Phrasal verbs with COME
MAY 28, 2012
================================
Complete the following sentences. Each sentence contains an incomplete phrasal verb. From the given options, find out the adverb particle/preposition that would complete
the phrasal verb.

1. After some time, they came .................................. blows.
at
to
for

2. The newspaper comes ................................ every day.
up
out
over

3. Neha doesn’t want to accept this job, but I think she will eventually come ................................ to the idea.
over
around
up

4. Mom really came ...................................... on me when she discovered what I had done.
up
at
down

5. You will come ....................................... with flying colors in the examination.
off
of
about

6. I was wondering who she was and suddenly it came .................................. me that we had gone to the same high school years before.
on
to
at

7. I don’t know how these things come ....................................
up
about
on

8. I came ..................................... an old friend of mine yesterday.
on
over
across
=======================
🟢Answers🟢

1. After some time, they came to blows. (come to blows = fight)
2. The newspaper comes out every day. (come out = appear)
3. Neha doesn’t want to accept this job, but I think she will eventually come around to the idea. (come around = change one’s mind)
4. Mom really came down on me when she discovered what I had done. (come down on somebody = scold them)

5. You will come off with flying colors in the examination. (come off with flying colors = perform brilliantly)
6. I was wondering who she was and suddenly it came to me that we had gone to the same high school years before. (come to someone = remember)
7. I don’t know how these things come about. (come about = happen)
8. I came across an old friend of mine yesterday. (come across = find)
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SV RAMANUJ

Phrasal verbs with PASS
AUGUST 2, 2012
=================================
A phrasal verb is a two-word idiomatic expression. It is made by putting a verb and a preposition or an adverb particle together.
Pass is used in a number of common phrasal verbs. Here is a list of them.

🌾Pass around
To pass something around is to give it to everyone present.
She passed the notice around.

🌾Pass away
To pass away is to die.
She passed away peacefully last night.

🌾Pass by
Pass by has several meanings

a) to miss an opportunity
I don’t want this opportunity to pass me by.

b) to visit briefly
We passed by the supermarket on the way home.

c) to go past without stopping
Somebody just passed by the window.

🌾Pass on
Pass on has several meanings.

a) to die
She passed on when she was just thirty-three.

b) give a message to someone
Will you pass on that the match has been cancelled?

c) to decline an opportunity or an offer
It was such a good opportunity that I didn’t want to pass it on.

🌾Pass out
To pass out is to lose consciousness.
She passed out from fatigue.

🌾Pass through
To pass through is to visit a place briefly.
I passed through Thane on my way to Mumbai.

🌾Pass to
To pass something to someone else is to give them the ownership of it.
This restaurant will pass to his son when he dies.

🌾Pass up
To pass up is to decline an opportunity.
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SV RAMANUJ

CARE as a verb and a noun
JULY 9, 2012
===========================
The word care is often confused. It is used both as a verb and as a noun and has a meaning similar to concern. Care is also used in some common phrasal verbs. Study the following examples carefully.

🔵Care as a verb
To care is to take an interest in something, to feel concerned about something or to have feelings about something.
🔹We don’t care what happens.

The verb care is most common in questions and negative sentences. If there is an object we use care about. Note that about is usually dropped before a conjunction.
🔹He doesn’t care about his health. (NOT He doesn’t care his health.)
About is dropped before a conjunction.
🔹I don’t care whether she likes it or not. (NOT I don’t care about whether she likes it or not.)

🟢Care as a noun
As a noun care means worry or anxiety. It has a plural form – cares.
🔹He doesn’t have many cares.
🔹The care of my children is my first priority.

☘️Take care of
Take care of means ‘look after’.
🔹She doesn’t take good care of her children.
🔹Who takes care of sick people?
🔹You need to take care of your health if you want to live longer.

When used without a preposition take care means ‘be careful’.
🔹Take care while crossing the road.

