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๐Ÿ›‘ In which condition is the pantoprazole dose 80 mg IV q12h used?

โœ…Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Rationale: Pantoprazole 80 mg administered intravenously q12h, is used in patients with hypersecretory conditions associated with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome or other neoplastic conditions.  The dosing frequency can be adjusted according to individual patient needs, based on acid output measurements.  In some patients, doses as high as 80 mg q8h may be needed to maintain the acid output below 10 mEq/h.

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๐Ÿ›‘Fluoroquinolones should not be used in a patient who had been receiving a fluoroquinolone for SBP prophylaxis because the infecting organism may be resistant to fluoroquinolones. Organisms infecting patients who have been on fluoroquinolone prophylaxis are usually usually (94 percent) susceptible to cefotaxime
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๐Ÿ›‘Metronidazole
Montriong With prolonged therapy (>6wks) or if symptoms develop assess for peripheral/ optic neuropathy
๐Ÿ›‘Why is dextrose (D-5 )a poor choice of resuscitation at cellular level in septic shocks?
โœ…Answer: At cellular level, in hypoperfused patients, most D-5 gets diverted to lactate production making acidosis worse. Also, as we know - at vascular level - it has no resuscitation effect.

โœ…ุจุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ู„ุงูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ dextrose ููŠ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ septic shock ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ dextrose ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ lactate ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† acidosis ุงู„ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู…ุฑุชูุน ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ septic shock
โœ…ุซุงู†ูŠ ุณุจุจ ูƒู…ูŠู‡ Intravascular Volume ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ dextrose ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ ุจ Ringer lactate ุงูˆ NS ุจุญูŠุซ ูƒู„ 1000ู…ู„ ู…ู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ dextrose ุฑุงุญ ูŠุนูˆุถ Intravascular Volume ูู‚ุท 100 ู…ู„ ูˆู†ุญู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ septic shock ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† fluids
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โœ… ุตูˆุฑู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุญูŠุฉ ู„ุฌู…ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠ ceftriaxone ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนุชุจู‡ ุจุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุฃูˆ ู„ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุฏ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠู‡

๐Ÿ›‘Which one group of antibiotics (other than Vancomycin) has been shown to increase the risk of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)?

โœ…Use of Cephalosporin has been found to increase the risk for colonization and infection by VRE. Restriction of cephalosporin usage has been shown to be associated with decreased in VRE infection and transmission among hospitalized patients.

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โœ…ู‚ุฏ ุชุตุงุฏู ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ status epilepticus ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู… ู„ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุฑุน standard anticonvulsant therapy ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฏูˆุงุก Isoniazid ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจ (IV pyridoxine (B-6
โœ… Isoniazid (INH) induced seizures is unique in the sense that it is usually refractory to standard anticonvulsant therapy. Even doses as low as 1.5 g can be neurologically toxic. INH induced seizure requires administration of a specific antidote, pyridoxine (B-6), with dose of 5 gram in IV form. Dose can be repeated 2 to 3 times if needed
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๐Ÿ›‘ treatment Pruritus in patients with cholestasis

โœ…For patients who do not have primary biliary cholangitis or intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy we do the following:
โ—We initially treat with a bile acid sequestrant such as cholestyramine (total daily dose of 4 to 16 grams

โœ…If the bile acid sequestrant does not provide adequate, relief we switch to rifampin (150 to 300 mg twice daily)

โœ…
If symptoms persist, we then switch to an opioid antagonist, such as naltrexone (12.5 to 50 mg/day)

โœ…Switching to sertraline (75 to 100 mg daily) or phenobarbital 90 mg at bedtime can be tried if other measures fail

โœ…For treatment of pruritus in patients with primary biliary cholangitis, in addition to cholestyramine, we suggest treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid. We start with a low dose (eg, 200 to 300 mg daily) and then over the next few weeks gradually increase the dose to 13 to 15 mg/kg per day given in two to three divided dose

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๐Ÿ›‘ู…ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุฏูˆุงุก Dexlansoprazole ุนู† ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ูˆุถุฉ PPIุŸ
โœ…ูŠุชู…ุชุน ุจุขู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุฉ ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌุฉ. ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก. ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฏูŠูƒุณูŠู„ุงู†ุช ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ ู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ. ูˆุจุนุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 4-5 ุณุงุนุงุชุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุฏูŠูƒุณูŠู„ุงู†ุช ุจุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ู…ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก

โœ… Answer: Dexilant is known to have a dual delayed release mechanism. It contains two different types of granules for two releases of medication. Dexilant works by releasing one shift of the drug within an hour of taking it to decrease the amount of acid in stomach. After about 4โ€“5 hours later, Dexilant releases the remainder of the medication.

