CA Foundation Business Law Contract Act unit 1 to 9 Handwritten Notes shared Above👆🏻👆🏻👆🏻

✅ ICAI Student Journal - August 2024

☑️ Special Issue:

➨ CA Final : AFM
➨ CA Inter : Strategic Management
➨ CA Foundation : Business Law

📍Official Download Link :
https://www.icai.org/post/students-journal

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Dear CA Students,

Embarking on the journey to become a Chartered Accountant is not just about acquiring a professional qualification; it's a commitment to excellence, integrity, and continuous learning. As you navigate through the rigorous exams, countless hours of study, and practical experience, it's essential to keep your motivation burning bright.

Remember, you are not merely pursuing a career; you are investing in your future and paving the way for boundless opportunities. Each lesson learned, each challenge overcome, brings you closer to your goal of becoming a trusted financial expert.

In the face of adversity, when the workload seems overwhelming, or the exams appear insurmountable, it's crucial to remind yourself of your purpose. Visualize the impact you will make in the world as a Chartered Accountant – the businesses you will help thrive, the financial strategies you will craft, and the lives you will positively influence.

Stay focused on your studies, but also remember to take care of yourself. Balance is key; ensure you allocate time for rest, relaxation, and rejuvenation. Surround yourself with a supportive network of peers, mentors, and loved ones who uplift and inspire you during challenging times.

Embrace each setback as an opportunity for growth, for it is through adversity that we truly discover our strength and resilience. Celebrate your victories, no matter how small, and use them as fuel to propel you forward.

Above all, never lose sight of your passion for accounting and your unwavering dedication to excellence. The road to becoming a Chartered Accountant may be long and arduous, but with perseverance, determination, and a relentless pursuit of your goals, success is inevitable.

Believe in yourself, trust in your abilities, and never underestimate the power of your dreams. You have chosen a noble path, and the world awaits the exceptional contributions only you can bring.

Keep pushing forward, for greatness lies ahead.

📍 For Daily dose of Motivation & More Amazing Exam Tips Join www.tg-me.com/ICAIexamtips On Telegram

💰The funds that almost nobody can invest in.📌

Norway does not have ATMs that give out gold.

It is not famous for selling homes on man-made islands.

It does not come to mind when we think of Rolls-Royce, sky-scrappers, or lavish people.

All of those are associated with Middle Eastern countries – because they have oil.
A less-known fact: Norway has lots of oil too.

Anywhere between 40 and 70% of their exports are oil and gas. But this was not always the case.

Towards the end of the 1950s, Norway was like any other European country.
They were not poor. But they did not produce oil.
And then, they found oil and gas – lots of it.

By the 1970s, they were commercially extracting oil and gas. They began exporting it.
And with that, the money started flowing in.

The Norwegian government had structured their oil and gas exploration in a specific manner.

Licenses were given to private companies to explore and dig.

It was all done in a manner in which the government of Norway would earn profits.

This allowed the Norwegian government to get a new source of income.

Lots of income.
This was a problem.
Yes – a good problem.

They knew that oil and gas would not last forever. Some day, it would finish. They would not be able to earn money from oil forever.

Norwegians did not want to blow away all their money in the present.
They wanted to save it so that future generations of Norwegians would benefit from it.

They set up a fund.
This fund would invest the money – just like a mutual fund.

Thus, in 1990, the government set up the Government Pension Fund. In 1996, money was first deposited into the fund.

Investment💵💴💶💷

Norway’s oil earnings are invested by the Government Pension Fund.
They invest in stocks, bonds, and real estate.

Just like a mutual fund, it has a team that decides where the money will be invested. There is a team that audits the fund.

There is a team that researches new investments, and which holdings to sell off.

And there is a person who heads this – like a fund manager.

But there is one giant difference between a mutual fund and the Government Pension Fund.

Anyone can invest in a mutual fund.
The Government Pension Fund has only one investor – the Government of Norway.

This fund is immensely successful.
Today, it manages assets worth about $1.5 trillion – or $1,500 billion.

This makes the Government Pension Fund the biggest fund of its kind in the world.

To give you some context, India’s biggest mutual fund company (SBI Mutual Fund) manages assets worth $86 billion only.

About 70% of the Government Pension Fund’s money is invested in shares of over 8,500 companies across 70+ countries.

About $22 billion of this fund’s money is invested in India.

Of the $1.5 trillion assets, only about half have come from direct contributions from oil profits.

The rest is the return from investing. The fund is performing well.
Last year, the fund made a gain of $213 billion.

Sovereign Wealth Funds💸

These extra-large mutual funds that serve governments are called Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs).

They usually have only one customer – their government.
Norway’s sovereign wealth fund is just one such fund. It is indeed the world’s biggest SWF.

