ABCI

With ABCI, developers can write Byzantine fault-tolerant applications in any programming language. ABCI bridges the Tendermint Core consensus layer and the Cosmos software development kit (SDK). It consists of three message types that get delivered from Tendermit Core to the application layer. ABCI relays three corresponding response messages from the application layer:

1. The DeliverTX message delivers each transaction in the blockchain. Applications validate each received transaction with this message.

2. The CheckTX message is for validating transactions. The mempool checks a transaction's validity and relays it.

3. The Commit message is placed into the following block header and is used to compute a cryptographic commitment to the current application state.

Tendermint Core creates three ABCI connections to the application; one for the validation of transactions when broadcasting in the mempool, one for the consensus engine to run block proposals, and one more for querying the application state.

Tendermint Consensus and Cosmos

Cosmos is a layer-1 blockchain with three layers:

1. An application layer for processing transactions and maintaining the network state.
2. A networking layer for relaying communication between the transactions and the chain.
3. A consensus layer for determining the state of the network.

The Tendermint consensus is the backbone of the Cosmos consensus layer. The ABCI application layer allows developers to build either on top of the Cosmos blockchain or use the Cosmos SDK to build on one of the IBC-compatible blockchains. The Cosmos SDK is the implementation of the ABCI and stands for the modular part of the Cosmos ecosystem.

To illustrate the above with an example: a developer team could choose to build a new DApp for decentralized finance. They lack the means and motivation to build their own chain. At the same time, the team is looking for a flexible programming solution to maximize interoperability. It could use the Cosmos SDK as a plug-and-play option to build a decentralized app compatible with Cosmos and other IBC chains. It would be connected to the Tendermint Core consensus mechanism through the ABCI.

The Future of Tendermint

As a core contributor to the Cosmos ecosystem, Tendermint (the company behind the eponymous consensus) provides software and development kits to Cosmos. It is also developing a crypto app store (Emeris) that will serve as a single platform to interact with decentralized applications.
Furthermore, Cosmos is branching out its ecosystem with an update to a Cosmos 2.0 version. The Cosmos blockchain will serve as the connective layer between the different IBC chains and add value to the Cosmos economic system.

You can read more about Cosmos in our Deep Dive Into The Cosmos 2.0 Network.

Here's the Analysis of #ENA :

#ENA forming a Reversal Inverse Head and Shoulder Pattern and now retesting the neckline area support. Overall market corrected itself and so altcoins too. In LTF we can see price going through the flag pattern and looks like we can rally up from here.

#BTC just strongly slides lower very wild, and price reached a a key support zone as expected to be a healthy retracement. Well, LTF turned bearish and below H4 and all so we need to see Daily Price rejecting the support or sustaining it.

#STMX given a close below and had a retest properly and respect the zone. Price dropped 6% - 8% in favor for shorting, make sure to move Stops to breakeven as market might turn aggressively today by NY Market Open.

Short-Term Holders' profit-to-loss ratio currently stands at 1.2, indicating most are in profit. This metric has recently exceeded its 90-day average by more than one standard deviation, suggesting growing market confidence. Given these holders' influence on near-term price movements, this shift towards profit dominance could signal improving market sentiment.

Hash Rate in Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency mining uses computers to solve complex math problems to verify transactions on a public ledger called the blockchain. This process, known as mining, secures, stores, and tracks cryptocurrency. The more computing power a miner has, the more likely they are to win the race of verifying transactions and earning digital currency.

The hash rate of a cryptocurrency is the measure of a miner's processing power. This number indicates how long it takes for a single miner to process all the transactions in a block.

If the number is lower, transactions will be processed faster because there will be fewer miners competing for the same block reward. However, if you have a low hash rate, then it will take longer to receive your first payment.

Back in 2009, when Bitcoin was just emerging as a currency, ordinary desktop computers were able to mine blocks with ease. As more people started mining, the difficulty of finding new blocks increased significantly to the point where the average time for solving a single block began exceeding 10 minutes.

The Bitcoin network adjusts difficulty so that one block is found every 10 minutes on average. That means there are lots of blocks that need fewer than one solution, so lots of your work is wasted (because finding those solutions only earns you transaction fees). The higher your hash rate, the more often you'll be able to successfully mine Bitcoins.

The effect of this is clear: a miner with a 3 GH/s hashing speed will find approximately three times as many Bitcoins per month as a miner with a 1 GH/s mining speed.

Hash rate is the single most important factor when determining profitability. Mining hardware efficiency increases every day while Bitcoin exchange rates continue to rise. This is an important factor in determining how much energy it costs to mine Bitcoin. More hashes mean more electricity is needed to solve the mathematical problem so it's all relative.

As a general rule of thumb, the lower your electricity costs (or the better your mining rig) the more profitable mining will be for you.

What Are Terahashes Per Second?

Terahashes per second is a measurement of the rate of data processing power. A hash is a unit of measurement for the amount of computer processing power required to solve a problem. The more hashes you get per second, the more processing power you have.

Terahashes per second is one unit that shows how much computing power you have. Hash rate is measured in units, such as megahashes, gigahashes, terahashes per second, and so on.

One terahash is 1 trillion (1,000,000,000,000) hashes per second. In the context of Bitcoin mining or blockchain, the rate of hashes per second is important because it determines how long it takes to complete a block.

Here's the Analysis of #PYTH :

#PYTH is been going through the messy price action and forming a Inverse Head & Shoulder hitting resistance right now around $0.38 - $0.40. Wait for the price to break and close of H4 candle over the zone and can take the buys. Price already at a Listing price, so this might push the price further.