#crtical_care_pearl2018..
โœ…ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ููŠุชุงู…ูŠู† K ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ bleeding ุงูˆ Increase INR ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Warfarin ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุชุฌู†ุจ warfarin resistance ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฌูŠุซ ูˆุฌุฏ ุจุฃู† ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ููŠุชุงู…ูŠู† Kุจุฌุฑุนู‡ 10 ู…ู„ุฌู… ู‚ุฏ ูŠูˆุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Warfarin resistance ู„ู…ุฏู‡ ุณุจุน ุงูŠุงู…ุŒุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‡ ู…ู† ููŠุชุงู…ูŠู† ( 0.5-2.5 mg) ุงู‚ู„ ุงุญุฏุงุซ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ

โœ…A 10 mg dose of vitamin K results in a rapid reversal of elevated INR however, overcorrection and warfarin resistance may pose problems. This dosage could diminish the effect of warfarin on clotting factor synthesis for up to 7 days. A dose in the range of 0.5-2.5 mg of vitamin K, reverses anticoagulation within 24 hours, with less risk of overcorrection or warfarin resistance.
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๐Ÿ›‘Paradoxical side effects of benzodiazepines such as increased hostility, aggression, angry outbursts, and psychomotor agitation are seen more commonly with lorazepam than any other benzodiazepines.

โœ…ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูƒุฐุง ู…ุตุทู„ุญ Paradoxical side effects ู‡ูˆ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠุนุงู„ุฌู‡ุง ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก
โœ…ุจู†ุณุจู‡ ู„ lorazepam ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ risk factors ู…ุซู„
โœ…Age related (extremes of age):
โ€ข Children
โ€ข Older adults 

โœ…lorazepam, paradoxical reactions occurred within several hours to 24 hours after the first dose; reactions subsided within 24 to 48 hours of discontinuation

๐Ÿ›‘ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ Paradoxical side effects ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ููŠุฏ ููŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุงุนุทูˆู†ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ุŸ
#crtical_care_pearl2018..
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#salah
Clinical Notes
๐Ÿ›‘Paradoxical side effects of benzodiazepines such as increased hostility, aggression, angry outbursts, and psychomotor agitation are seen more commonly with lorazepam than any other benzodiazepines. โœ…ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูƒุฐุง ู…ุตุทู„ุญ Paradoxical side effects ู‡ูˆ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุกโ€ฆ
๐Ÿ›‘ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจู‡ ู†ุดุฑุชู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ูุชุฑู‡

๐Ÿ›‘ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุฃู„ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู…ุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ุซูŠุงุฒูŠุฏ ุชุนุทู‰ ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุฐุจ Diabetes insupetis ู…ุน ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุชุจูˆู„ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 3 ู„ุชุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…๐Ÿค” ูˆ  ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุงุช ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุจูˆู„ ุ›ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ


โœ…ุงูˆู„ุง ู„ู†ุนุฑู ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ paradoxical action ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑู…ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ูŠุนุทูŠ ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุตู†ุน ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ุซูŠุงุฒูŠุฏ ุตู†ุนุช ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุจูˆู„ ุจุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุณุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุฎูุถ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู…
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู† ุฃุนุทูŠุช ุจุฌุฑุนู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏ ุงุนุทุงุกู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุฐุจ ุจุญูŠุซ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุจูˆู„  ูˆุจุฌุฑุนู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุซู„ hydrochlorothiazide ูŠุนุทู‰ ุจุฌุฑุนู‡ 1mg/kg ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ  ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุนุทู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฌุฑุนู‡ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 50mg
ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุฌุฑุนู‡ hydrochlorothiazide  ููŠ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุบุงู„ุจุง 12.5mg

โœ…ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ dynamid online
#salah
๐Ÿ›‘Which one test may help in distinguishing epilepsy from a psychogenic non-epileptic seizure?


:โœ…  A prolactin level Rationale: A high blood prolactin level during initial twenty minutes following the seizure may be useful to differentiate an epileptic seizure from the psychogenic non-epileptic seizure.

#crtical_care_pearl2018..
โœ…Levetiracetam (keppra) and Vitamin
B6 -??
โœ…something to think of when writing Keppra! Levetiracetam (keppra) has been reported to cause many behavioral and psychiatric disturbances including anxiety, irritability, depression etc. Recent literature (though mostly from pediatric population) suggests that the addition of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) may curtail some of these symptoms. Pyridoxine supplementation for the treatment of levetiracetam-induced behavior side effects in children

โœ…ุจุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ levetiracetam ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงุถุทุฑุงุจุงุช ู†ูุณูŠู‡ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุงูƒุชุฆุงุจ ูˆุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ุฎุงุตู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ุฐุง ูˆุตู ููŠุชุงู…ูŠู† b6 ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุนุฑุงุถ
#crtical_care_pearl2018..
Initial evaluation of elevated lactate in adults
โœ…ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ู†ู‚ูŠู… ุณุจุจ ุงุฑุชูุงุน lactate
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Preventive Medications for Migraine
โœ…ุงูุถู„ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุตุฏุงุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุทุจุนุง ูŠูƒูˆู† primary headache
ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงุฎุฑ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ
โœ…ูŠูุถู„ ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑู†ุฌุฑ ุฃุณูŠุชุงุช ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ูุดู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฏ AKI ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† hypovolaemia ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ูุถู„ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ Normal saline ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุดู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฏ AkI ู…ุชุฑุงูู‚ ู…ุน hyperkalamia

โœ…ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงูƒู…ุงู„ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ hyperkalamia ูŠุชู… ุชุญูˆูŠู„ NS ุงู„ู‰ ุฑู†ุฌุฑ ู„ุชูุงุฏูŠ metabolic acidosis (ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ NSูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ )

#BMJ
2024/09/30 01:24:10
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