☘️Care for
Care for can mean look after. It is mainly used in formal or literary writing. Care for can also mean have a liking for.
🔹Do you care for classical music?
🔹I don’t care for cricket.
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SV RAMANUJ

British and American English: differences
JANUARY 16, 2013
===================================
English has many varieties and that is hardly surprising. English is spoken in many parts of the world. Even in countries where English is not the first language, it enjoys
considerable popularity. Needless to say, the English spoken in different countries are slightly different. For example, Indian English is different from British or American
English in many aspects. Although many forms of English exist, the most accepted varieties are still British and American English. These are the two forms of English taught in
ESL / EFL programs.

British English is different from American English in many ways. It is not possible to say whether one version is more correct or better than the other version. The three major
differences between British and American English are in the following areas.

🍁Pronunciation
Vowels and consonants are pronounced differently in British and American English. The stress patterns of words and sentences are also different.

🍁Vocabulary
There are differences in vocabulary. Some verbs which are irregular in British English are regular in American English. Phrasal verbs are also different in many ways.

🍁Spelling
The most significant difference between British and American English is in the spelling. Many words ending in –our in British English, end in –or in American English.

It doesn’t necessarily matter which form of English you learn. These days American English enjoy more popularity than British English, thanks to the dominance Americans
have over the internet and the popularity of Hollywood films all over the world.

As an ESL student you can decide which form of English you want to learn. However, you must try to be consistent in your usage. If you intend to use British English spellings,
then stick to it. Don’t write some words in British English and some words in American English. Remember that although there are a few differences between the two forms,
British English speakers have no difficulty understanding American English. In the same way, Americans have no difficulty understanding British English either.
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SV RAMANUJ

How to make your writing more formal?
JULY 20, 2013
============================
While communicating with business people, the language you use must be consistently appropriate in style and tone.

The following are the basic features of formal writing.

Write all verbs in full. Do not use contracted forms like don’t or can’t.
Do not use abbreviations such as info (for information) and asap (for as soon as possible).

Limit the use of passive voice. However, there are some situations where passive verb forms are preferred to active forms. For example, active verb forms used with the first
person singular are not considered appropriate in formal or academic writing. Write ‘A copy of the document will be mailed to you as soon as possible’ instead of ‘I will mail
you a copy of the document asap’.

Watch your vocabulary. Certain words are considered informal. Examples are: fix, begin, start, OK, thanks etc. Avoid them in formal writing. Instead use words like repair (for
fix), commence (for start / begin), in order / all right (for OK) and thank you (for thanks).

Avoid informal intensifiers like really and so. Instead use more sophisticated ones such as extremely, highly, entirely etc.
Limit the use of phrasal verbs. As far as possible avoid using them, but if that is not possible limit their use. It is usually possible to express the same idea using standard verb
forms.

Certain discourse markers are considered informal. Avoid using them. For example, write incidentally instead of by the way.
Do not leave out words. Ellipsis is not acceptable in formal writing. Write ‘I hope to see you soon’ instead of ‘Hope to see you soon.’
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SV RAMANUJ

Idiomatic expressions with prepositions
FEBRUARY 1, 2014
==========================
Verbs often combine with prepositions. These combinations are called phrasal verbs. There are numerous phrasal verbs in English and they cause a great deal of difficulty for ESL students. It is nearly impossible for a non-native speaker to learn all of these idiomatic expressions. Still, you must be familiar with the most important ones.
Interestingly, sometimes the same verb takes different prepositions with different objects. The meanings of all of these expressions are usually the same.

Examples are given below.

🌺Agree on / agree about / agree with
Agree with a person, policy or opinion
🔹I entirely agree with your opinion.
🔹I don’t agree with you.

🌺Agree about a subject of discussion
🔹We never agree about anything.

🌺Agree on a price, a matter of discussion etc.
🔹We couldn’t agree on a price.

🌺Agree to a suggestion or proposal.
🔹She didn’t agree to my proposal.

🌺Angry about / angry with
We are angry with people and angry about things. The preposition at is sometimes used with both people and things.
🔹She was angry with me for reading her letters.
🔹OR She was angry at me for reading her letters.
🔹My parents were angry about my dismal performance. OR My parents were angry at my dismal performance.