NY came with strong moved with #NFP and due to elections events more of these manipulation and random move can come.

#BITCOIN DAILY TF UPDATE :

#BITCOIN on Daily TF, had a retracement nearly from the #ATH area and dropping hard reached the support area. Anticipating a reversal from here very soon by market open.

#IO had a 10% - 13% move from the support real quick but unfortunately it dropped due to volatile market conditions. If you took profits then its good or took you out at Breakeven. Currently, price reaching the major support zone and expected a same reaction from there around $1.36 - $1.50.

Short-Term Holders (people who bought recently) can be measured by seeing if they have paper profits or losses. We use the MVRV ratio to compare current market value to what they paid. New investors are doing better now than in early August, when the yen trades caused a drop. The ratio is now above its 90-day average, which is a good sign.

What is #MVRV-Z Score ?

MVRV Z-Score is a bitcoin chart that uses blockchain analysis to identify periods where Bitcoin is extremely over or undervalued relative to its 'fair value'.

It uses three metrics:

1. Market Value (black line): The current price of Bitcoin multiplied by the number of coins in circulation. This is like market cap in traditional markets i.e. share price multiplied by number of shares.

2. Realised Value (blue line): Rather than taking the current price of Bitcoin, Realised Value takes the price of each Bitcoin when it was last moved i.e. the last time it was sent from one wallet to another wallet. It then adds up all those individual prices and takes an average of them. It then multiplies that average price by the total number of coins in circulation.

In doing so, it strips out the short term market sentiment that we have within the Market Value metric. It can therefore be seen as a more 'true' long term measure of Bitcoin value which Market Value moves above and below depending on the market sentiment at the time.

3. Z-score (orange line): A standard deviation test that pulls out the extremes in the data between market value and realised value.

How It Can Be Used

The MVRV Z-score has historically been very effective in identifying periods where market value is moving unusually high above realised value. These periods are highlighted by the z-score (orange line) entering the pink box and indicates the top of market cycles. It has been able to pick the market high of each cycle to within two weeks.

It also shows when market value is far below realised value, highlighted by z-score entering the green box. Buying Bitcoin during these periods has historically produced outsized returns.

Bitcoin Price Prediction Using This Tool

MVRV Z-Score bitcoin chart is useful for predicting Bitcoin price at the extremes of market conditions. It is able to forecast where Bitcoin price may need to pull back when MVRV Z-score enters the upper red band, and also when $BTC price may rally after spending time in the lower green band.

Historically it has picked major Bitcoin price highs to within 2 weeks.

Here's the Analysis of #IMX :

#IMX is been reached the a key/Major support zone of $1.04 - $1.06 and price falling too hard to better stay away from it. We're already into the Bull Market, so this can been area to buy in part till $0.52.

#BITCOIN WEEKLY TF UPDATE :

#BITCOIN on Weekly TF, played very well as per the analysis and we reached nearly to towards the All-Time high levels. Price had a quick liquidity sweep of the old highs and rejected all the way down. This was mainly happened due to the Elections polls. Although we already said, with play wild with these quick moves.

#DXY UPDATE :

#DXY had a very little move where global market played very well but with the Friday closing, we have a sharp move up and strong crash in market. Now Daily TF had a fakeout and Weekly had a rejection. We can expect this continue to happen and expected to hit towards the 104.87% - 105.18%.

Bitcoin futures trading shows an interesting trend. While traders paid $120M weekly to maintain bullish positions during March's peak, this has dropped to just $15.3M now, showing less speculation during sideways markets. However, recent payments have risen above normal levels, suggesting renewed trading interest.

What are Testnets ?

A testnet, short for "test network," is a separate blockchain network used by developers to test and experiment with new features, upgrades, and applications without risking real assets or transactions. It serves as a sandbox environment for blockchain projects to ensure the stability, security, and functionality of their software before deploying it on the live mainnet.

Here are some key characteristics and functions of testnets:

1. Isolation: Testnets are isolated from the mainnet, meaning they run on a different blockchain with its own tokens or assets that have no real-world value. This isolation allows developers to conduct experiments without affecting the actual cryptocurrency network.

2. Simulation: Testnets simulate the conditions of the mainnet, including transaction processing, smart contract execution, and consensus mechanisms. This allows developers to identify and address any bugs, vulnerabilities, or inefficiencies in their code.

3. Free Tokens: Testnet tokens, often referred to as "faucet" tokens, are freely available to users and developers. These tokens can be used for testing purposes, such as sending transactions, deploying smart contracts, or interacting with decentralized applications (DApps).

4. Public and Private: There are both public and private testnets. Public testnets are open for anyone to use and are ideal for testing the broad functionality of a blockchain project. Private testnets are restricted to a specific group or organization and are often used for more confidential or specialized testing.

5. Version Compatibility: Developers use testnets to ensure that new versions of blockchain software are compatible with existing versions. This compatibility testing prevents network disruptions and forks when upgrades are deployed on the mainnet.

6. Community Feedback: Testnets provide an opportunity for developers to gather feedback from the community, identify potential issues, and make improvements based on real-world testing.

7. Smart Contract Development: Testnets are particularly crucial for smart contract development. They allow developers to verify that their smart contracts perform as intended and are secure before deploying them on the mainnet.

8. Rapid Iteration: Since testnets are not constrained by the same rules as mainnets, developers can rapidly iterate and experiment with various features, configurations, and applications to refine their blockchain project.