But there are many others like it.
Abu Dhabi Investment Authority is the biggest SWF in the Middle East with holdings of over $800 billion.

China Investment Corporation reportedly has assets over $1.3 trillion.

Kuwait Investment Authority has assets over $900 billion.

Government Investment Corporation (GIC, Singapore) has assets over $700 billion.

There are SWFs based in Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong, Oman, Alaska (USA), Dubai, Turkey, South Korea, and many more.

Norway’s SWF is famous for being incredibly transparent. All details about its holdings are publicly available.

Read more...

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Important Dates for CA Final Nov'24 Exams Form Filling & Correction Windows

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CA Foundation RTPs September 2024 https://castudynotes.com/2024/07/21/ca-foundation-september-2024-revision-test-papers-rtps-in-pdf-at-one-place/

first time icai providing RTPs for Eco and Maths too.. kindly solve it guyss maybe chances are high to come in exam few questions from it.

✅ ICAI Student Journal - August 2024

☑️ Special Issue:

➨ CA Final : AFM
➨ CA Inter : Strategic Management
➨ CA Foundation : Business Law

📍Official Download Link :
https://www.icai.org/post/students-journal

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May the Indian Flag fly higher always and we celebrate this day each year with pride & joyous tears. Let’s honour the sacrifices of our forefathers. Team @canotes wishes everyone a very Happy Independence Day.
#IndependenceDay2024

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Happy Independence Day To Everyone

Is Independence Day par Negative Thoughts aur Negative Logo se Khud ko Azaad Karo

Is Independence Day Par Khud ke Doubts se Khud Ko Azaad Karo

Is Independence Day par Apne Goals Ko Achieve Na Karne Dene Wale Apne Mann ke Alas aur Uske aaram pasand vicharo se Khud Ko Azaad Karo

Is Independence par Apne Desh ke liye aur apne Pariwar ke liye Kuch kar na Pane ki Majburi se khud ko azaad karo

Aao Milke Apne Aur Apne Desh ke liye Kuch aisa Kar jayein Jo Bharat Maa Ko Hamare Upar Garv Ho Jai Hind ❣️🙏

T.me/canotes_foundation

Word of the Day

Diversification

Diversification is the practice of investing money in different assets.

In simpler words, to not place all your eggs (money) in the same basket (investment).

Example
: say you’re in a buffet.
Then, you’ll be able to eat different types of dishes — so, if a few dishes aren’t that good, you may still enjoy others.
In investing, diversification does the same.

If one investment doesn’t perform well, others may balance it out.

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Motivational Journey of Two CA Aspirants 🧑‍💻👨‍💻

Once upon a time in a bustling city, there were two friends named Akash and Navin. They both shared a dream of becoming Chartered Accountants (CAs) and making a mark in the business world. With relentless determination, they embarked on their CA journey together.

As they progressed through their studies, Akash seemed to effortlessly glide through each exam, while Navin faced struggles and setbacks. Despite Navin's best efforts, success seemed elusive, and frustration began to weigh heavily on him.

However, Akash never let Navin falter alone. He stood by his friend's side, offering encouragement and support every step of the way. Together, they faced the challenges head-on, turning every setback into a lesson and every failure into motivation to strive harder.

Finally, the day arrived when Akash received the news he had been eagerly waiting for - he had passed his CA examinations with flying colors. It was a moment of immense joy and pride for both friends. While Akash celebrated his achievement, Navin couldn't help but feel a pang of disappointment at his own inability to clear the exams.

But Akash reminded Navin of their journey together, emphasizing that success was not a destination but a journey filled with ups and downs. He assured Navin that his time would come and that he would always be there to support him.

True to his words, Akash wasted no time in establishing his own successful CA practice. Meanwhile, Navin, undeterred by his past failures, decided to pursue a different path. With sheer grit and determination, he took a leap of faith and started a small business with a loan.

The road was tough, with numerous hurdles and obstacles along the way, but Navin refused to give up. His relentless perseverance paid off as his business began to thrive, gradually expanding its reach and influence.

In a remarkable turn of events, Navin's company flourished to such an extent that it caught the attention of industry veterans, including Ashneer, a seasoned entrepreneur. With his guidance and mentorship, Navin's company soared to new heights, eventually getting listed on both the NSE and BSE.

As Navin basked in the success of his endeavors, he never forgot the unwavering support of his friend, Akash. When Akash reached out to Navin, seeking opportunities to collaborate, Navin welcomed him with open arms, acknowledging the pivotal role Akash had played in his journey.

Together, Akash and Navin forged a partnership that exemplified the true essence of friendship and resilience. They proved that success knows no bounds when fueled by determination, perseverance, and the unwavering support of a friend. And as they embarked on this new chapter together, they knew that their bond would continue to be their greatest asset in conquering new horizons.

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