🌺Argue about / argue with
🔹We argue about a matter.
🔹After his death, his children argued about his property.
🔹They argued about his affair. (NOT They argued with his affair.)

We can argue with a person.
🔹I don’t want to argue with you.
🔹He argued with his wife. (NOT He argued about his wife.)

We can also argue for or against a preposition.
🔹They argued against increasing the legal drinking age.
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SV RAMANUJ

Expressions with SET
JULY 5, 2016
=============================
Here is a list of phrasal verbs with set. Each expression is followed by its meaning. Example sentences are also given.

🌷Set about
To set about something is to start doing something with determination.
He immediately set about organizing the program.

🌷Set someone apart
If a particular quality sets you apart, it makes you seem superior.
Quality is what sets our products apart.

🌷Set something aside
To set something aside is to annul a legal decision.
The high court set aside the ruling of the lower court.

🌷Set in
If something sets in, it begins and seems likely to continue.
Monsoon has set in.
Cold weather has set in.

🌷Set off / set out
To set off or set out is to begin a journey.
We set off in the morning.

🌷Set something off
To set something off is to cause an alarm or a bomb to go off.

🌷Set something forth
To set something forth is to describe it in writing or speech.
In his speech on terrorism, he set forth his views at length.

🌷Set on
To set on is to attack violently.
The robbers set on the helpless travelers.

🌷Set up
To set up is to establish a business or other organization.
I am raising money to set up a business.
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SV RAMANUJ

Verbs with prepositions and particles
MARCH 17, 2011
===============================
Most English verbs can be followed by prepositions or adverb particles. Examples are: switch off, turn down, walk down, look at, stare at, sit down etc.

🔹Please sit down.
🔹Can you switch off the light?
🔹Why are you staring at me?
🔹I saw Alan as I was driving down the street.
🔹She ran into the room crying.
🔹John fell off the ladder and broke his arm.

Some verbs and prepositions/particles are always used together. Examples are: look at, stare at, throw at, listen to, switch off etc. These combinations are often called
phrasal verbs. Note that the meaning of a phrasal verb is sometimes very different from the meanings of the two parts taken separately.
🔹The meeting has been put off. (= The meeting has been postponed.) (The meaning of put off is not the same as the meanings of put and off.)
Verbs with prepositions and particles together

A few verbs can be used with both an adverb particle and a preposition. Examples are: put up with, get on with and look out for.
🔹I can’t put up with her.

🍁Word order
When prepositions are used with verbs, they usually go before objects.
🔹He fell off the ladder. (NOT He fell the ladder off.)

Adverb particles can go before or after noun objects.
🔹She switched off the heating. OR She switched the heating off.

Note that particles always go after pronoun objects.
🔹She switched it off. (NOT She switched off it.)
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SV RAMANUJ

Two-word verbs
JULY 12, 2011
===========================
Many English verbs can be followed by prepositions or adverb particles.

🔹Do sit down.
🔹Alice ran down the road without looking at anybody.
Some verbs and prepositions / particles are regularly used together. Examples are: look at, listen to, stand up and switch off. These combinations are rather like two-word verbs. In grammars these are often called phrasal verbs.

The meaning of a two-word verb can be very different from the meanings of the two-parts taken separately.
🔹The meeting had to be put off. (The meaning of put off is not the same as the meanings of put and off.)
Some verbs can be used with both an adverb particle and a preposition.

Examples are: get on with, put up with and look out for.

The two parts of a phrasal verb made with a verb + adverb particle are often separable. That means the particle can go before or after noun objects.
🔹Can you switch off the light? OR Can you switch the light off?

Note that adverb particles can only go after pronoun objects.
🔹She turned it off. (NOT She turned off it.)

The preposition in a verb + preposition combination usually goes with the verb. It can’t be separated from the verb.
🔹He fell off the ladder. (NOT He fell the ladder off.)
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SV RAMANUJ

Two-word verbs exercise
MAY 31, 2012
=========================
The two parts of an inseparable phrasal verb cannot be separated.
Complete the following sentences.

1. Even after moving to another city, she still calls .................................... her old neighbours.
to
up
on

2. It took him several weeks to fully get ............................... his illness.
about
over
at

3. You should go .................................... the study materials at least twice before the exam.
on
over
about

4. He has already gone .................................... his money.
with
over
through

5. It is no fun having so many children to look ..................................
for
at
after

6. The police should look ................................... the conspiracy.
at
into
about

7. I ran ..................................... my ex-girlfriend yesterday.
over
across
down

8. He fell .................................... the ladder and broke his back.
over
off
of

9. He walked down the road without looking .................................... anybody.
on
at
over
=======================
🟢Answers🟢

1. Even after moving to another city, she still calls on her old neighbours. (Call on = visit)
2. It took him several weeks to fully get over his illness. (Get over = recover, overcome)
3. You should go over the study materials at least twice before the exam. (Go over = review)
4. He has already gone through his money. (Go through = use up)
5. It is no fun having so many children to look after. (Look after = take care of)

6. The police look into the conspiracy. (Look into = investigate)
7. I ran across my ex-girlfriend yesterday. (Run across = find by chance)
8. He fell off the ladder and broke his back.
9. He walked down the road without looking at anybody.
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SV RAMANUJ

Phrasal verbs
AUGUST 22, 2010
===============================
There are numerous phrasal verbs in English. Although they are not considered appropriate in formal writing, phrasal verbs are very common in speech. Here is a list of phrasal verbs beginning with C.

🪷Call for = require
This victory calls for a big celebration.
This recipe calls for butter, not ghee.

🪷Call off
To call something off is to cancel it.
Susie has called off her wedding to Peter.
If it rains we will have to call off the picnic.
To call off guard dogs is to order them to stop.

🪷Call on
To call on somebody is to visit them.
If Mary was in town, why didn’t she call on us?

🪷Call up
To call up somebody is to telephone them.
I called Susie up to see if she wanted to come with us.

🪷Calm down
To calm somebody down is to make them relax.
She calmed the baby down by rocking her gently.

🪷Care for
To care for somebody is to nurse them.
He cared for the dog until its wounds healed.
To care for something is to like it.
I don’t care for pasta.
Do you care for pets?

🪷Carry on
To carry on a conversation is to continue.
Please, carry on.

🪷Carry on about
To carry on about is to continue in an annoying way.
She kept carrying on about her illnesses until we all went to bed.

🪷Carry out
To carry out is to complete something.
If you can’t carry out my instructions, you must resign.

🪷Carry over
If something carries over, it continues on a subsequent day or page.
The conference carried over into lunch time.
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SV RAMANUJ

Phrasal verbs exercise
SEPTEMBER 24, 2011
=============================
Fill in the blanks with appropriate adverb particles or prepositions.

1. He is only putting .............................. an act.
on
up
over

2. We chatted ........................................ for over an hour.
up
on
away

3. I am sick .............................. the whole business.
with
up
of

4. Put the money ................................., you may need it later.
off
by
out

5. The vicar told me I could practice ............................... the organ.
with
on
by

6. There is a catch .................................. it somewhere.
at
in
on

7. The judge let him ..................................... with a caution.
out
off
by

8. It came .................................... a lot of money.
at
to
with

9. The thief was condemned ................................... gaol.
for
to
with

10. Suddenly a bright idea dawned .................................. me.
at
to
on
=======================
🟢Answers🟢

1. He is only putting on an act. (To put on an act is to pretend.)
2. We chatted away for over an hour. (To chat away is to chat continuously.)
3. I am sick of the whole business. (sick of = tired of)
4. Put the money by, you may need it later. (put the money by = put it in reserve)
5. The vicar told me I could practice on the organ.

6. There is a catch in it somewhere. (catch = trick)
7. The judge let him off with a caution. (To let somebody off is to free him.)
8. It came to a lot of money.
9. The thief was condemned to gaol. (= The thief was sent to gaol.)
10. Suddenly a bright idea dawned on me. (dawned on me = occurred to me)
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SV RAMANUJ

Separable phrasal verbs
NOVEMBER 30, 2011
===================================
Many English verbs can be followed by prepositions or adverb particles. Some verbs and prepositions / particles are regularly used together. These combinations are often called phrasal verbs. Examples are: take off, put off and set off, pay back, give back, bail out, ran up, put up, bring up, clean up etc. There are two kinds of phrasal verbs: separable and inseparable

🌺Separable phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs made with adverb particles are usually separable. As the name itself indicates the two parts of a separable phrasal verb are separable. The particle in a separable phrasal verb can go before or after noun objects.

🔹She switched off the light. OR She switched the light off.
🔹He paid back the debt. OR He paid the debt back.
🔹Tea companies have put up the prices. OR Tea companies have put the prices up.
🔹I have to clean up this mess. OR I have to clean this mess up.

🌺Note that if the object is a pronoun, the particle goes after it.
🔹Please switch it off. (NOT Please switch off it.) Here the object ‘it’ is a pronoun. Therefore the particle goes after it.
🔹Give me my money back. OR Give me back my money. (NOT Give back me my money.)
Here the object is a pronoun. Therefore the particle goes after the object.
When the object is a noun or a noun phrase, the two parts of a separable phrasal verb usually remain together.
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SV RAMANUJ

List of phrasal verbs with HANG
================================
🌼Hang about
Meaning: Stay, linger or loiter
Example: If you hang about after the show, you can meet the cast.

Hang about
🌼Meaning: Spend time or be friends
Example: My daughter likes to hang about with older kids after school.

🌼Hang on
Meaning: Wait a moment (usually imperative)
Example: Hang on. Let me check

🌼Hang on
Meaning: Hold, grasp, or grip
Example: Hang on to the handle so you don’t drop it.

🌼Hang on
Meaning: Keep; to store something for someone
Example: Hang on to my jacket until I get back.

🌼Hang on
Meaning: Pay close attention
Example: The audience hangs on his every word.

🌼Hang on
Meaning: Continually believe in something; to have faith in
Example: He’s got a philosophy he hangs on to.

🌼Hang on
Meaning: Persevere
Example: Just hang on and keep going; this pain won’t last forever.

🌼Hang out
Meaning: Spend time doing nothing in particular
Example: He hung out with his friends all day yesterday.

🌼Hang out
Meaning: Be unyielding; to hold out
Example: The juryman hangs out against an agreement.

🌼Hang over
Meaning: Be threatening, to be imminent
Example: A shadow of doubt hung over my academic future.

🌼Hang together
Meaning: Be self-consistent
Example: The story does not hang together.

🌼Hang up
Meaning: Put up to hang
Example: I hung up my wash on the line.

🌼Hang up
Meaning: Terminate a telephone call
Example: When my mother started telling me to be careful over the phone, I threatened to hang up on her.
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SV RAMANUJ

List of useful phrasal verbs for Travel:
=========================================
See off: Go to the airport or station to say goodbye to someone

Set off: Start a journey

Get in: Arrive (train, plane)

Hold up: Delay when travelling

Take off: When a plane departs or leaves the ground

Check in: Arrive and register at a hotel or airport

Get off: Leave a bus, train, plane

Check out: Leave the hotel after paying

Get away: To have a holiday or vacation

Get on: Enter a bus, train, plane, to climb on board

Drop off: Take someone to a place and leave them there

Pick up: Let someone get into your car and take them somewhere

Set out: Start a journey, especially a long journey

Speed up: Increase speed

Look around: Explore what is near you, in your area

Hurry up: Rush and not waste time

Go back: Go the place someone is leaving from to say goodbye

Look forward: Look forward to something that is going to happen in the future

Stop over: Stay somewhere for a short time during a long journey

Touch down: To land at an airport
🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵
List of commonly used phrasal verbs for Telephones :
=================================================
Break up: To be inaudible over the mobile phone

Call back: To return a phone call

Call up: Call someone on the phone

Cut off: To interrupt a telephone conversation

Get through: To contact by telephone

Hang on: Wait for a short time (informal)

Hang up: End a telephone call by breaking the connection

Hold on: Wait for a short time

Pick up: Answer the phone

Put through: Connect by phone

Speak up: Speak louder

Get back to: Telephone someone later

Get off: Finish talking on the phone

Turn off: Disconnect using the power button

Turn on: Connect using the power button

Pass on (a message): To communicate (to convey) a message to someone else

Phone in: Call in by telephone to a central person or central point.
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SV RAMANUJ

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💼Put back
Meaning: Delay or postpone
Example: The meeting has been put back to next week.

💼Run out of
Meaning: Have no more of something
Example: Many companies are running out of money.

💼Sort out
Meaning: Organise or fix
Example: We brought in a management consultant to sort out the mess.

💼Take on
Meaning: Employ (staff)
Example: We’re not taking on any new staff at the moment.

💼Take over
Meaning: To begin to have control of or responsibility for something
Example: He understands the business and can take over when I’m away.

💼Bail out
Meaning: To rescue somebody from a difficult situation, especially financial problems
Example: The bank helped to bail out the struggling company.

💼Cut back
Meaning: To reduce something
Example: In times of economic hardship, firms cut back on training.

💼Go under
Meaning: To become bankrupt
Example: The firm will go under unless business improves.

💼Fall through
Meaning: If an agreement, plan, sale etc. falls through, it is not completed successfully

💼Pull out
Meaning: To move away from something or stop being involved in it
Example: The project became so expensive that we had to pull out.

💼Bottom out
Meaning: To stop getting worse
Example: Property prices are still falling, and show no signs of bottoming out.

💼Level off
Meaning: To stop rising or falling and become steady
Example: Inflation has begun to level off.
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SV RAMANUJ

Phrasal Verbs for Travel
🏝🏝🏝🏝🏝🏝🏝🏝🏝

🏖See off
Meaning: Go to the airport or station to say goodbye to someone
Example: They’ve gone to the airport to see their son off.

🏖Set off
Meaning: Start a journey
Example: We set off for Paris just after ten.

🏖Get in
Meaning: Arrive (train, plane)
Example: I got in just after eight o’clock.

🏖Hold up
Meaning: Delay when travelling
Example: Sorry I’m late – I was held up at work.

🏖Take off
Meaning: When a plane departs or leaves the ground
Example: The plane took off an hour late.

🏖Check in
Meaning: Arrive and register at a hotel or airport
Example: Please check in at least an hour before departure.

🏖Get off
Meaning: Leave a bus, train, plane
Example: We get off at the next station.

🏖Check out
Meaning: Leave the hotel after paying
Example: We checked out at noon.

🏖Get away
Meaning: To have a holiday or vacation
Example: We’re hoping to get away for a few days at Easter.

🏖Get on
Meaning: Enter a bus, train, plane, to climb on board
Example: I think we got on the wrong bus.

🏖Drop off
Meaning: Take someone to a place and leave them there
Example: I’ll drop you off on my way home.

🏖Pick up
Meaning: Let someone get into your car and take them somewhere
Example: I’ll pick you up at the station.

🏖Set out
Meaning: Start a journey, especially a long journey
Example: They set out on the last stage of their journey.

🏖Speed up
Meaning: Increase speed
Example: Can you try and speed things up a bit?

🏖Look around
Meaning: Explore what is near you, in your area
Example: People came out of their houses and looked around.

🏖Hurry up
Meaning: Rush and not waste time
Example: Hurry up! We’re going to be late.

🏖Go back
Meaning: Go the place someone is leaving from to say goodbye
Example: Dave and I go back twenty years.

🏖Look forward
Meaning: Look forward to something that is going to happen in the future
Example: I’m looking forward to the weekend.

🏖Stop over
Meaning: Stay somewhere for a short time during a long journey
Example: I wanted to stop over in India on the way to Australia.
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SV RAMANUJ