ูˆุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุคุซุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช..
ูˆููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ุดุงุจุชุฑ ู…ู„ุฎุต ู…ุน ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจุณูŠุทู‡ ูƒ ุฃู…ุซู„ู‡ุŒ
ูƒุชุงุจ ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ุตูŠุฏู„ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุตูŠุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ
ูˆุงูŠุถุง ู„ุจู‚ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠู‡
#massoud
ู„ู…ุง ุชุนุทูŠ Amoxicillin ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ Acute otitis media ู„ุทูู„ ุฃุฎุฐ ุฏูˆุงุก Amoxicillin ุฎู„ุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ ุณุจุจ
ุฑุฏู‡ ูุนู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจู‡

โœ…ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุญุตู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ู‡ ู„ Amoxicillin
ุงู„ุญู„ ู†ุนุทูŠ Amoxicillin clavanic acid
#Salah
๐Ÿ›‘morphine in Acute coronary syndrome

โœ… Morphine occasionally produces bradycardia and hypotension (vagomimetic effect), which can be managed with atropine (0.5โ€“1.5 mg IV) if necessary

#Marinos ICU
๐Ÿ›‘ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ุดุฑ

ุทุจุนุง ูƒู†ุช ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ atropine 
ูุนุงู„ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุฑุงุญู„ heart block ๐Ÿค” ููŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ acute(unstable)

ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฑุงุช ุงู†ู‡ ูุนุงู„
ููŠ  Ist degree

ูˆููŠ  2nd degree (Mobize1)
ูู‚ุท

ู„ูƒู† ููŠ
2nd degree (Mobize2)

ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู„ู‡ parodixal effect in HR
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูˆุทูŠ HR๐Ÿค”


ุงู…ุง ููŠ  3rd degree not effective in HR๐Ÿฅฒ
#salah
๐Ÿ›‘ insulin in DM type 2

โœ…The initial dose for any basal insulin is 0.2 units per kg daily (minimum 10 units, up to 15 to 20 units).
โœ…If fasting glucose levels are very elevated (>250 mg/dL [13.9 mmol/L]), A1C is >8 percent, or insulin resistance is severe, initial doses of basal insulin in type 2 diabetes can be higher (eg, 0.3 units per kg or up to 25 to 30 units daily).

#Uptodate2024
2024/09/29 13:23:48
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