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07. Abdominal Ultrasound BachelorClass Your introduction to abdominal ultrasound
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We will be posting daily cases high yield points mcqs related to radiology
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1. The sensitivity of mammography is low in young females because young breast has dense tissue.
2.. Mucosal granularity is the earliest sign of ulcerative colitis on double contrast barium enema (DCBE)
. 3.. Focal nodular hyperplasia can be diagnosed with high accuracy by using nuclear imaging.
4.Porcelain Gall bladder may be detected on the plain abdominal film and is a premalignant condition .
5.. Most sensitive investigation for identification of insulinoma is intraoperative ultrasound.

6. Investigation of choice for detecting minimal intraperitoneal free air is CT Radiological sign of ischemic colitis is thumb print appearance.
7.String sign is suggestive of hypertrophic pyeloric stenosis. In Nephrographic phase of IVP, contrast is PCT.
8. Ectopic pregnancy, characteristic findings in USG is absence of gestational sac in uterus.
9.. On USG findings of cystic hygroma in fetus in suggestive of Turner syndrome.
10. Expansile lytic lesion of sacrum with specks of calcification is suggestive of chordoma. .
11. Most common site of osteogenic sarcoma is the upper end of humerus.
12 ..in sickle cell anemia, Salmonella is the major causative organism causing osteomyelitis.
13.. First sign of hydrocephalus in children is sutural diastasis. William’s syndrome is associated with congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis.
14... For the imaging of adrenal glands in neonates, the modality of choice is ultrasound.
15... MIBG scan is most sensitive for evaluation of extra adrenal pheochromocytoma.
16. The best xray view for minimal pleural effusion is lateral decubitus. Electron beam therapy may be used in treatment of Mycosis fungoides. 17..Maximum permissible radiation dose in pregnancy is 0.5 rad. 19..Agents decreases bone resorption in osteoporosis Alendronate, Etidronate, Strontium.

20...The Milwaukee brace is used for correction of Scoliosis.
21 ..Halo body orthosis has best control at the cervical spine.

22...Reisser's turn buckle cast is applied for correctioin of Scoliosis.

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A 25 old female complaints of recurrent burning micturation, Hemturia, on radiology examination, above radiograph was obtained

*Ans: B*

Explanation: Based on the given clinical scenario the most probable diagnosis here is of medullary sponge kidney also known as Cacchi-Ricci disease. It is a congenital defect causing changes in the tubular structure of the kidney due to multiple tiny cysts. On radiology, the kidney shows a paintbrush or bouquet of flower appearance in the medullary region.

Q1) A patient from north east presented
with respiratory distress. An NCCT
was prescribed which reveals a large
cystic lesion with following features.
What is the diagnosis?

Hydatid disease primarily affects the liver and typically demonstrates characteristic imaging findings. However, there are many potential local complications (eg, intrahepatic complications, exophytic growth, transdiaphragmatic thoracic involvement, perforation into hollow viscera, peritoneal seeding, biliary communication, portal vein involvement, abdominal wall invasion). Furthermore, secondary involvement due to hematogenous dissemination may be seen in almost any anatomic location (eg, lung, kidney, spleen, bone, brain). Ultrasonography (US) is particularly useful for the detection of cystic membranes, septa, and hydatid sand

Q2) A 8-year-old child was injected contrast in hand for CECT chest. Immediately he developed swelling in the arm which gradually increased. After 4 hours, there was numbness and pain, and he was not allowing the doctor to flex the hand. Pulse is present. What should be done?

Q3. A middle aged man presents with progressive atrophy and weakness of hand and forearms. On examination he is found to have slight spasticity of the leg, generalized hyperreflexia and increased signal in the corticospinal tracts on T2 weighted MRI. The most likely diagnosisis: